Much, many, (a) little, (a) few

много much time, water ,love
много many books, women, friends
много a lot of time, books, love
мало (плохо) little time, water, love
мало (хорошо) a little time, water, love
мало (плохо) few books, women, friends
мало (хорошо) a few books, women, friends
     

Вопросительные местоимения

Who – кто? Who invented the radio? Who did you invite?
Whose – чей? Whose book did you take?
What – что, чей? What did you ask? What book did you take?
Why – почему? Why did you come?
Which – который, какой, что? Which student works hard? Which of you speaks French?
When – когда? When did you come?
How many/how much? How many books have you bought? How much have you read?
Where – где, куда Where is he? Where did he go?
How often – как часто? How often do you come here?
How - как How did you get there?

Спряжение глагола to be

Present Simple

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I am Am I? I am not
He, she, it is Is he, she, it? He, she, it is not/ isn’t
We, you, they are Are we, you, they? We, you, they are not/ aren’t

Past Simple

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I, he, she, it was Was I, he, she, it? I, he, she, it was not/wasn’t
We, you, they were Were you, they, we? We, you, they were not/ weren’t

Future Simple

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I, we shall be Shall I, we be? I, we shall not/shan’t be
You, we, they will be Will you, we, they be? You, we, they will not/ won’t be

Глагол to have

Present Simple

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма
I, you, we, they have/ have got I, you, we, they don’t have/haven’t got Do I, we, you, they have? Have I, you, we, they got/
He, she, it has/ has got He, she, it doesn’t have/ hasn’t got Does he, she, it have? Has she, he, it got?

Past Simple

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I, you, he, she, it, we, they had Did I, you, he, she, it, we, they have? I, you, he, she, it, we, they didn’t have

Future Simple

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I, we shall have Shall I, we have? I, we shall not/ shan’t have
You, she, he, they will have Will you he, she, they have? You, she, he, they will not/ won’t have

Повелительное наклонение

Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма
Close the door, please! – Закройте дверь, пожалуйста! Open the window, please! – Откройте окно, пожалуйста! Don’t close the door, please! – Не закрывайте дверь, пожалуйста! Don’t open the window, please!- Не открывайте окно, пожалуйста!

Оборот There is/are

Время Утвердит. форма Вопросит. форма Отрицательн. форма
Настоящее/Present There is a lamp on the table There are some books on the table Is there a lamp on the table? Are there any books on the table? There is no/there isn’t any lamp on the table There are no/ there aren’t any books on the table
Прошедшее/ Past There was much bread in the fridge There were many books on the table Was there much bread in the fridge? Were there many books on the table? There was no/wasn’t any bread in the fridge There were no/weren’t any books on the table
Будущее/ Future There will be much snow tomorrow There will be many new houses next year Will there be much snow tomorrow? Will there be many new houses next year? There will be no/won’t be any snow tomorrow There will be no/won’t be any new houses next year

Simple Tenses

Present Simple Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I work Do I work? I don’t wok
He, she, it works Does he, she, it work? He, she, it doesn’t work
We work Do we work? We don’t work
They work Do they work? They don’t work

Сводка случаев употребления Present Simple(Indefinite)

1. Действие обычное, постоянное, свойственное подлежащему I get up at 8 o’clock Я встаю в 8 часов
2. Действие, происходящее в момент речи, с глаголами не употребляющимися в Present Continuous. (to be, to know, to understand, to think, to want, to like, to see, to hear, to have…) I don’t understand it I see a ship in the distance Я этого не понимаю Я вижу судно вдали
3. Будущее действие в придаточных предложениях условия и времени, которые вводятся союзами if, when, as soon as, before, after, till, until If he comes, I shall ask him about it. I shall go to bed when I finish my work. Если он придет, я спрошу его об этом. Я лягу спать, когда закончу свою работу.
4. Общеизвестные истины The sun rises in the east and sets in the west Солнце встает на востоке и садится на западе
5. Для выражения действия в будущем (как и настоящее время в русском языке), когда речь идет о заранее намеченном действии ( транспорт, концерт, курсы и т.п.) The train leaves at 10 o’clock When does the film start? Поезд отходит в 10 часов Когда начинается фильм?

Past Simple Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I worked/saw Did I work/see? I didn’t work/see
He, she, it worked/saw Did she, he it work/see? He, she it didn’t work/see
We worked/saw Did we work/see? He, she, it didn’t work/see
You worked/saw Did you work/see? You didn’t work/see
They worked/saw Did they work/see? They didn’t work/see

Сводка случаев употребления Past Simple

1. Действие, совершившееся в истекшем отрезке времени I met him yesterday/ last week Я встретил его вчера/ на прошлой неделе
2. Последовательные действия в прошлом He left the hotel, took a taxi and drove to the station Он вышел из гостиницы, взял такси и поехал на вокзал
3. Обычное, повторявшееся действие в прошлом Last year I went to the theatre every week В прошлом году я ходил в театр каждую неделю
4.Действия явно происходило в прошлом Mozart wrote more than 6000 pieces of music Моцарт написал более 600 произведений
5.После оборота It’s (a long time…) since… It’s two years since I last saw Joe Прошло два года с тех пор, когда я видел Джо последний раз

Future Simple Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I shall work Shall I work? I shall not/shan’t work
He, she, it will work Will she, he, it work? He, she, it will not/ won’t work
We shall work Shall we work? We shall not/shan’t work
You will work Will you work? You will not/won’t work
They will work Will they work? They will not/won’t work

Сводка случаев употребления Future Simple

1. Спонтанное решение в момент речи Oh, I have left the door open – I’ll go and shut it Я оставила дверь открытой – Я пойду и закрою её
2. Говорящий высказывает свое мнение I think/am sure/expect he will come home late Я думаю/уверен/ожидаю, что он придет домой поздно
3. Говорящий ожидает распоряжений Shall I read? Shall we come at 9? Мне читать? Нам приходить в 9?
4. Вежливая просьба Will you close the door, please? Закройте дверь, пожалуйста

CONTINUOUS TENSES

Выражает действие, протекающее (длящееся) в момент речи или в период настоящего времени, в какой-либо момент (период) прошедшего времени или будущего времени.

Утвердительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующей форме и Participle I смыслового глагола.

I am writing a letter now.

Я пишу письмо сейчас.

He was working in the garden at that moment.

В тот момент он работал в саду.

I shall be reading at seven o’clock tomorrow.

Завтра в семь часов я буду читать.

Present Continuous Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I am reading Am I reading? I am not reading
He is reading Is he reading? He is not reading
She is reading Is she reading? She is not reading
     
We are reading Are we reading? We are not reading
You are reading Are you reading? You are not reading
They are reading Are they reading? They are not reading

Past Continuous Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I was reading Was I reading? I was not reading
He was reading Was he reading? He was not reading
She was reading Was she reading? She was not reading
     
We were reading Were we reading? We were not reading
You were reading Were you reading? You were not reading
They were reading Were they reading? They were not reading

Future Continuous Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Вопросительная форма
I shall be reading Shall I be reading? I shall not be reading
He will be reading Will he be reading? He will not be reading
She will be reading Will she be reading? She will not be reading
     
We shall be reading Shall we be reading? We shall not be reading
You will be reading Will you be reading? You will not be reading
They will be reading Will they be reading? They will not be reading

PERFECT TENSES

Основное ее значение – это выражение связи прошедшего действия с настоящим временем или предшествования действия какому-либо моменту или периоду прошедшего или будущего времени.

Утвердительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола haveв настоящем или прошедшем времени и Participle II смыслового глагола.

He has broken the cup.

Он разбил чашку.

I had received a telegram before he came.

Я получил телеграмму до того, как он пришел.

You will have translated the article by seven o’clock.

Ты переведешь эту статью к семи часам.

Это временная форма обычно выражает наличие какого-либо результата действия, который может наблюдаться в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени.

I have already bought a new pen.

Я уже купил новую ручку. (К настоящему моменту она у меня есть)

Present Perfect Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I have seen Have I seen? I have not seen
He has seen Has he seen? He has not seen
She has seen Has she seen? She has not seen
     
We have seen Have we seen? We have not seen
You have seen Have you seen? You have not seen
They have seen Have they seen? They have not seen

Past Perfect Tense

Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма
I had written Had I written? I had not written
He had written Had he written? He had not written
She had written Had she written? She had not written
     
We had written Had we written? We had not written
You had written Had you written? You had not written
They had written Had they written? They had not written

Future Perfect Tense

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