Лексический минимум к модулю II
(Living in a big city)
| accommodation (n) | ecology (n) environment (n) |
| advantage (n) | expensive (adj) |
| advantage of (over) | feed (v) (fed) |
| air (n) | feel (v) (felt) |
| fresh air | feel bored |
| be able to do smth | feel lonely |
| beauty (n) | find (v) (found) |
| breathe (v) | find accommodation |
| cheap (adj) | fine (n) (v) |
| choice (n) | fume (n) |
| wide choice | garbage (n) |
| city (n) | garbage can |
| city centre | gas mask |
| city-dweller (n) | hang (v) (hung) |
| control (v) | harm (n) (v) |
| country (n) | hurt (v) (hurt) |
| in the country | jail (n) |
| countryside (n) in the countryside | job (n) have a job |
| crowd (n) | well-paid job |
| crowd (v) | litter (n) |
| danger (n) | litterbug (n) |
| disease (n) | look for (v) |
| lungs (n) | punish(v) |
| noise (n) | relax (v) |
| noisy (adj) | rush hour |
| particularly (adv) | space (n) |
| pollute (v) | open space |
| polluted (p.II) | spoil (v) |
| pollution (n) | town (n) |
| prefer (v) | home town |
| prefer peace | ugly (adj) |
| |
Appendix 1
Supplementary texts
(Living in a big city)
TEXT № 1
First Impression
Diana Weston from Brooklyn, New York
«My first impression of Britain is that people are much more formal. For example, in the States we use first names almost immediately but here I have to be more careful. And British people are generally more polite.
A New Yorker says: “Give me the check, will you!” when he finishes a meal but here in Britain they say: “Excuse me. Do you think you could give me the bill?”
I don’t find a lot of difference in prices. They’re about the same as in the States. It’s the same with accommodation. I think it’s a bit cheaper in London than in New York but there’s not a lot of difference. One thing is clear, London is not as violent as New York. Some friends of mine who live in the Bronx have four locks on their door became they don’t feel safe even at their homes.
I prefer the subway here. It’s cleaner and quieter. On the whole I think London is more polluted than New York.
When it comes to work and business, my impression is that the British are much less hardworking than Americans. Sometimes I think the British don’t know what a day’s work means.»
Mr Yama from Osaka
«The prices here are about the same as in Japan, except for accommodation. In Japan the cost of accommodation is very high, much higher than in Britain. You also get more for your money here. For example, the houses, the flats and the gardens are much bigger. There is more open space here, too. In London there are lots of parks and the city isn’t as polluted as Tokyo. However, I think society here is more violent. You read every day in the newspapers about some violence on the streets.
As for the people, I think the British are less formal, not only in the way they behave, but also in the way they dress. People wear much more informal clothes here than in Japan.
When it comes to business, the Japanese work longer hours than the British, often twelve hours a day. But the interesting thing is that the British change jobs much more frequently than we do. In Japan you usually stay in the same company for your whole working life.»
Слова к тексту:
1. impression (n) [ım´pre∫n] – впечатление
2. formal (adj) [fכ:ml] – официальный, правильный
3. careful (adj) [kεəfl] – внимательный, осторожный
4. price (n) [praıs] – цена
5. about (prep) [ə´baut] – примерно, приблизительно
6. violence (n) [´vaıələns] – насилие, жестокость
7. violent (adj) [´vaıələnt] – жестокий, склонный к насилию
8. a bit [bıt] – немного
9. polite (adj) [pə´laıt] – вежливый
10. Brooklyn, Bronx (n) – Бруклин, Бронкс –
районы Нью-Йорка
11. lock (n) [lכk] – замок, запор
12. subway (n) [´sLbweı] – метро
13. hardworking (adj) [hα:d´wə:kıη] – трудолюбивый
14. except for [ık´sept] – за исключением, кроме того
15. society (n) [sə´saıətı] – общество
16. behave (v) [bı´heıv] – вести себя
17. frequently (adv) [´frı:kwəntlı] – часто
18. attitude (n) [´ætıtju:d] – отношение
19. bill (n) [bıl] – счет
Заполните таблицу, используя информацию текста, и сравните впечатления двух людей: в каких областях они имеют одинаковые или различные точки зрения на жизнь в Великобритании.
| Britain | An American view | A Japanese view |
| 1. People 2. Clothes 3. Prices 4. Accommodation 5. Violence 6. Pollution 7. Business attitude | more formal | less formal |
TEXT № 2
Moscow
Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the biggest and most beautiful cities in the world.
Moscow is a modern city now. The population of the city is about
9.5 million people. Moscow is a political centre, where the government of our country works.
Moscow was founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky. The total area of Moscow is about nine hundred square kilometres.
We say that Moscow is a port of five seas, as the Moscow-Volga Canal links Moscow with the Baltic, White, Caspian and Black seas and the Sea of Azov.
Moscow is an industrial centre too. There are many factories and plants in it. One of the best known plants produces many lorries, and the other one produces cars.
Moscow is a cultural centre. There are a lot of theatres, museums, institutes, libraries and cinemas in Moscow. The Bolshoi Theatre is one of the most famous theatres all over the world.
If you are fond of painting, you can go to the Tretyakov Art Gallery or to the Pushkin Fine Arts Museum and see a lot of interesting portraits and landscapes there. We say the Tretyakov Art Gallery is a treasure-house of Russian art.
Young people like to visit the Central Military Museum. There are many tanks, guns and war documents there.
One can see the Kremlin and Red Square in the city. There are many fine buildings, wide streets, green parks, large squares, churches and monuments in Moscow. It is necessary to mention such famous monuments as monuments to the great Russian writer Alexander Pushkin and to the first Russian printer Ivan Fedorov.
Visiting the capital a lot of foreigners from all over the world come to see these monuments. One of the highest buildings in Moscow is the State Moscow University. It was founded in 1755 by the great scientist Mikhail Lomonosov.
Transport... Moscow is a very big city and its transport must be comfortable and fast. One can see a lot of cars, buses, trolleybuses, trams in the streets of our city. The Moscow metro began its work on the 15th of May, 1935. There were 13 stations at that time. Now it has 190 stations. Our metro is a beautiful and convenient one. There are nine railway stations in Moscow and some airports around the city.
There are many stadiums in Moscow. The Central Stadium is in Luzhniki. Many competitions and football matches are held there. The Olympic village was built for the 22nd Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980. It is a big complex for sport games.
I live in Moscow and I am proud of this city.
Слова к тексту:
| be proud of | – гордиться |
| government (n) | – правительство |
| link (v) | – соединять |
| landscape (n) | – пейзаж |
| mention (v) | – упоминать |
| foreigner (n) | – иностранец |
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What is the capital of Russia?
2. Moscow is a port of five seas, isn't it?
3. Is Moscow a modern city?
4. Are there many plants in Moscow?
5. Have you ever visited Tretyakov Gallery?
6. What do you know about the State Moscow University?
7. There are many kinds of transport in Moscow, aren't there?
8. How many stations has the Moscow metro got?
9. When was the Olympic village built?
10. Do you like Moscow?
TEXT № 3
Living in the Skies