Fill in the gaps with the prepositions (if necessary)
8. he has been known _____ a tough competitor
9. Much of Gates' success is based _____ his ability to
10. his partner _____ computer language development
11. to work personally _____ product development _____ Microsoft
12. ______ attending Harvard in 1975
13. to translate technical visions _____ market strategy
14. computer programming language _____ the first personal computer.
15. This transition began _____ the introduction of MS-DOS
16. to value winning _____ a competitive environment _____ money
Find at least 2 synonyms
1. успех
a) b) c)
2. конкурент
a) b) c)
3. сделка
a) b) c)
4. развитие
a) b) c)
5. быстрый, скорый, стремительный
a) b) c)
6. доступный
a) b) c)
2.Поставити чотири типи питань (загальне, спеціальне, розділове, альтернативне) до одного й того ж речення.
1. Gates still continues to work personally in product development at Microsoft.
2. He is an American business executive, chairman and chief executive officer of the Microsoft Corporation
3. In the early 1980s. Gates led Microsoft's evolution from the developer of computer programming languages to a large computer software company.
4. Gates also led Microsoft towards the introduction of application software such as the Microsoft Word processor.
IW #12* the future of it technologies
Work in groups of three. Read your text extract and complete part 1 and 2 of this table.
| 1. Area of IT | |
| 2. Predictions | |
| 3. Comments |
Text A
Telecoms applications will soon be bundled together in much the same way as office application suites are today. A major example is the electronic marketplace, which will bring customers and suppliers together in smart databases and virtual environments, with ID verification, encryption and translation. It will then implement the billing, taxation and electronic funds transfer, while automatically producing accounts and auditing. The whole suite of services will be based on voice processing, allowing a natural voice interface to talk to the computer, all the AI to carry out the request, and voice synthesis and visualisation technology to get the answer out.
Electronic money will be very secure but much more versatile than physical alternatives. E-cash can be completely global and could be used as a de facto standard. It does not have to be linked to any national currency, so can be independent of local currency fluctuations. Its growing use on the Net will lead to its acceptance on the street and we may hold a large proportion of our total funds in this global electronic cash. People will increasingly buy direct from customised manufacturers. Shops will be places where people try on clothes, not buy them. Their exact measurements can be sent instantly to the manufacturer as soon as they have chosen an outfit. The shops may be paid by the manufacturer instead.
Text B
Employment patterns will change, as many jobs are automated and new jobs come into existence to serve new technologies. Some organisations will follow the virtual company model, where a small core of key employees is supported by contractors on a project by project basis, bringing together the right people regardless of where they live. The desks they will use will have multiple flat screens, voice interfaces, computer programs with human-like faces and personalities, full-screen videoconferencing and 3D sound positioning. All this will be without any communication cables since the whole system uses high capacity infrared links. The many short-term contractors may not have enough space in their homes for an office and may go instead to a new breed of local telework centre.
Of course, workers can be fully mobile, and we could see some people abandon offices completely, roaming the world and staying in touch via satellite systems. Even in trains and planes there may be infrared distribution to each seat to guarantee high bandwidth communication. One tool they may have in a few years is effectively a communicator badge. This will give them a voice link to computers across the network, perhaps on their office desk. Using this voice link, they can access their files and email and carry out most computer-based work. Their earphones will allow voice synthesisers to read out their mail, and glasses with a projection system built into the arms and reflectors on the lenses will allow a head-up display of visual information. Perhaps by 2010, these glasses could be replaced by an active contact lens that writes pictures directly onto the retina using tiny lasers.
Text C
Finally and frivolously to the very long term. By around 2030, we may have the technology to directly link our brain to the ultra-smart computers that will be around then, giving us so much extra brainpower that we deserve a new name, Homo Cyberneticus. In much the same time frame, geneticists may have created the first biologically optimised humans, Homo Optimus. It would make sense to combine this expertise with information technology wizardry to make something like the Borg, Homo Hybridus, with
the body of an Olympic athlete and a brain literally the size of the planet, the whole global superhighway and every machine connected to it. Over time, this new form may converge with the machine world, as more and more of his thoughts occur in cyberspace. With a complete backup on the network, Homo Hybridus would be completely immortal. Ordinary biological humans would eventually accept the transition and plain old Homo Sapiens could become voluntarily extinct, perhaps as early as 2200.
Now exchange information with others in your group to list all the predictions made in the text. Discuss with your group the predictions made and add your own comments on the predictions in the last section of the table.
| Predictions (2): Future Perfect and It in subject position | |
| We use the Future perfect to predict actions which will be completed before a particular time in the future. It is often used with time expressions such as by 2020, before the end of the century. For example: | 2 By 2030 geneticists may/might/could have created the first biologically optimized humans. |
| 1 By 2010 scientists will have developed active contact lenses. | We can also make predictions using It in subject position when the true subject of the prediction is that clause. For example, |
| We can vary the strength of our predictions using the certainty verbs instead of will: | 1 It's likely that computers will be used to develop other faster computers. |
| For example: | 2 It's possible that we'll work from telework centres in future |
3. Make predictions for 2020 for each of the following using the methods studied here. You may wish to Use these verbs:
| Develop disappear increase replace take over | |
| computing power | machine intelligence compared |
| interfaces | to human intelligence |
| monitors | the Internet |
| teleworking | keyboards |
| money | speech recognition |
| shops | |
4. Write sentences similar in meaning to each of these predictions with It in subject position. For example:
I don't think we'll use cable connections in future, (unlikely)
It's unlikely that we'll use cable connections in future.
1) I'm sure we won't use magnetic tape, (certain)
2) We may well have electronic chips in our bodies, (probable)
3) Computers could easily be used to develop other computers, (likely)
4) I don't think we'll replace teachers with robots, (unlikely)
5) There's a chance we'll develop alternatives to silicon, (possible)
6) I really don't think we'll have replaced the motor car before 2020. (very unlikely)
7) I'm almost sure we'll replace the CRT monitor in the next few years, (highly probable)
8) I'm definite we'll have more virtual personalities on the Web. (certain)
9) We might adopt Bluetooth as a standard for wireless applications, (possible)
10) Doctors may be able to operate on patients at a distance, (quite likely)
Speaking
1) Think of arguments for and against this statement.
Computers will catch up with the power and speed of the human brain by 2050. Some time after that they will start outstripping us and taking over from us.
2) Choose one side only - for or against the statement. Now listen to the recording and note down any points in support of your side.
3) Using your notes and your own ideas, try to persuade the rest of your group to accept your views on the statement in Task 1).
Writing
Summarise the views of Pearson and of the experts you heard on the recording on the Future of Information Technology. Give your own comments on their views. Write about 250 words.
Літературні джерела
1. Агабекян И.П., Коваленко П.И. Английский для технических вузов.- Ростов-на-Дону, „Феникс”, 2004.- 352 с.
2. Голицинский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений.-5-е изд., - Київ, „Арій”, 2007. - 544с.
3. К.Н. Качалова, Е.Е. Израилевич Практическая грамматика английского языка. М., Издательство „ЮНВЕС”, 2007.- 718 с.
4. Хоменко Е.Г. Граматика англійської мови: Навч. посібник.- 2-ге вид., випр.- Київ, „Знання-Прес”,2007. – 606 с.
5. Шевелёва С.А., Стогов В.Е. Основы экономики и бизнеса. - М.: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2006. - 496с.
6. Eric H. Glendinning, John McEwan Oxford English for Information Technology. - UK, “Oxford University Press”, 2002. - 224 p.
7. David Evans Powerbase Elementary. – England “Pearson Education Limited”, seventh impression, 2005. – 120 p.
8. http://en.wikipedia.org