II. Explanation Infinitive, Gerund and Participle.

Short content of the lesson

I. Checking up the home task

II. Explanation of “Infinitive, Gerund, Participle”

III. Consolidation of grammar

IV. Reading: “Science: Coursework or research”.

V. Grammar test.

II. Explanation Infinitive, Gerund and Participle.

Non-finite forms of the verb (Verbals) Неличные формы глагола

К неличным формам глагола относятся: the Infinitive (инфинитив), the Participle (причастие), the Gerund (герундий).

Неличные формы глагола не могут выражать наклонение, категорию лица и числа и не могут самостоятельно выступать в качестве сказуемого в предложении.

Характерной чертой неличных форм является то, что они обладают как глагольными, так и именными свойствами.

The infinitive / Инфинитив

TENSE	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Indefinite	to help	to be helped
Continious	to be helping	—
Perfect	to have helped	to have been helped
Perfect Continuous	to have been helping	—
1 am glad to help him. lam glad to be helping him. 1 am glad to have helped him. 1 am glad to have been helping him. J am glad to be helped. 1 am glad to have been helped.	Я рад помочь ему. Я рад, что сейчас помогаю ему. Я рад, что помог ему. Я рад, что помогал ему (на протяжении некоторого времени). Я рад, что мне помогают. Я_рад, что мне помогли.

Инфинитив — неличная форма глагола, которая только называет действие и выполняет функции как глагола, так и существительного.

ex. He liked to read books in the evenings. I'm very glad to see you.

Перед инфинитивом обычно употребляется частица to.

ex. He wants to be an economist.

Частица to иногда опускается, и инфинитив употребляется без нее в следующих случаях:

1. после модальных и вспомогательных глаголов: must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), do (did), need:

ex. Shall we visit our friends tonight?

May I come in? He must be at home now.

2. после глаголов: to let, to make, to see, to hear, to notice, to watch, to feel, а также иногда после глагола to help:

ex. Let me see! What makes you do so? I noticed him pass a note to his friend. She helped him do it. (She helped him to do it.)

Чтобы избежать повторения ранее упомянутого глагола, в конце предложения может употребляться лишь частица to..

ex. He wants me to conduct this survey but I don't want to. I did what you had asked me to(do).

Отрицательная форма инфинитива образуется при помощи частицы not, которая стоит перед ним.

ex. To be or not to be.

Инфинитив может иметь дополнение и может определяться наречием.

ex. I like to read books about adventures. He asked me to do this work quicker.

Формы инфинитива. Инфинитив в английском языке может иметь различные формы.

Инфинитив в форме Indefinite (как Active, так и Passive) обозначает действие, которое происходит одновременно с действием, выраженным глаголом в личной форме. Это действие может относиться к будущему времени или быть безотносительным ко времени его совершения.

1. Indefinite Infinitive Active представлен первой основной формой глагола: to be, to go, to write, to do, etc.

ex. She wants me to help her with the course paper.

2. Indefinite Infinitive Passive образуется с помощью инфинитива глагола to be и третьей формы смыслового глагола:

to be written, to be done, etc.

ex. He ordered the research papers to be finished.

3. Инфинитив в форме Continuous употребляется для выражения длительного действия, протекающего

одновременно с действием, выраженным глаголом в личной форме. Continuous Infinitive образуется с помощью инфинитива глагола to be и формы Present Participle смыслового глагола: to be going, to be doing, etc.

ex. The weather is said to be changing. Говорят, что погода меняется.

4. Инфинитив в форме Perfect обозначает действие, предшествующее действию, выраженному глаголом в

личной форме. Perfect Infinitive Active образуется с помощью инфинитива глагола to have и третьей формы

смыслового глагола: to have written, to have done, etc.

ex. I'm pleased to have met him.

Функции инфинитива в предложении. Инфинитив может служить в предложении:

1. Подлежащим:

ex. To travel by sea is a pleasant thing. It's high time to go home.

2. Именной частью составного сказуемого:
ex. Your task is to put up the tent.

3. Дополнением:

ex. I want to show you the house where I was born.

4. Определением:

ex. He brought me a book to read.

5. Обстоятельством:

ex. He is too young to travel around the world. I have come here totalk to you.

III. CONSOLIDATION OF GRAMMAR.

Complete each sentence with one of the following verbs (in the correct form):

~~answer~~- apply be forget listen live lose make read try use write

1 He tried to avoid........ answering..... my question.

2 Could you please stop.................................... so much noise?

3 I enjoy................................. to music.

4 I considered.................................. for the job, but in the end I decided against it.

5 Have you finished.................................. the newspaper yet?

6 We need to change our routine. We can't go on........................................ like this.

7 I don't mind you................................... the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.

8 My memory is getting worse. I keep...................................... things.

9 I've put off................................. the letter so many times. I really must do it today.

10 What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody........................................ so stupid?

11 I've given up.................................. to lose weight - it's impossible.

12 If you invest your money on the stock market, you risk....................................... it.

IV. READING

There are two main kinds of postgraduate study: coursework and research. Coursework is generally more applied in nature and of a shorter duration, and is suited for people who wish to enchance their career options in many walks of life. Research degrees are ideally suited for graduates wishing to enter academic life or to work as a researcher in their chosen field.

COURSEWORK

Coursework study at postgraduate level is basically a continuation of the type of study usually found in a Bachelor degree, but at a more advanced level. In other words, students complete a set course of postgraduate subjects, each worth a pre-determined number of credit points, in a combination of attending lectures, going to tutorials, handing in assignments, and sitting examinations. A small research thesis may %m a part of the degree (up to one third), but fee program is essentially coursework. Students generally follow a structured study schedule, enrolling at the main start dates of Teaching Period (Semester) One, or Teaching Period (Semester) Two.

The main types of coursework programs available at JCU include Professional Doctorates, Masters (by coursework). Graduate Diplomas and Graduate Certificates and Postgraduate Diplomas and Postgraduate Certificates. The difference between these Graduate and Postgraduate qualifications is that students must already have an undergraduate degree in the same discipline in order to enter a Postgraduate Certificate or Diploma, whereas graduates of a wider range of disciplines may enter Graduate Certificates or Diplomas. Some coursework Masters are conversion programs which allow entry to students who have a Bachelor degree in a different area of study, for example, a graduate of a Business degree may enter JCU's Master of Teaching, or an Arts graduate may enter the Master of Professional Accounting.

RESEARCH

Research degrees are a program of supervised original research in a chosen discipline, culminating in the completion of a supervised thesis which shows detailed knowledge of the subject matter, independent thought and effective research skills (for a Masters), while to gain a PhD, candidates must also demonstrate the ability for critical analysis and research, and make a significant and original contribution to the knowledge and understanding of the field of study.

Students wishing to undertake research programs must first confirm that JCU has an academic team available who can supervise their research, and that we can match up the student's research interest with the expertise of our academic staff.

As this is such a personalised process, it is very flexible in terms of start dates, and in some cases even location, as students can negotiate with their supervisor to do part of their fieldwork in their home country. It is also possible to negotiate co-tutelle (conjoint degree) arrangements where your degree is jointly awarded by JCU and an institution in your home country. Such arrangements are negotiated on a case by case basis.

Higher research degrees at JCU include Masters (by research) and Doctors of Philosophy (PhD). Some professional doctorates are also classified as research if the research component comprises at least two thirds of the total program, for example the Doctor of Public Health.

V. GRAMMAR TEST.

1) Выберите правильный вопрос: ….studies at College?

a) whose of you

b) which of you

c) what of you

d) when of you

2) Выберите ответ на данный вопрос: Who cooks at your home?

a) The mother isn’t

b) The mother is

c) The mother does

d) my mother cook

3) Выберите слово, противоположное слову “seldom”

a) usually

b) never

c) sometimes

d) often

4) Выберите слово, имеющее общее значение.

a) engineer

b) teacher

c) doctor

d) r specialty

5) Выберите правильный эквивалент предложения: Он любит свою специальность.

a) He likes his specialty.

b) He meets a lot of people.

c) He works outside.

d) He has animals

GLOSSARY

English	Russian	Kazakh
Assignment	Назначение, приписывание	Белгілеу
Thesis	Тезис	Тезис (баяндаманың, шығарманың т.б. қысқа желісі)
Qualification	Квалификация	Біліктілік
Range	Ряд	Қатар
To enter	Поступать (в ВУЗ)	Түсу (жоғары оқу орнына)
To culminate	Достигнуть	Жету (белгілі бір мақсатқа)
Contribution	Статья	Мақала
Flexible	Гибкий	Бейімді, ыңғайлы
Conjoint	Соединенный, объединенный	Қосылған, байланыстырылған