Образование основных грамматических форм
Present Indefinite (Simple)
Употребление:
Настоящее простое (неопределенное) употребляется для обозначения действия, относящегося к настоящему времени:
- Для обозначения простых фактов и общих истин:
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
The Earth goes round the Sun.
I live in Moscow.
London is the capital of England.
- Для выражения повседневных, повторяющихся действий, привычек, обычаев:
I have a cup of coffee every morning.
She usually goes to bed at 11 o’clock in the evening.
They visit their parents every weekend.
Helen goes to the library once a month.
We always go to the university by bus.
- Для обозначения действия, совершающегося в момент речи, с глаголами восприятия, умственной деятельности, чувства и обладания:
I love you.
He likes strong tea.
This book belongs to my father.
I understand what you mean.
My little brother hates vegetables.
Present Simple: to work
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
| I work | I do not work | Do I work? |
| He works She works It works | He does not work She does not work It does not work | Does he work? Does she work? Does it work? |
| We work You work They work | We do not work You do not work They do not work | Do we work? Do you work? Do they work? |
do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t
Present Simple: to be
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
| I am | I am not (I’m not) | Am I? |
| He is She is It is | He is not (isn’t) She is not (isn’t) It is not (isn’t) | Is he? Is she? Is it? |
| We are You are They are | We are not (aren’t) You are not (aren’t) They are not (aren’t) | Are we? Are you? Are they? |
Past Indefinite (Simple)
Употребление:
Прошедшее простое (неопределенное) употребляется:
- Для описания завершившихся действий, происходивших в прошлом в определенное время:
I bought three CDs yesterday.
Dr Nixon worked at the Oxford University last year.
- Для описания ситуаций и состояний, имевших место в прошлом:
I had green hair for a while as a teenager.
- Для описания обычных, повторяющихся действий в прошлом:
We played football every Sunday.
When I was a student, I used to ride a bike to classes.
- Для описания ряда последовательных действий в прошлом:
He ran out of the house, crossed the road and jumped on the bus.
Mr. West came up to the house, took the key out of his pocket and opened the door.
Форма прошедшего простого (неопределенного) времени правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления к основе инфинитива окончания –ed: to talk – talked, to work – worked, to open – opened.
Если основа оканчивается на непроизносимое е, то прибавляется только -d: to live – lived, to like – liked.
Форма прошедшего простого (неопределенного) времени неправильных глаголов образуется различными способами, которые нужно запомнить или смотреть по таблице неправильных глаголов (см. Appendix) или в словаре: to speak – spoke, to meet – met, to know – knew.
Образование: to work -работать (правильный глагол);to meet –встречать (неправильный глагол)
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
| I worked/met | I did not work/meet | Did I work/meet? |
| He worked/met She worked/met It worked/met | He did not work/meet She did not work/meet It did not work/meet | Did he work/meet? Did she work/meet? Did it work/meet? |
| We worked/met You worked/met They worked/met | We did not work/meet You did not work/meet They did not work/meet | Did we work/meet? Did you work/meet? Did they work/meet? |
did not = didn’t
Past simple: to be
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
| I was | I was not (wasn’t) | Was I? |
| He was She was It was | He was not (wasn’t) She was not (wasn’t) It was not (wasn’t) | Was he? Was she? Was it? |
| We were You were They were | We were not (weren’t) You were not (weren’t) They were not (weren’t) | Were we? Were you? Were they? |