Ex 4. Match each term with the appropriate explanation

intrinsic value, bill of exchange, scarcity, durability, fiat money, nominal value, gold standard, legal tender

1. A form of money in which person has a right by law to pay a debt, and which the creditor must by law accept in settlement of the debt.

2. A monetary system under which the value of the standard unit of currency is by law made equal to a fixed weight of gold.

3. A quality of a unit of money which implies a possibility of its usage over a period of time.

4. A quality of a unit of money which implies the fact that money is a rare good, difficult to come by.

5. The value possessed by a thing because its own nature or the matter of which it is composed.

6. The value of a banknote printed on its face.

7. Paper money or coins of little or no material value in themselves and not convertible into gold but made legal tender by order of the government

8. An order requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay a sum of money to a specified person or bearer

Ex 5. Answer the questions:

1. What qualities made goods appropriate for serving as money?

2. What does the evolution of money depend on?

3. Why did metallic money replace commodity money?

4. When and where was paper money used first? Why was it abandoned?

5. What is “obligation”? what points were mentioned in these documents?

6. What did the advent of paper fiat money in Europe signify? Why?

7. What is Gold Standard? Why was it come off?

8. What is Gold Exchange Standard?

9. Has the evolution of money stopped? Prove your answer.

Ex 6. Find in the text the words and phrases that mean:

a. qualities units of money must possess to serve the functions of legal tender

b. properties of gold & silver that made them superior to other metals

c. the paper money that had no commodity value and was money only by imperial decree

d. currencies convertible into gold at a fixed price

e. types money that do not have any material form

f. the documents certifying the fact that someone owes money to someone else, used as means of payment

Ex 7. Comment on the following:

- with the intrinsic value of the coins declining, the prices of goods and services began to rise

- this paper money had no commodity value and was money only by imperial decree

- the nation states held gold reserves in central banks to ensure the credibility of their currency

- the evolution of money has not stopped

Ex 8. Increase your vocabulary.

A. Study the word combinations with the word “value”. Use them in thesentences of your own.

- cash value –денежнаястоимость

- totalvalue–общаястоимость

- commodityvalue–стоимостьтоваров

- materialvalue–материальнаястоимость

- trade (trading) value–продажнаястоимость

- face (nominal) value–номинальнаястоимость

- forvalue–заплату

- ofvalue–ценный, драгоценный

- ofsmall (little) value – малоценный

Other adjectives: final, net, current, market.
Verbs: to assess the value, to decline in value, to establish the value, to exceed in value, to increase/lose in value, to maintain its value.

B. Translate.

1. Какова общая стоимость произведенных товаров?

2. Эти услуги предоставляются за плату.

3. Активы этой компании резко упали в стоимости.

4. Даже во время кризиса эта валюта сохранила свою стоимость.

5. Эти экспонаты малоценны и не нуждаются в специальной охране.

6. Это ценные предметы, и нам нужен сейф для их хранения.

7. Стоимость товара резко повысилась из-за увеличения цен на нефть.

Writing

Task I. Write a Summary and a Gist of Text A and Text B.

Task II. Write out advantages and disadvantages of barter.

Speaking

Task I. Prepare a presentation on the History of Money. Mark the major stages of its development, illustrate with the examples of your own.

Task II. Prepare a presentation on the Forms of Money. Give examples of your own of different objects used formerly as money.

Task III. Act as an interpreter for Parts A and B.

1. Сегодня у нас в гостях известный ученый, экономист, профессор Лондонской школы бизнеса Стивен Брэдли, мы продолжаем разговор о деньгах и сегодня хотели бы остановиться на их формах. Все мы знаем, что современные формы денег отличаются от первоначальных. Наш первый вопрос, профессор, от каких факторов зависит эволюция денег? 2. Мы знаем, что деньги прошли долгий путь развития. Не могли бы вы остановиться на самых важных моментах этого пути? 3. Понятие «бумажные деньги» стало неотъемлемой частью нашей жизни. Их роль в качестве средства обращения, средства платежа и накопления была ясна, когда они могли напрямую обмениваться на золото. На чем же сейчас основывается ценность бумажных денег? 4. А как вы оцениваете появление так называемых «нематериальных денег» и их вклад в экономическое развитие общества? 5. В заключение, профессор, мы бы хотели поблагодарить вас за интересную беседу и выразить надежду на последующие встречи.

I’mreally glad… Let me start with…     I totally agree that… It’s worth mentioning… I’m sure, that …   You must bear in mind the fact that… Moreover,… I can’t but mention…   There are some points I find most interesting…     It was real pleasure taking part in this discussion…

Part 2

Text A

Student’s Success

Read the passage below and make up the appropriate heading for each paragraph.

A. Progress

B. Post School

C. Standardized Tests

D. Grades

E. Improvement