III. Insert the proper word into the following sentences and explain its meaning with the help of the dictionary
1. The British police officer is sometimes called … .
2. Sir Robert Peel was the … of the police force.
3. Policemen keep order and … .
4. In most countries the police carry … .
5. Those, who guard politicians and diplomats, usually … guns.
IV. Find a proper definition for the following words.
| 1) bobby | a) a weapon incorporating a metal tube from which bullets, shells, or other missiles are propelled by explosive force |
| 2) guard | b) a police officer |
| 3) gun | c) the arrangement or disposition of people or things in relation to each other |
| 4) uniform | d) watch over in order to protect or control |
| 5) order | e) the distinctive clothing worn by members of the same organization |
V. Put the verb into the correct tense form.
1. British policemen (to be called) often 'bobby'.
2. A policeman usually (to carry) a gun.
3. First police uniform (to appear) in the 19th century.
4. Sir Robert Peel (to found) London police in 1829.
5. The task of the policemen (to be) to patrol cities and towns.
VI. Give a short summary of the text in English.
VII. Retell the text.
Module 3
Essential vocabulary
| appeal | подавати апеляційну скаргу |
| application | застосування |
| approximately | Приблизно |
| authority | повноваження |
| carry out | здійснювати, виконувати |
| case | випадок; факти, докази, аргументи |
| charge with | долучати, покладати відповідальність |
| coercion | приборкання, використання сили для придушення заворушення |
| confidence | довіра |
| consent | згода |
| constitute | складати |
| defend | захищати |
| dismiss | звільняти |
| employ | працевлаштовувати |
| entrust | надавати право, довіряти |
| handle | вирішувати |
| head | очолювати |
| investigation | розслідування |
| liberty | свобода |
| magistrate | державний чиновник, магістрат, суддя суду найнижчої інстанції з сумарною і обмеженою юрисдикцією з карних й іноді цивільних справ |
| observance | дотримання, виконання (закону) |
| office | посада |
| pre-trial | досудовий |
| proceedings | судочинство |
| prosecute | порушувати судову справу проти |
| prosecutor | прокурор |
| report to | доповідати ком. |
| resignation | полишення (або відмова) від посади |
| restraint | запобіжний захід, позбавлення волі, ув’язнення |
| submit | подавати |
| supervision | нагляд |
| trial | судовий розгляд, судове слідство,с удовий процес, суд |
| vary | різнитися |
Text 1. The Prosecutor’s Office
Prosecutor is a government official charged with bringing defendants in criminal cases to justice in the name of the state. Although responsibilities vary from one jurisdiction to another, many prosecutors are in charge of all phases of a criminal proceedings, from investigation by the police through trial and beyond to all levels of appeal. Many also defend the state in civil actions. In the UK prosecution is carried out in the name of the crown. In this sense the crown can be said to prosecute, and the prosecution is often referred to as “the crown”.
According to the Constitution of Ukraine, the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine constitutes a unified system that is entrusted with:
1) prosecution in court on behalf of the State;
2) representation of the interests of a citizen or of the State in court in cases determined by law;
3) supervision of the observance of laws by bodies that conduct detective and search activity, inquiry and pre-trial investigation;
4) supervision of the observance of laws in the execution of judicial decisions in criminal cases, and also in application of other measures of coercion related to the restraint of personal liberty of citizens.
The Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine is headed by the Prosecutor General of Ukraine, who is appointed to office with the consent of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and dismissed from office by the President of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine may express no confidence in the Prosecutor General of Ukraine that results in his or her resignation from office. The term of authority of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine is five years.
In the UK the Crown Prosecution Service is responsible for prosecuting people charged with a criminal offence. As the principal prosecuting authority in England and Wales, it is responsible for:
– advising the police on cases for possible prosecution;
– reviewing cases submitted by the police;
– preparing cases for court;
– presentation of cases at court.
The head of the Crown Prosecution Service is the Director of Public Prosecutions. The Director of Public Prosecutions reports to the Attorney General, who holds Parliamentary responsibility for the Service. The Crown Prosecution Service employs approximately 7,700 staff including lawyers and administrators. These key personnel are located throughout the country and handle over 1.3 million magistrates’ court cases and 115,000 Crown court cases every year. The Crown Prosecution Service started operating in 1986 when the Prosecution of Offences Act (1985) became law. Before this time local police forces were responsible for deciding whether to prosecute particular cases.
I. Answer the questions.
1. What are the prosecutor’s responsibilities?
2. What are the tasks of the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine?
3. What is the Crown Prosecution Service responsible for?
4. When did the Crown Prosecution Service start operating?
5. Who is the Head of the Crown Prosecution Service?
II. Are these statements true or false according to the text?
1. The prosecutor’s responsibilities do not differ in all jurisdictions.
2. In Ukraine the prosecution is carried out in the name of the crown.
3. The Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine cannot represent the citizen’s interests in court in cases determined by law.
4. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine doesn’t participate in the appointment of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine to office.
5. In England the Crown Prosecution Service’s personnel handle over 1.3 million magistrate’s court cases.