The following passage describes the production of paper. Put the words in brackets into the appropriate forms.

From trees to pulp The trees ____ (transport) to the paper mill by lorry, train or ship. First, the bark ___ (remove). This ___ (burn) at a later stage so that energy can ____ (generate) for the paper- making process. Then the logs __ (cut) into chips and ___ (cook) under high pressure for four hours to make paper pulp. Next the pulp ____(bleach) to ___ (remove) dirt sports and __ (improve) its ageing properties. From pulp to paper The manufacturing process also ____ (require) chemicals to strengthen the paper. The fibres ____ (mix) with additives and ____ (dilute) with water. This mixture ____(spray) onto the paper machine where it ___ (press), then ___ (dry) and _ (wind) onto one large reel which ___ (weigh) up to 20 tons. Each part of the process ___ (control) by computers which automatically _ (correct) any errors.

4.Complete these sentences with appropriate passive or active forms of the verbs

arrive destroy deteriorate develop follow exist happen need prevent recede release wear

1. A number of priceless works of art ____ in the earthquake

2. By the time Carol ____ we had finished eating and were ready to go.

3. No record ___ of the visit he claimed to have made to Paris in 1941

4. Because my visa had expired I ___ from re-entering the country

5. It is generally agreed that new industries ____ for the southern part of the country.

6. If Nick hadn`t come along, I don`t know what would ___.

7. The economic situation in the region ___ quite sharply over the last year.

8. The coastline___ into the distance as our ship sailed further away.

9. It`s incredible to think that these clothes____ by Queen Victoria

10. A new drug ___ to combat asthma in small children

11. When Kathy left the room, everyone_____.

12. A number of political prisoners ___ within the next few days.

5.Make one corresponding sentence or two, if possible.

1. Someone threw a lifebelt to me.

I was thrown a lifebelt. A lifebelt was thrown to me.

2. Someone outlined the problem to me.

3. Someone has reported the theft to the police.

4. Someone told the story to me. –

5. Someone has given 1 0.000 $ to charity. –

6. Someone will demonstrate the game to the children. –

7. Someone was offering drinks to the guests. –

8. Someone explained the procedure to me. –

9. Someone sold the car to Tom. –

Using one was/were +Past Participle (passive) form, and one past simple (active) form, which one of the two verbs can complete both sentences in the pair?

Recall/notice catch/not mind imagine/hear dislike/keep find/dread see/like

1. a. She _____ coming into class late.

b. I _____ her carrying a yellow bag.

2. a. I ____ them taking apples from my garden.

b. They _____stealing apples from the farmer`s fields.

3. a. As he fell into the pool, he ___ himself shouting for help.

b. Jones ___ shouting at Mrs. Markham before the robbery.

4. a. I _____waiting for at least an hour

b. I ___ getting caught in the rain without an umbrella.

5. a. We ____ the bills waiting for us when we got home.

b. They _____ entering the building with knives.

6. a. We ____ the birthday presents that uncle sent

b. The children ___ playing football in the park this morning.

6.If possible, rewrite these newspaper headlines as passive sentences. Begin each sentence with It has been … that.. . If it is not possible write X after the headline.

1. Discovery that aspirin can help fight cancer.

2. Agreement that UN will send in troops.

3. Aid workers yell of massacre.

4. “Earth shrinking by ten meters each year” claim scientists.

5. Earthquake calculated to have cost $3 billion.

6. Young people encouraged to apply for government grants.

7. Reports of rebel troops entering capital.

8. Tony has taken his old car in for an inspection. The news is not good. Read what he was told and report it using a passive +to-infinitive.

1. We have discovered that the brakes are badly worn.

2. We consider that the petrol tank is dangerous.

3. We think that the electrical system is a fire hazard.

4. We expect the repairs to be very expensive indeed.