Образование страдательного залога
 |  |
+
(be) (Past Participle)
Видо-временные формы страдательного залога
| Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| Present | Am Is (done) Are | Am Is being (done) Are | Have, has been (done) | |
| Past | Was Were (done) | Had been (done) | ||
| Future | Will Shall be (done) | Shall Will have been (done) | ||
| Future in the past | Should Would be (done) | Should Would been (done) |
Как видно из таблицы, Passive Voice употребляется во всех временных формах Indefinite и Perfect имеет две формы Continuous: Present Continuous и Past Continuous. Формы Perfect Continuous у Passive Voice отсутствуют.
Чтобы показать, кем (чем) совершается действие, используются предлоги:
| By перед одушевленным предметом, а также после глаголов типа: damage, make, discover, write etc. | With указывается, какой предмет, орудие, инструмент использован для совершения действия. |
| 1. This building was designed by Rossi. 2. He was brought up by his aunt. 3. The window was broken by this stone. 4. The theatre was destroyed by fire. | 1. He was killed with a knife. 2. It was drawn with a stick. 3. The bag was cut with a razor. 4. The stone is very soft. It can be cut with a knife. |
Непереходные глаголы не могут быть использованы в страдательном залоге, поскольку при них нет прямых дополнений: to fly, to arrive, to be, to become, to have, to lack, to possess, to consist, to belong, to hold, to suit, to resemble, to fit, to appear, to seem, to come, to go, to last.
The hall holds 500 people. – Зал вмещает 500 человек.
My shoes don’t fit me. – Туфли мне не подходят.
She resembles a Greek goodness. – Она похожа на греческую богиню.
My mother lacks tact. – У мамы не хватает такта.
Перевод глаголов с предлогами в страдательном залоге:
1. This book is much spoken about. – Об этой книге много говорят.
2. The doctor has been sent for. – За доктором послали.
3. He has never been heard of since. – О нем никогда больше не слышали с тех пор.
4. He is often laughed. – Над ним часто смеются.
5. He can’t be relied on. – На него нельзя положиться.
6. I haven’t been informed about it. – Мне об этом не сообщили.
7. We were asked to wait. – Нас попросили подождать.
8. He was operated on last night. – Его оперировали прошлой ночью.
Упражнение 61
Поставьте предложения в Passive Voice.
1. I wrote the letter. 2. I use a computer at work. 3. They are building the new shop. 4. The group of tourists examined the cave. 5. Mother has made a cake. 6. Tolstoy wrote this famous novel. 7. Peter is writing his report. 8. They use a map to find the way. 9. He has hurt his leg. 10. The secretary will book a room for him.
Упражнение 62
Напишите возможные предложения.
1. They offered him a good job.
The god job …
He …
2. He told me this story.
This story …
I …
3. He paid them for their work.
Their work …
They …
4. A woman showed him the way.
The way …
He …
5. The director gave them instructions.
The instructions …
They …
Упражнение 63
Перепишите текст в Passive Voice.
1. Tom and Mary took the decision to redecorate their living-room. 2. They bought new furniture, curtains and paintings. 3. Then they asked their friends for help. 4. They started redecoration. 5. Tom took old furniture away. 6. Ann painted the walls. 7. Their friends cleaned everything. 8. They washed windows. 9. Finally, they hung new curtains.
Сложное дополнение
Complex Object
После ряда глаголов в английском языке может употребляться сложное дополнение (Complex Object), которое состоит из существительного в общем падеже (или же местоимения в объектном падеже, отвечающем на вопрос whom?) и инфинитива (или же причастия настоящего времени (Participle1) смыслового глагола (-ing).
Noun (Pronoun) + V inf (do)
Noun (Pronoun) + Ving (doing)
1. Сложное дополнение обычно употребляется после следующих глаголов и фраз: