The United States of America

1. The United States lies in the central part of the North American Continent between two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the Pacific Ocean to the West. Friendly Canada to the north and friendly Mexico to the south are the only countries bordering it.

2. The USA consists of three separate parts. These are the Hawaiian Islands, situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska separated by Canada, and the rest of the USA. The states differ very much in size, population and economic development.

3. There are many big cities and towns in the USA: New York, San Francisco, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles are the biggest.

4. The United States of America is a parliamentary republic. The government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court).

5. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic and the Republican. The US President is both head of state and government. He is elected for a four-year term. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices who are appointed for life.

6. The Congress of the United States is composed of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the House represents the population according to its distrib­ution among the states. All states have electoral requirements of the same nature. First of all they are residence requirements.

7. Each of the fifty states of the USA has a constitution patterned after the federal Constitution, with its divisions of power: legislative, exec­utive, and judicial.

8. The capital of the USA is Washington. It is situated in the District of Columbia (Washington D.C.)

9. The largest city of the country is New York. It is the financial and business center of the USA. Boston is known for its universities. Philadelphia is the first capital of the USA. Philadelphia orchestra is famous all over the world. Chicago is one of the industrial cities. Detroit is one of the biggest centers of the automobile industry. Holly wood is known as the center of the USA film business.

10.The US flag is known as “Old Glory”, the «Stars and Stripes». Today the USA flag has 13 horizontal (7 red and 6 white) stripes and 50 white stars on blue background representing the 50 states. The red stripes proclaim courage, the white stripes proclaim liberty, the field of blue stands for loyalty.

Задание 1. Найдите во второй колонке английские эквиваленты русским словосочетаниям

1. простираться в 2. граничить 3. состоять из 4. расположенный в 5. отделенный 6. быть разделенным на 7. законодательная ветвь власти 8. исполнительная ветвь 9. судебная ветвь 10. Верховный Суд 11. срок 12. Верховный Судья 13. члены Верховного Суда 14. назначаться пожизненно 15. палата 16. распределение среди штатов 17. требования к выборам

a) to be appointed for life b) to lie in c) to consist of d) separated e) to border f) Chief Justice g) a distrib­ution among the sates h) legislative branch of power i) to be divided into j) Associate Justices k) judicial branch l) executive branch m) a term n) a house o) electoral requirements p) to be divided into q) situated in

Задание 2. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту (по-английски).

1. What are the main political parties in the USA?

2. What does Supreme Court consist on?

3. What the Congress of the USA is composed of?

Вариант №3

Australia

1. Australia lies to the south-east of Asia, between the Pacific and Indian oceans. It is the world's smallest continent which is almost com­pletely surrounded by ocean expanses. Its total area is 7,682,300 sq. km.

2. The continent of Australia is divided into four general topographic regions: a low, sandy eastern coastal plain, the eastern highlands, the central plain, and the western plateau. Although Australia has a wide diversity of climatic conditions, the climate of Australia is generally warm and dry, with no extreme cold and little frost. It changes from comfortably mild in the south to hot in the central inferior and north.

3. The total population in 1986 was about 16 mln people with the average population density of about 2 persons per sq. km. Most Australians are of British or Irish ancestry. More than 99% of the pop­ulation speaks English.

4. The capital of Australia is Canberra. Australia has a federal parlia­mentary government. The Australian federation was formed on January 1, 1901, from six former British colonies, which thereupon became states. The Australian constitution combines the traditions of British parliamentary monarchy with important elements of the US federal system. Powers of the federal government are enumerated and limited. The government consists of the British sovereign and the Australian Parliament.

5. Australia is the world's largest wool producer and one of the world's largest wheat exporters. The main sources of foreign earnings are wool, food and minerals which also provide raw materials for home processing industries.

6. The flag of Australia is the only one to fly over a whole continent. The small Union Jack represents the historical link with Britain, the large seven-pointed star represents the six States and the Territories, and the small stars form the Southern Cross – a prominent feature of the southern hemisphere night sky.

7.In 1984 Australia officially adopted green and gold as its national colours.

8. Australia`s official language is English. Australian English does not differ significantly from other forms of English, although some expressions are unique to Australia.

Задание 1. Найдите во второй колонке английские эквиваленты русским словосочетаниям

1. простираться в 2. общая площадь 3. окруженный 4. низина 5. быть разделенным на 6. разнообразие 7. умеренный 8. средняя плотность населения 9. происхождение 10. перечислять 11. состоять из 12. денежные поступления 13. семиконечная 14. выдающийся

a) the average population density b) to lie in c) a low d) ancestry e) to enumerate f) to consist of g) a low h) surrounded i) diversity j) earnings k) total area l) to be divided into m)severn-pointed n)prominent

Задание 2. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту (по-английски).

1. What kind of climate is there in Australia?

2. What are the main branches of the Australian economy?

3. How many states does Australia consist of?

ВОПРОСЫ ДЛЯ СОБЕСЕДОВАНИЯ

1. What is your name and how old are you?
2. When and where were you born?
3. What do you do?
4. What kind of person are you?
5. What are your hobbies and interests?
6. What members does your family consist of?
7. What are your parents’ names? How old are they?
8. Where do your parents work? And what do they do?
9. What is your sister’s/brother’s name? How old is she/he?
10. Where are you from?
11. Where do you study?
12. What Departments are there in our Institute? What Department do you study at?
13. What is the term of training at the Full-time Department?
14. What subjects do you study at the Institute?
15. What facilities are there in our Institute?
16. Where will you work after graduation?
17. What English-speaking countries do you know?
18. What is the UK washed by?
19. What four countries does the UK consist of? What are their capitals?
20. What is the capital of the UK? What are the largest and most famous cities?
21. What is the state system of the UK like?
22. Who is the head of state of the UK? And who is the head of government of the UK?
23. What does the British Parliament consist of?
24. Where is the USA situated?
25. What does the USA consist of?
26. What is the capital of the USA? What are the largest and most famous cities?
27. What is the state system of the USA like?
28. Who is the head of the state of the USA? And who is the head of the government of the USA?
29. What does the Congress consist of?