VI. Use the required form of the Infinitive in brackets
МИНИСТЕРСТВО АГРАРНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ И ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВИЯ
УКРАИНЫ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ АГЕНТСТВО РЫБНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА
УКРАИНЫ
КЕРЧЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МОРСКОЙ
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
Кафедра иностранных языков
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
ПО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМУ НАПРАВЛЕНИЮ
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
К практическим занятиям и по самостоятельной работе
Для студентов 2 курса
Направление 6.040106
«Экология, охрана окружающей среды
И сбалансированное природопользование»
Дневной и заочной формы обучения
Керчь, 2014 г.
УДК 81’243’276.6:502
Автор: Заболотная А.А., преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков КГМТУ.
Рецензенты: Иващенко Т.Н., старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков КГМТУ;
Методические указания рассмотрены и одобрены на заседании кафедры иностранных языков КГМТУ,
протокол № 2 от 29.10.2009 г.
Методические указания рассмотрены и рекомендованы к утверждению на заседании методической комиссией ТФ КГМТУ,
протокол № 3 от 22.12.2009 г.
Методические указания утверждены на заседании Методического совета КГМТУ, протокол № 2 от 25.12.2009 г.
Методические указания рекомендованы к переутверждению
на заседании кафедры иностранных языков КГМТУ,
протокол №4 от 18.12.2013 г.
Методические указания переутверждены на заседании методической комиссии ТФ КГМТУ, протокол №____ от _________ г.
©Керченский государственный морской
технологический университет, 2013 г.
Contents
Contents………………………………………………………………………3
Introduction………………………………………………………………….4
Part 1………………………………………………………………………….5
Unit 1. Ecology………………………………………………………………..5
Unit 2. Water pollution ……………………………………………………..9
Unit 3. Legislative measures to prevent world ocean pollution………..15
Unit 4. Soil …………………………………………………………………..22
Unit 5. Waste disposal ……………………………………………………..27
Unit 6. Air pollution ……………………………………………………….32
Unit 7. Global warming…………………………………………………….37
Unit 8. Acid rain…………………………………………………………….44
Unit 9. Toxic substances …………………………………………………..49
Unit 10. Environmental movements ……………………………………...55
Part 2. Oral speech practice……………………………………………..61
Part 3. Text for home-reading…………………………………………..67
Literature…………………………………………………………………..86
Introduction
Данные Методические указания предназначены для студентов второго курса дневной и заочной формы обучения направление 6.040106 «Экология, охрана окружающей среды и сбалансированное природопользование». Методические указания созданы на базе рабочей программы и их целью является усовершенствование лексических и грамматических навыков английского языка.
В них представлены учебно-методические материалы текстового характера, лексико-грамматической направленности и коммуникативной деятельности. Тексты, упражнения и задания направлены на расширение словарного запаса и языковой компетенции, контроль понимания прочитанного, а также на развитие навыков устной речи профессиональной направленности.
Методические указания состоят из трёх частей:
1. Первая часть состоит из 10 юнитов. Каждый юнит включает в себя текст с предтекстовыми и послетекстовыми упражнениями, упражнения лексико-грамматического характера и упражнения на развитие коммуникативной деятельности.
2. Вторая часть содержит в себе тексты, предназначенные для устной практики. Тексты адоптированные (простой уровень – 10 - 12 предложений, сложный уровень 15-18 предложений).
3. Третья часть включает в себя тексты, предназначенные для внеаудиторного чтения. Тексты взяты из современных оригинальных источников и способствуют выработке умений у студентов самостоятельно работать с текстами разной сложности, вести беседу по профессионально-ориентированной тематике. К текстам предлагаются задания творческого характера в форме дискуссий, целью которых является развитие у студентов умения выражать свою точку зрения по обсуждаемой проблеме и общаться на профессиональном уровне. При подборе текстового материала учитывалась информативность и познавательность текстов.
PART 1
UNIT 1
I. Read and translate the following group of words:
Beautiful planet, rich resources, natural resources, wild flower, picturesque views, to spend days off and holidays, to come from, scientific application, living organisms, to deal with.
II. Translate from Russian into English the following words of the same root:
Восхищение – восхищаться – восхитительный; природа – природный – природовед; наука – научный – ученый; обозначать – обозначение; взаимодействие – взаимодействовать; трансформация - трансформировать – трансформационный; использовать – использование - использованный, пользователь.
III. Read and translate the text:
Ecology
We live on a very beautiful planet – on the Earth. Our planet has very rich resources: the bright blue of the sky, fresh, crystal-clear mountain lake water, the rich green of the mountains slopes, wild flowers, picturesque views – all these sceneries of nature fill us with admiration.
That’s why those who live in cities prefer spending their days off and their holidays far from the noise of the city to be closer to nature. Perhaps they like to breathe fresh air or swim in clear water because the ecology is not so poor as in the cities.
The term “ecology” was coined in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel. This word came from two ancient Greek words: “oikos” (home) and “logos” (science). The idea of home includes our whole planet, its population, nature, animals, birds, fish, insects and all other living things and atmosphere around our planet.
Until the beginning of the 20th century it found only a modest scientific application in biology: it denoted the interrelations between living organisms and their environment.
Today, the term denoted a complex of sciences dealing with the interrelations between man and nature. Man uses natural resources as the material for his creative work and nature itself as his work shop. But he will cease to be Homo sapiens, if he doesn’t regard the consequences that may be brought about by his transforming activities, or disregards ecological problems.
Early in the beginning of the 20th century, Russian scientist Vladimir Vernadsky (1863 – 1945) pioneered work on the problems of optimizing relations between society and nature.
Vernadsky first popularized the concept of the noosphere (noos is then Greek for son). In his theory of how the Earth develops, the noosphere is the third stage in a succession of phases of development of the earth, after the geosphere (inanimate matter) and the biosphere (biological life). Just as the emergence of life fundamentally transformed the geosphere, the emergence of human cognition fundamentally transformed the biosphere.
Vernadsky filled the term with materialistic meaning: the noosphere is centred on the needs of the maturing civilization. It needs a rational organization between society and nature, rather that a spontaneous and predatory attitude which results in the deterioration of the natural environment.
IV. Words to be learnt:
resource – источник
slope – наклон, спуск
scenery – пейзаж, ландшафт
noise – шум
to coin – создавать (новые слова, неологизмы и т.д.)
to denote – обозначать, отмечать
interrelation – взаимоотношение
environment – окружающая среда
to cease – переставать, прекращать
consequence – следствие
to pioneer – открывать
emergence – появление
Exercises:
I. Find the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:
| 1. Earth | 1. дышать |
| 2. mountain | 2. появление |
| 3. to breathe | 3. наука |
| 4. fresh air | 4. общество |
| 5. science | 5. земля |
| 6. to regard | 6. последствие |
| 7. consequence | 7. гора |
| 8. environment | 8. свежий воздух |
| 9. society | 9. окружающая среда |
| 10. emergence | 10. рассматривать |
| 11. памятник | |
| 12. учёный |
II. Use the proper preposition where necessary:
1. We live … a very beautiful planet.
2. People prefer to breathe fresh air … swim … clear water.
3. The term “ecology” was coined … the German biologist Ernst Haeckel.
4. … the beginning of the 20th century it found only modest scientific application.
5. Ecology denotes a complex …sciences dealing … the interrelations … living organisms and their environment.
III. Answer the following questions:
1. Why do people prefer to spend their holidays far from the city?
2. What does the term “Ecology” mean?
3. When was the term “Ecology” coined?
4. Who pioneered work on the problems of optimizing relations between society and nature?
5. What does noosphere mean?
6. What should people do to avoid deterioration of the natural environment?
IV. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:
1. Я предпочитаю проводить каникулы вдали от города, чтобы быть ближе к природе.
2. Экология – это общая проблема всего человечества.
3. Охрана окружающей среды занимает важное место в жизни каждого человека.
4. Земля – это наш дом. Мы должны заботиться о нем.
5. Природные источники необходимо использовать рационально.
6. Некоторые виды животных и растений прекратили свое существование.
7. Защита природы стала одной из самых важных проблем современности.
8. Экология как наука очень популярна сегодня.
9. Каждый живой организм нуждается в определенных условиях для своего существования.
10. Владимир Вернадский создал работу о проблемах взаимодействия природы и общества.
V. Insert the infinitive with particle “to” before it where necessary:
1. A computer can (to analyze) data of the temperature, saltiness of water and the mass of plankton.
2. The researchers have developed the mathematical imitation model of the ecological system of the Azov sea (to define) the effect of industrial activity of the sea fisheries.
3. The mathematical imitation model will (to show) whether the pollution control installations are reliable.
4. The researchers develop models with which it is possible (to forecast) the Azov’s ecological future and take measures so that its future would (to be) a clean one in all respect.
5. People like (to breathe) fresh air or (to swim) in clear water.
6. It would (to take) only 15 years for the whole Mediterranean (to become) dead as far as marine life is concerned.
7. Our gain is (to unite) all people activity in international cooperation on the protection of the natural habitat.
8. We can (to grow) plants and trees.
9. The aim of the Greenpeace is (to protect) wildlife.
10. There are many groups in Britain, which try (to find) solutions to the problems of pollution.
VI. Use the required form of the Infinitive in brackets.
1. Life would (to be) impossible without water.
2. Some important decisions must (to make) soon.
3. You must (to dream) of it long.
4. I want (to go) to the East.
5. When sea waves rise over the normal level all the gates are (to close).
6. Waves seem (to rise) over the vessel.
7. The fish to be dressed should be perfectly fresh.
8. The role of fat is mainly to produce heat.
9. Nowadays flood can (to forecast) beforehand.
10. The young specialists were offered (to concentrate) their efforts on the construction of bridges.
VII. Read the text and discuss the interrelations between man and biosphere:
Interrelations between man and biosphere are a fairly complex nature. Man, like every other living organism, depends for his life on what the biosphere provides: water, oxygen, food and shelter. On the other hand, the biosphere is strongly affected by all sorts of human activity.
About 2000 years ago man lived in greater harmony with his environment because industry was not developed. Prehistoric man withdrew from the atmosphere only the oxygen he required for respiration. Today the situation is quite different. Modern man consumes a far greater amount of oxygen to support fires, power plants and chemical processes. The carbon dioxide produced by technological processes has greatly changed the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. The technology has introduced into the biosphere, man made radio isotopes and a wide variety of synthetic materials such as plastics, insecticides, herbicides and numerous industrial materials. These substances and materials alter the biosphere.
The problem of environmental crisis has recently assumed global proportions. Scientists say that unless some radical steps are taken, before long life on our planet may be irrevocably damaged, if not destroyed altogether.
VIII. Read and retell the dialogue:
- Excuse me, do you speak English?
- Yes, I do. Are you English? Where are you from?
- Well, I am Welsh actually. Bit I live in London now.
- And what brings you to Crimea? Are you here on business?
- No, I am on holiday. I am a tourist. You English is very good. Are you an English teacher?
- Yes, I am a teacher of English language. What about you?
- I am a doctor. But I am not a medical doctor. I am an ecologist.
- A Doctor of ecology?
- Not quite. I am a Doctor of biology. I specialize in environmental problems.
IX. Make up your own dialogues using the following words and word combinations:
1) Environment, resource, wild flower, Greenpeace, science, to spend holidays, picturesque views, people activity, cooperation, to take measures.
2) Living organism, to breathe, to pollute, to regard, fresh air, ecology, to deal with, problems of pollution, condition, deterioration.
UNIT 2
I. Read and translate the following group of words:
to be loaded with, toxic chemicals, harmful microorganisms, coastal waters, oil spill, ground waters, drinking water, poisonous water, biological diversity, acid rain.
II. Translate from Russian into English the following words of the same root:
Вода – водонепроницаемый – безводный – водопад; существование - существовать; выживание – выживать – живой; загрязнение - загрязнять – загрязненный; сельское хозяйство – селькохозяйственный; перегрузка – перегружать – перегруженный; изменение – изменять – изменчивость – изменчивый.
III. Read and translate the text:
Water pollution
Water is undoubtedly the most precious natural resource that exists on our planet. There is no life without water. All organisms contain it, some drink it and some live in it. Plants and animals require water that is pure and they cannot survive, if their water is loaded with toxic chemicals or harmful microorganisms. Water pollution can kill large numbers of fish, birds and other animals. Pollution makes streams, lakes and coastal waters unpleasant to look at, to smell and swim in. Fish and shellfish harvested from polluted waters may be unsafe to eat.
Man can live without shelter and even for some time without food. Without water he soon perishes. But not all water helps him to survive. People who ingest polluted water can become ill and if they are exposed for a long time, may develop cancer. The list of diseases that are favoured by lack of clean water is long one. It comprises diseases transmitted by contaminated water as well as diseases associated with dirt. Every year about 500 mln people suffer from diseases associated with unsafe water supplies.
Water pollution is very serious. It occurs mostly when people overload the water environment with wastes. It’s defined as contamination of streams, lakes, underground water, bays or oceans by substances harmful to living things.