Инфинитивные обороты. I. Сложное подлежащее
| Примеры | Перевод | |||
| Переводится двумя способами: 1. Простым предложением с вводным словом, соответствующим сказуемому английского предложения. | ||||
| Heat | is known is likely is certain is found is reported is assumed is considered is expected appears seems proved | to be a form of energy. | Известно, Вероятно, Несомненно, Обнаружено, Сообщают, Допускается, Считается, Ожидается, Оказывается, Кажется, Доказано, | что тепло – это форма энергии. |
| (2) | (1) | (3) | (1), | (2) (3) |
| 2. Дополнительным придаточным предложением с союзами «что», «чтобы», «как». Инфинитив переводится личной глагольной формой. | ||||
| Heat is known to be a form of energy. (2) (1) (3) | Тепло, как известно, является формой энергии. (2) (1) (3) |
Упражнение
Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода сложного подлежащего.
1. Lightning proved to be a discharge of electricity.
2. Heat is known to be a form of energy.
3. Coal is considered to be a valuable fuel.
4. Some liquids, called electrolytes, are found to change greatly when an electric current passes through them.
5. The alternating current used for power and lighting is assumed to go through 50 cycles in one second.
6. The Fahrenheit scale is known to be used in English speaking countries.
7. Amber is said to attract and to hold minute light objects after rubbing.
8. Heat is known to pass from a hotter body to a colder one.
9. A fuse is expected to melt and break the circuit.
10. The overloading of the line is likely to produce a short circuit.
11. When electrical devices are connected so that the current flows from one device to another, they are said to be connected in series. The electrical bell circuit is considered to be a typical example of a series circuit.
12. The cyclone furnace is known to be water cooled as an adjunct to the boiler circulation system.
13. The furnace height is proved to be the function of the required furnace volume.
14. All pulverized coal fired furnaces constructed today are considered to be partially or completely water-cooled.
15. The coal is expected to fall by gravity from the bunkers through a valve into feeding chutes.
16. A glass tube filled with neon gas was found to be suitable for the use as signalling source.
17. The condensate leaving the condenser and entering the boiler feed pump is always assumed to be saturated water at the condensate pressure.
Таблица 15
Инфинитивные обороты. II. Сложное дополнение
| Примеры | Перевод |
| 1. They want (like) the plan to be fulfilled. 2. * They see (hear) the engineer leave the room. 3. * They order, allow (let), cause, force (make) this fuel to arrive (arrive) immediately. | 1. Они хотят, чтобы план был выполнен. 2. Они видят (слышат), что инженер уходит из комнаты. 3. Они приказывают (позволяют, заставляют), чтобы это топливо прибыло немедленно. Переводится придаточным предложением с союзами «что», «чтобы», «как». Инфинитив переводится личной глагольной формой. |
| * После глаголов чувственного восприятия (see, hear, feel и т. д.), а также глаголов let, make, have используется инфинитив без частицы “to”. |
Упражнение 1
Переведите предложения со сложным дополнением.
1. They expected these new installations to be widely used in various kinds of power stations.
2. We know the alternating current to flow first in one direction and then in another.
3. The students saw the thermometer mercury fall to the fixed point.
4. The induced voltage causes the current to flow and the rotor to revolve.
5. We may expect a short circuit to result from wire fault.
6. The invention of James Watt made the engine double its velocity.
7. A forced-draft fan forces the combustion air to flow through the air heater into the furnace.
8. Some stations find the cyclone furnace to be advantageous.
9. They proved the combustion in the cyclone furnace to be complete and to have practically no carbon loss.
10. The practice proved the cyclone furnace to be suitable for a wide range of coals.
11. In the burner the gas under pressure enters the furnace through a burner port and lets a flow of air pass through the port.
12. In the ring burner the gas flows through an annular ring and causes the air to flow both around and within the annulus of gas.
13. The depth of the active bed enables an adequate supply of air to penetrate the fuel bed and enter the furnace.
14. The mixing of the volatile matter with turbulent air permits the volatile matter to burn smokelessly.
15. This type of stoker lets the fine sizes of anthracite and coke breeze burn quickly and pass through a screen with very small round openings.
Упражнение 2
Переведите предложения, сравнив перевод сложного дополнения и сложного подлежащего.
1. These conditions of the burning permit large amounts of fine particles of carbon to be blown upward into the furnace.
2. These conditions of the burning are expected to permit large amounts of fine particles of carbon to be blown upward into the furnace.
3. High velocity steam jets in the furnace allow the combustion to be improved and the smoke to be reduced.
4. High velocity steam jets in the furnace proved to improve the combustion and to reduce the smoke.
Таблица 16