Bases of the standardization of goods

Plan

1. Standardization

2. Purposes of standardization

3. Intergovernmental system of standardization

4. International and regional standardization

Establishment - установление voluntary – добровольный

Achievement – достижение ordering – упорядочение

The reliable – надежный sphere – сфера

Introduction – внедрение supervision – надзор

Lean – опирается educe – выявляет

Appearance – возникновение guarantee – обеспечение

Compatibility – совместимость transposability – взаимозаменяемость

Salesmen – продавец low-waste – малоотходный

Connection –связь defense – оборона

Protection – охрана environment - окружение

Surroundings – среда Agreement – соглашение

Acknowledged – признаны corotation – совместное

Acknowledgement – признание kept – сохранены

Promote – способствует advance – продвижение

Successful – успешное obvious – очевидный

Collaboration – сотрудничество agreement - согласование

Standardization

Standardization - activity in the establishment of rules and characteristics for purposes of their voluntary repeated use, directed toward the achievement of ordering in the spheres of production and rotation of production and an increase in the competitive ability of production, works or services.

The result of the activity of standardization is the normative document, whose application is the method of ordering in the specific region.

Normative document - document, which establishes rules, general principles or characteristics, which are concerned different forms of activity or their results. This term covers such concepts as standards and other normative documents on the standardization - rule, the recommendation, the codes of established practice, the all-Russian classifiers.

Standard - document, in which for purposes of voluntary repeated use are established the characteristics of production, rule of realization and characteristic of the processes of production, operation, storage, transportation, realization and utilization, fulfilling of works or rendering of services. Standard also can contain requirements for the terminology, the symbolism, the packing, the marking or the labels and the rules of their putting.

In the translation from the English the word “standard” indicates model, standard, basis. Standards are based on the generalized results of science, technology, practical experience and must be the reliable guarantee of the quality of the goods, which enter the internal and outside markets.

Depending on sphere of influence the standards of different status or category are distinguished: international standard, regional standard, national standard (previous name - state standard of the Russian Federation (ALL-UNION STATE STAN. R)), intergovernmental standard (ALL-UNION STATE STAN.), the standard of organization.

Standardization must be examined in three aspects: as practical activity as the part of control system and as science. Standardization as practical activity consists in the development, the introduction and the application of normative documents and the supervision of the fulfillment of requirements, rules and regulations, presented in them. Standardization as the component part of control leans on the complex of the basic documents in the region of technical policy and management of the quality of production. Standardization as science educe, generalizes and analyzes the regularities, which influence one or the other quality changes of goods, it develops and it bases standards and requirements for the objects of standardization.

Purposes of standardization

The critical goals of standardization are:

- raising safety level of life or of health of citizens, property of physical or legal persons, state or municipal property, ecological safety, safety of life or health of animals and plants and assistance to the observance of the requirements of technical regulations;

- raising safety level of objects taking into account the risk of the appearance of the extraordinary situations of natural and technogenic nature;

- the guarantee of scientific and technical progress;

- an increase in the competitive ability of production, works, services;

- the economical utilization of resources;

- technical and information compatibility;

- the comparability of the results of studies (tests) and of measurements, technical and economical - statistical data;

- the transposability of production.

The basic tasks of standardization are:

- the guarantee of mutual understanding between the developers, the producers, the salesmen and the users (customers);

- the establishment of optimum requirements for nomenclature and quality of production in the interests of user and state, including ensuring its safety for the environment, life, health and property;

- the establishment of requirements on the compatibility, and also the interchangeability of production;

- agreement and the coordination of indices and characteristics of production, its elements, component product, raw material and materials;

- unification on the basis of establishment and application of parametric and standard-size numbers, base constructions, structural- standardized modular component parts of the articles;

- the establishment of metrological standards, rules, positions and requirements;

- the technical-normative guarantee of control (tests, analysis, measurements), of certification and estimation of the quality of production;

- the establishment of requirements for the technological processes, including for purposes of reduction in the material consumption, energy content and labor expense, guarantee of application of low-waste technologies;

- creation and conducting the systems of classification and coding of technical and economic information;

- the normative guarantee of intergovernmental and state social and economic and scientific and technical programs (projects) and infrastructural complexes (transport, connection, defense, protection of the surrounding media, monitoring surroundings environment, safety of population and i.t.);

- the creation of cataloging system for guaranteeing the users with information about the nomenclature and the basic indices of production;

- assistance to the realization of the legislation of the Russian Federation by methods and by the means of standardization.