Waste disposal and recycling

1. to dispose [transitive] to get rid of something, especially something that is difficult to get rid of удалять, уничтожать, избавляться; сбрасывать; утилизировать;захоронить (отходы)

to dispose of waste / refuse / rubbish / garbage / trash / litter / fumes (in a particular place): After recycling, we must find the safest way in which to dispose of the waste. | They have no way to dispose of the hazardous waste they produce. | Solid low-level waste will be disposed of deep underground. | Engine oil cannot be disposed of down drains.| Please dispose of your litter thoughtfully. | This apparently disposes of the toxic fumes much more safely.

2. to bury [transitive] to put something in the ground and cover it with earth захоронить (отходы): Congress has tried to find a site to bury high-level nuclear wastes for decades, with a notable lack of success. | The thought of thousands of tonnes of radioactive waste being buried under their favourite stretch of countryside filled local residents with horror.

3. to recycle | to reprocess [transitive] to put used objects or materials through a special process so that they can be used again перерабатывать, подвергать переработке / повторной / вторичной обработке; утилизировать

to recycle waste(s) / waste material(s) / (waste) paper / bottles / plastics / glass / rubbish / air / water / land (into sth): The council is encouraging people to recycle their household rubbish. | The department is now advising other customers on how to recycle their waste. | The Japanese recycle more than half their waste paper. | Plastic bottles can be recycled into clothing.

to reprocess (nuclear) waste / spent (nuclear) fuel / uranium / plutonium: The plant's main function has been to reprocess uranium. | The plant will initially reprocess irradiated fuels from the country's five existing nuclear power plants. | The rationale of reprocessing spent nuclear fuel is inevitably being questioned.

4. disposal [uncountable] the act of getting rid of something удаление, уничтожение; сброс; утилизация; захоронение

waste / refuse / rubbish / garbage / trash / litter disposal | the disposal of sth удаление отходов; сброс отходов; захоронение отходов: The costs of waste disposal are rising. | In recent years, most countries have tightened their standards of waste disposal. | We are gradually developing safer and more effective methods of refuse disposal. | Congress passed a law that regulates the disposal of waste. | There is no site in the county for the disposal of hazardous waste.

nuclear-waste / radioactive waste disposal | the disposal of sth захоронение ядерных / радиоактивных отходов: It simply underlined the almost intractable dangers of nuclear waste disposal. | Sites are being selected for final disposal of radioactive waste.

sewage disposal удаление / сброс сточных вод: Not surprisingly, these sites usually lack a water supply and provision for sewage disposal. | Beaches around the world are closed regularly, often because of high amounts of bacteria from sewage disposal, and marine wildlife is beginning to suffer.

burial ground / underground disposal захоронение (отходов) в землю, подземное захоронение

space disposal | disposal into space захоронение (отходов) в космосе: For nuclear waste, disposal into space is more feasible but has been discounted on numerous occasions because of the risks.

(waste) disposal site место сброса отходов / свалки; место захоронения (отходов): Although waste disposal sites are well controlled, there is an ever present risk of pollution. | No one has yet tackled the technical problems of finding suitable disposal sites on land or at sea.

waste / rubbish disposal facility / plant | facility for waste / rubbish disposal очистная станция; очистное сооружение; завод по переработке отходов / отбросов; утилизационный завод, утилизационная установка: She added that the party would not approve the construction of nuclear waste disposal facilities. | At present the local authority has no facilities for toxic waste disposal, which must be sent elsewhere.

waste disposal system система удаления отходов: A survey will be carried out of sewage disposal systems and it is highly likely that major expenditure will be necessary. | We will improve recycling and waste-disposal systems.

5. recycling | reprocessing [uncountable] the process of treating used objects or materials so that they can be used again переработка / утилизация (отходов), повторная / вторичная обработка: Recycling is important to help protect our environment. | Recycling reduces the waste of raw materials. | Next come our policies for encouraging waste recycling. | Collecting and cleaning some types of plastic for recycling uses more energy than making new plastic.

6. recycling / reprocessing plant [countable] a place where objects or materials are changed so that they can be used again предприятие по переработке / утилизации (отходов): The same cannot be said for the San Marcos recycling plant, which could be considered more of a liability. | At the nuclear reprocessing plant they extract plutonium from spent atomic fuel rods.

7. sewer (pipe / line) [countable] an underground pipe or passage that carries sewage сточная труба; канализационная труба, (канализационный) коллектор: The sewers collected sewage and storm runoff and discharged it, untreated, into the harbour. | Today's sewers are built with an expected life of 60 years. | The best way to dispose of so much water is to pour it into the city sewer.

8. sewerage[uncountable]| sewerage / sewage / sewer system[countable] a system of pipes and passages that carry sewage канализация, канализационная система / сеть, система канализации: Engineers now realize that sewerage cannot be technically viable without a large domestic water supply. | The town has already put in a proper sewerage system. | Even waste water from water changes is not allowed to go into our sewage system during this period. | The disposal costs could include a one-time charge to dump the water permanently into the sewer system. | There were reports of fuel cuts and a breakdown of the water and sewage systems in Stepanakert. | What enthusiasts often overlook is that western communities do not always depend on sewer systems. | London owes much of its rat problems to the poorly maintained sewer systems.

9. sewage (treatment) / sewerage works(British English)| sewage farm(British English)| sewage (treatment) plant(American English)| sewage treatment facility / system [countable] a place where sewage is treated with chemicals to make it less harmful очистные сооружения, станция / сооружения очистки / по очистке сточных вод; установка для очистки / обработки сточных вод: The water companies will have to improve the performance of their sewage works or risk other claims. | A modern sewerage works was built at Tudhoe Village. | Should we close down sewage plants because they are not absolutely perfectly clean? | Demonstrating the cleaning powers of modern sewage treatment plants is something of an obsession for those who work there. | The first priority is to provide sewage treatment facilities. | Those beaches which benefit from improved sewage treatment systems are praised for their water quality.

10. recyclable (adjective) able to be recycled пригодный к повторному / неоднократному использованию: For example, glass products are completely recyclable. | A number of products are now packaged in recyclable materials. | Waste Management had a facility in Philadelphia that originally took in recyclable materials for free.

11. recycled (adjective) having been used before and then processed so that it can form a new product повторно / неоднократно использованный: This newspaper is made of recycled paper. | Recycled water can never be legally considered sewage.

12. refuse collector(British English)(formal)| dustman(British English)| dustbin man(British English)| garbage collector / garbage man(American English) [countable] someone whose job is to remove waste from dustbins мусорщик, сборщик мусора: Aylesbury's refuse collectors are out on the job around seven hours a day. | Whether one considers lawyers and doctors as more important than farm labourers and refuse collectors is simply a matter of opinion. | It was followed by a rash of local selective strikes by health-service workers, dustmen, even the grave-diggers of Liverpool. | Everybody else became a fireman or a cop or a garbage collector or truck driver. | He praised the virtues of volunteerism and made vague mention of garbage men he knows who collect trash as volunteers.

13. dust cart(British English)| dustcart(British English)| garbage truck (American English) [countable] a large vehicle that goes from house to house to collect waste from dustbins мусоровоз: And putting it in an alley can cause garbage trucks to sink up to their axles.