Long-term Viability and Risks
In areas where there is long-term steam production, thermal plants can thrive and produce many megawatts of clean, renewable power. In these scenarios, plants quickly recoup initial costs. However, environmental factors can sometimes lead to a reduction in steam in a region, forcing companies to take the risk of potentially losing their investment. Lack of equipment or qualified personnel and the relative financial security of fossil fuel extraction by comparison serve as an added disadvantage, hampering the continued expansion of thermal power.
Environment Pollution
Environment pollution is one of the biggest threat to our current way of life. There are a number of sources of environment pollution, including air pollution, water pollution, ground water pollution, and land pollution. Of course noise pollution is another growing source of problematic pollution in our world as well.
Water pollution contaminates everything from the sea life to the sea grasses and flora that support the sea life. Our waters have become so polluted that fish harvesting and even swimming have become significantly dangerous. The Hudson River became so polluted that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned the eating of all sea life harvested from the river in the 70s and 80s at various points.
Water pollution reached levels that were so high that lead to a major movement to “Save the Bay.” The Chesapeake Bay lost most of its natural grasses, which hurt the blue crab and oyster populations. This cut into the watermen’s ability to produce a reasonable living while also cutting sea life populations down to dangerously low levels. It took nearly a decade to reproduce the sea grasses that were demolished through human activity. Boating, dumping, and overharvesting all played a role in reducing the bay’s ability to filter the pollutants and produce healthy grasses.
Land pollution and water pollution are interconnected. Land pollution is a hazardous form of environment pollution that affects everything from our drinking water to our crops to our natural ecosystems. Land pollution can be caused by runoff from the roadways, hazardous chemicals that most households use on a regular basis, and construction sites. Natural waste can also cause environment pollution that affects our ground water, making it highly dangerous to drink unfiltered. Microbes can enter the digestive tract and cause illness. These microbes can come from unprocessed waste that can seep into the groundwater and cause serious implications.
Environment pollution that comes from land pollution is a serious problem for natural ecosystems. Mining can cause the destruction of trees, streams, and the life that is supported by these elements. As the ecosystem is destroyed, the entire ecosystem from insects to large animals find that they do not have enough food or drinkable water and starve to death.
With more construction, industrial pollution, ground water threats, and air pollution causes, nearly everything we do has an environmental impact. Environment pollution is a chronic, widespread problem that seems no longer containable. Our cars, our electricity needs, and our housing needs all contribute to the destruction of our natural environment.
Saving the planet from destruction requires immediate action on everyone’s part.
Land Pollution
Air pollution is a common problem worldwide. Land pollution is the direct result of the activities that humans engage in.
There are a number of major sources of land pollution, not counting the general litter and trash that people choose not the throw away in a proper receptacle. Among these major sources are burial sources, insecticides and pesticides, construction wastes, human waste, herbicides, and mining waste.
Herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides are harmful to more than what they are designed to kill or deflect. When used in large quantities these products can pollute groundwater drinking supplies as well as rivers and streams. Moreover, they pollute the ground and land surrounding the area they are used. While these products were originally produced to save the farmers’ crops, residential use is at an all time high and the land pollution effects are severe.
Construction waste is responsible for several types of land pollution. The soil dumping, which is often removed from a construction site and dumped into a nearby river or bay, interferes with the natural filtration process that is necessary to keep the waterways cleaner. On top of that, the oils, paints, and toxic chemicals which are often dumped or run off the construction site cause major land pollution problems as well as water pollution problems.
The acid that drains from mines is terrible for the surrounding environment. In the process of mining, gases are released from the ground and the composite chemicals are left to run through the wild habitats, killing off wildlife and aquatic life, both vegetation and animal. Mining has been a core industry of some areas for decades, and the urge to offer cleaner mining techniques is now so vital that refusing to do so could endanger entire states’ health prospects.
The biggest problem that land pollution creates is the impact it has on the surrounding environments. Every form of land pollution kills off the habitats of land animals as well as aquatic life. The more we deplete these habitats the more the ecosystem is thrown out of balance.
Without a well balanced ecosystem, more animals die from overpopulation to under population. Aside from the moral issues associated with this, the survival of the ecosystem is vital to human survival. We depend on the ecosystem to provide more than merely the air we breathe, but to provide a wealth and richness that we thrive upon.
Land pollution is often visible, we can see deforestation, the effects of mining as the surrounding trees die off, and we can smell the effects on our shorelines and within our cities.
ТАБЛИЦА ВРЕМЕН АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА
| Simple (Indefinite) | |||||||
| утвердительные | вопросы | отрицания | |||||
| Present | V1 | do does | V1 | do does | not | V1 | |
| Past | V2 | did | did | ||||
| Future | will | V1 | will | will | |||
| ключевые слова: | Present Simple | usually, always, often, every day, never | |||||
| Past Simple | last week, yesterday, last month, days ago, the other day, long time ago | ||||||
| Future Simple | soon, tomorrow, next Monday, in the future | ||||||
| примеры: | Present Simple | Every day I go to school. He always goes there as he works as a teacher. Where do you usually go on hollidays? | |||||
| Past Simple | Yesterday we went to the cinema. When I was young I usually lived in France. What time did he get up this morning? | ||||||
| Future Simple | I'll visit my aunt tomorrow. Will you read this book? He won't do this as he is too lazy. | ||||||
| Continuous | |||||
| утвердительные / вопросы / отрицания | |||||
| Present | am is are | Ving | |||
| Past | was were | ||||
| Future | will | be | |||
| ключевые слова: | Present Continuous | still, at the moment, at present, this minute | |||
| Past Continuous | at six o'clock yesterday, when my father came, while | ||||
| Future Continuous | when she arrives, at 7 next Monday | ||||
| примеры: | Present Continuous | We are sitting at the moment. What are you doing under the table? She isn't working at the moment. | |||
| Past Continuous | We were playing tennis when the rain started. He was doing test while I was reading a book. | ||||
| Future Continuous | Will you be playing tennis when I come? Tomorrow at six I'll be writing letters. | ||||
| Perfect | |||||
| утвердительные / вопросы / отрицания | |||||
| Present | have has | V3 | |||
| Past | had | ||||
| Future | will | have | |||
| ключевые слова: | Present Perfect | since, for, ever, never, just, already | |||
| Past Perfect | when we arrived, yesterday at four, before | ||||
| Future Perfect | by the time, tomorrow at eight. | ||||
| примеры: | Present Perfect | I have never seen her before. We've just had lunch. | |||
| Past Perfect | I didn't know who she was. I'd never seen her before. Had he already gone when you arrived? | ||||
| Future Perfect | The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema. Next year they will have been married for 25 years. | ||||
| Perfect Continuous | ||||
| утвердительные / вопросы / отрицания | ||||
| Present | have has | been | Ving | |
| Past | had | |||
| Future | will | have | ||
| ключевые слова: | Present Perfect Continuous | how long, for, since, all day, before | ||
| Past Perfect Continuous | ||||
| Future Perfect Continuous | ||||
| примеры: | Present Perfect Continuous | My hands are dirty. I've been repairing the car. What have you been doing since we last met? | ||
| Past Perfect Continuous | The ground was wet. It had been raining before. | |||
| Future Perfect Continuous | Tomorrow I'll be tired as I'll have been working hard this evening. | |||
ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
| Инфинитив | Прошедшее время | Причастие прошедшего времени | Перевод |
| A | |||
| abide | abode; abided | abode; abided | пребывать; держаться |
| arise | arose | arisen | подняться; возникнуть |
| awake | awoke | awaked; awoke | будить; проснуться |
| B | |||
| backbite | backbitten | backbitten | клеветать |
| backslide | backslid | backslid | отпадать |
| be | was; were | been | быть; нести; родить |
| bear | bore | born; borne | родить |
| beat | beat | beaten | бить |
| become | became | become | стать; сделаться |
| befall | befell | befallen | случиться |
| beget | begot; begat | begotten | порождать |
| begin | began | begun | начать |
| begird | begirt | begirt | опоясывать |
| behold | beheld | beheld | зреть |
| bend | bent | bent; bended | согнуть(ся) |
| bereave | bereft; bereaved | bereft; bereaved | лишать |
| beseech | besought; beseeched | besought; beseeched | умолять; упрашивать |
| beset | beset | beset | осаждать |
| bespeak | bespoke | bespoke; bespoken | заказывать |
| bespit | bespat | bespat | заплевывать |
| bestride | bestrode | bestridden | садиться; сидеть верхом |
| bet | bet; betted | bet; betted | держать пари |
| betake | betook | betaken | приниматься; отправляться |
| bid | bad; bade; bid | bid; bidden | велеть; просить |
| bind | bound | bound | связать |
| bite | bit | bit; bitten | кусать |
| bleed | bled | bled | кровоточить |
| bless | blessed | blessed; blest | благословлять |
| blow | blew | blown; blowed | дуть |
| break | broke | broken | (с)ломать |
| breed | bred | bred | выращивать |
| bring | brought | brought | принести |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | распространять; разбрасывать |
| browbeat | browbeat | browbeaten | запугивать |
| build | built | built | строить |
| burn | burnt; burned | burnt; burned | жечь; гореть |
| burst | burst | burst | разразиться; взорваться |
| bust | bust; busted | bust; busted | разжаловать |
| buy | bought | bought | купить |
| C | |||
| can | could | - / been able | мочь; уметь |
| cast | cast | cast | кинуть; лить металл |
| catch | caught | caught | ловить; поймать |
| chide | chid; chided | chid; chided; chidden | бранить |
| choose | chose | chosen | выбрать |
| cleave | clove; cleft; cleaved | cloven; cleft; cleaved | рассечь |
| cling | clung | clung | цепляться; льнуть |
| come | came | come | прийти |
| cost | cost | cost | стоить |
| countersink | countersank | countersunk | зенковать |
| creep | crept | crept | ползти |
| crow | crowed; crew | crowed | петь (о петухе) |
| cut | cut | cut | резать |
| D | |||
| dare | durst; dared | dared | сметь |
| deal | dealt | dealt | иметь дело |
| dig | dug | dug | копать |
| dive | dived; dove | dived | нырять; погружаться |
| do | did | done | делать |
| draw | drew | drawn | тащить; рисовать |
| dream | dreamt; dreamed | dreamt; dreamed | грезить; мечтать |
| drink | drank | drunk | пить; выпить |
| drive | drove | driven | гнать; ехать |
| dwell | dwelt | dwelt | обитать; задерживаться |
| E | |||
| eat | ate | eaten | кушать; есть |
| F | |||
| fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| feed | fed | fed | кормить |
| feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
| fight | fought | fought | сражаться |
| find | found | found | находить |
| flee | fled | fled | бежать; спасаться |
| fling | flung | flung | бросить |
| floodlight | floodlighted; floodlit | floodlighted; floodlit | освещать прожектором |
| fly | flew | flown | летать |
| forbear | forbore | forborne | воздерживаться |
| forbid | forbad; forbade | forbidden | запретить |
| forecast | forecast; forecasted | forecast; forecasted | предсказывать |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | предвидеть |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | предсказывать |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | забыть |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | простить |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | покидать |
| forswear | forswore | forsworn | отрекаться |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзнуть; замораживать |
| G | |||
| gainsay | gainsaid | gainsaid | отрицать; противоречить |
| get | got | got | получить |
| gild | gilt; gilded | gilt; gilded | позолотить |
| gird | girded; girt | girded; girt | опоясывать |
| give | gave | given | дать |
| go | went | gone | идти; уходить |
| grave | graved | graved; graven | гравировать |
| grind | ground | ground | точить; молоть |
| grow | grew | grown | расти |
| H | |||
| hamstring | hamstringed; hamstrung | hamstringed; hamstrung | подрезать поджилки |
| hang | hung; hanged | hung; hanged | висеть; повесить |
| have | had | had | иметь |
| hear | heard | heard | слушать |
| heave | heaved; hove | heaved; hove | подымать(ся) |
| hew | hewed/td> | hewed; hewn | рубить; тесать |
| hide | hid | hidden | прятать(ся) |
| hit | hit | hit | ударить; попасть |
| hold | held | held | держать |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | причинить боль |
| I | |||
| inlay | inlaid | inlaid | вкладывать; выстилать |
| input | input; inputted | input; inputted | входить |
| inset | inset | inset | вставлять; вкладывать |
| interweave | interwove | interwoven | воткать |
| K | |||
| keep | kept | kept | хранить |
| ken | kenned; kent | kenned | знать; узнавать по виду |
| kneel | knelt; kneeled | knelt; kneeled | становиться на колени |
| knit | knit; knitted | knit; knitted | вязать |
| know | knew | known | знать |
| L | |||
| lade | laded | laded; laden | грузить |
| lay | laid | laid | класть; положить |
| lead | led | led | вести |
| lean | leant; leaned | leant; leaned | опереться; прислониться |
| leap | leapt; leaped | leapt; leaped | прыгать |
| learn | learnt; learned | learnt; learned | учить |
| leave | left | left | оставить |
| lend | lent | lent | одолжить |
| let | let | let | пустить; дать |
| lie | lay | lain | лежать |
| light | lit; lighted | lit; lighted | осветить |
| lose | lost | lost | терять |
| M | |||
| make | made | made | делать |
| may | might | might | мочь; иметь возможность |
| mean | meant | meant | подразумевать |
| meet | met | met | встретить |
| miscast | miscast | miscast | неправильно распределять роли |
| misdeal | misdealt | misdealt | поступать неправильно |
| misgive | misgave | misgiven | внушать опасения |
| mishear | misheard | misheard | ослышаться |
| mishit | mishit | mishit | промахнуться |
| mislay | mislaid | mislaid | класть не на место |
| mislead | misled | misled | ввести в заблуждение |
| misread | misread | misread | неправильно истолковывать |
| misspell | misspelt; misspeled | misspelt; misspeled | писать с ошибками |
| misspend | misspent | misspent | экономить |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | неправильно понимать |
| misunderstand | misunderstood | misunderstood | неправильно понимать |
| mow | mowed | mown; mowed | косить |
| O | |||
| outbid | outbid | outbid | перебивать цену |
| outdo | outdid | outdone | превосходить |
| outfight | outfought | outfought | побеждать (в бою) |
| outgrow | outgrew | outgrown | вырастать из |
| output | output; outputted | output; outputted | выходить |
| outrun | outran | outrun | перегонять; опережать |
| outsell | outsold | outsold | продавать лучше или дороже |
| outshine | outshone | outshone | затмевать |
| overbid | overbid | overbid | повелевать |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | компенсировать |
| overdo | overdid | overdone | пережари(ва)ть |
| overdraw | overdrew | overdrawn | превышать |
| overeat | overate | overeaten | объедаться |
| overfly | overflew | overflown | перелетать |
| overhang | overhung | overhung | нависать |
| overhear | overheard | overheard | подслуш(ив)ать |
| overlay | overlaid | overlaid | покры(ва)ть |
| overpay | overpaid | overpaid | переплачивать |
| override | overrode | overridden | отвергать; отклонять |
| overrun | overran | overrun | переливаться через край |
| oversee | oversaw | overseen | надзирать за |
| overshoot | overshot | overshot | расстрелять |
| oversleep | overslept | overslept | прос(ы)пать |
| overtake | overtook | overtaken | догонять |
| overthrow | overthrew | overthrown | свергать |
| P | |||
| partake | partook | partaken | принимать участие |
| pay | paid | paid | платить |
| plead | pleaded; pled | pleaded; pled | обращаться к суду |
| prepay | prepaid | prepaid | платить вперед |
| prove | proved | proved; proven | доказывать; оказаться |
| put | put | put | класть |
| Q | |||
| quit | quit; quitted | quit; quitted | покидать; оставлять |
| R | |||
| read | read; red | read; red | читать |
| rebind | rebound | rebound | перевязывать |
| rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | перестроить |
| recast | recast | recast | видоизменять; преобразовывать |
| redo | redid | redone | повторять сделанное |
| rehear | reheard | reheard | слушать вторично |
| remake | remade | remade | переделывать |
| rend | rent | rent | раздирать |
| repay | repaid | repaid | отдавать долг |
| rerun | reran | rerun | выполнять повторно |
| resell | resold | resold | перепродавать |
| reset | reset | reset | возвращать |
| resit | resat | resat | пересиживать |
| retake | retook | retaken | забирать |
| retell | retold | retold | пересказывать |
| rewrite | rewrote | rewritten | пере(за)писать |
| rid | rid; ridded | rid; ridded | избавлять |
| ride | rode | ridden | ездить верхом |
| ring | rang | rung | звонить |
| rise | rose | risen | подняться |
| rive | rived | riven | расщеплять |
| run | ran | run | бежать; течь |
| S | |||
| saw | sawed | sawn; sawed | пилить |
| say | said | said | говорить; сказать |
| see | saw | seen | видеть |
| seek | sought | sought | искать |
| sell | sold | sold | продавать |
| send | sent | sent | послать |
| set | set | set | устанавливать |
| sew | sewed | sewed; sewn | шить |
| shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
| shave | shaved | shaved; shaven | брить(ся) |
| shear | sheared | shorn; sheared | стричь |
| shed | shed | shed | проливать |
| shine | shone; shined | shone; shined | светить; сиять |
| shoe | shod | shod | обувать; подковывать |
| shoot | shot | shot | стрелять; давать побеги |
| show | showed | shown; showed | показывать |
| shred | shred; shredded | shred; shredded | кромсать; расползаться |
| shrink | shrank; shrunk | shrunk | сокращаться; сжиматься; отпрянуть |
| shrive | shrove; shrived | shriven; shrived | исповедовать |
| shut | shut | shut | закрывать |
| sing | sang | sung | петь |
| sink | sank | sunk | опускаться; погружаться; тонуть |
| sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| slay | slew | slain | убивать |
| sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| slide | slid | slid | скользить |
| sling | slung | slung | швырять; подвешивать |
| slink | slunk | slunk | идти крадучись |
| slit | slit | slit | раздирать(ся); разрезать (вдоль) |
| smell | smelt; smelled | smelt; smelled | пахнуть; нюхать |
| smite | smote | smitten | ударять; разбивать |
| sow | sowed | sowed; sown | (по)сеять |
| speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
| speed | sped; speeded | sped; speeded | ускорять; спешить |
| spell | spelt; spelled | spell; spelled | писать или читать по буквам |
| spend | spent | spent | тратить |
| spill | spilt; spilled | spilt; spilled | пролить |
| spin | spun; span | spun | прясть |
| spit | spat; spit | spat; spit | плевать |
| split | split | split | расщепить(ся) |
| spoil | spoilt; spoiled | spoilt; spoiled | портить |
| spotlight | spotlit; spotlighted | spotlit; spotlighted | осветить |
| spread | spread | spread | распространиться |
| spring | sprang | sprung | вскочить; возникнуть |
| stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| stave | staved; stove | staved; stove | проламывать; разби(ва)ть |
| steal | stole | stolen | украсть |
| stick | stuck | stuck | уколоть; приклеить |
| sting | stung | stung | ужалить |
| stink | stank; stunk | stunk | вонять |
| strew | strewed | strewn; strewed | усеять; устлать |
| stride | strode | stridden | шагать |
| strike | struck | struck | ударить; бить; бастовать |
| string | strung | strung | нанизать; натянуть |
| strive | strove | striven | стараться |
| sublet | sublet | sublet | передавать в субаренду |
| swear | swore | sworn | (по)клясться; присягнуть |
| sweep | swept | swept | мести; промчаться |
| swell | swelled | swollen; swelled | вздуться |
| swim | swam | swum | плыть |
| swing | swung | swung | качаться |
| T | |||
| take | took | taken | взять; брать |
| teach | taught | taught | учить |
| tear | tore | torn | рвать |
| tell | told | told | рассказывать; сказать |
| think | thought | thought | думать |
| thrive | throve; trived | thriven; trived | процветать |
| throw | threw | thrown | бросить |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | толкнуть; сунуть |
| tread | trod | trod; trodden | ступать |
| U | |||
| unbend | unbent | unbent | разогнуть(ся) |
| underbid | underbid | underbid | снижать цену |
| undercut | undercut | undercut | сбивать цены |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | проходить; подвергаться |
| underlie | underlay | underlain | лежать в основе |
| underpay | underpaid | underpaid | оплачивать слишком низко |
| undersell | undersold | undersold | продавать дешевле |
| understand | understood | understood | понимать |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | предпринять |
| underwrite | underwrote | underwritten | подписыва(ть)ся |
| undo | undid | undone | уничтожать сделанное |
| unfreeze | unfroze | unfrozen | размораживать |
| unsay | unsaid | unsaid | брать назад свои слова |
| unwind | unwound | unwound | развертывать |
| uphold | upheld | upheld | поддерживать |
| upset | upset | upset | опрокинуть(ся) |
| W | |||
| wake | woke; waked | woken; waked | просыпаться; будить |
| waylay | waylaid | waylaid | подстерегать |
| wear | wore | worn | носить(одежду) |
| weave | wove; weaved | woven; weaved | ткать |
| wed | wed; wedded | wed; wedded | выдавать замуж |
| weep | wept | wept | плакать |
| wet | wet; wetted | wet; wetted | мочить; увлажнять |
| win | won | won | выиграть |
| wind | wound | wound | заводить (механизм) |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | взять назад; отозвать |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | удерживать |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | противиться |
| work | worked; wrought | worked; wrought | работать |
| wring | wrung | wrung | скрутить; сжать |
| write | wrote | written | писать |