The United States of America

Learning foreign languages

The problem of foreign languages is very important today. Students should learn foreign languages. They became important especially at the present time. Foreign languages are needed as the main and most efficient means of information exchange between the people of our planet.

Today English is the language of the world. Over 350 million people speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies.

It is the major international language for communication in such areas as science, technology, business and mass media. English ought to be used as one of the official languages of the United Nations Organisation and other political organisations. It is the language of computer software, politics, literature, education, modern music, international law and tourism.

Learning of foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But every educated person, very good specialist has to know English because it is absolutely necessary nowadays.

It is well known that reading books in the original, talking with the English -speaking people will help a lot. When learning a foreign language you are to learn the culture and history of the native speakers. You may learn any foreign language. They are all important.

2. Ответить письменно на английском языке на следующие вопросы:

- Who has to know English?

- Why is it absolutely necessary nowadays to know English?

- What helps to learn foreign language?

- What foreign language should you learn?

- Where do native speakers of English live?

- Where ought English to be used?

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

of foreign learning thing language not an is easy.

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

- What’s … job?

- I haven’t any.

1. Выбрать нужное неопределенное местоимение (some, any).

At our college you can study … foreign language. They are all important for your future job.

6. Выбрать правильный предлог (in, on, at).

I was born …the first of January.

7. Выбрать правильный модальный глагол.

When studding at the college, you … learn foreign languages

a) have to;

b) may;

c) must;

d) are to.

8. Выбрать правильную видовременную форму сказуемого.

I … jeans every day, but today I … a skirt.

a) am wearing

b) wear

c) have worn.

9. Выбрать глагол в соответствующем времени пассивного залога.

English … as the main and most efficient means of information exchange between the people of our planet.

a) is used

b) is using

c) are needed

Вариант 2

1.Текст прочитать, списать и сделать перевод на русский язык.

Russia

Russia (the official name – the Russian Federation) is the largest country in the world. The country is situated both in Europe and Asia. Its total area is over 17 mln. sq. km.

Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on 14 states. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

The country has a great variety of flora and fauna. There are numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands, mountains and deserts, rivers and lakes.

On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and mild – to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals, gold. It is a highly developed agro-industrial power in the world.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is about 150 mln. More than 100 different nations and nationalities live there.

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. Its population is over 10 mln.

Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols are the state white-blue-red flag and 2-headed Eagle.

The Russian Federation is a constitutional state headed by the President. According to the Russian Constitution the power of the government consists of 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power belongs to the Council of Federation (upper chamber) and the State Duma (lower chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker.

The executive power belongs to the Government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.

Our country has a multiparty system.

The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all countries of the Globe.

2. Перевести письменно на английский язык следующие вопросы:

- Как называется наша страна?

- Где она расположена?

- Какова ее территория?

- Каково ее население?

- Какие административные деления существуют в России?

- Кто является главой государства?

- Из каких ветвей согласно конституции состоит государственная власть?

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

- Federation the Russian is by the headed President.

- State the multiparty has system

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

… population is about 150 mln.

5. Выбрать нужное неопределенное местоимение (some, any).

It comprises many national districts, … autonomous republics and regions.

6. Выбрать правильный предлог. (With, by, in)

The chamber is headed … the Speaker.

7. Выбрать правильный модальный глагол.

We … use the richest natural resources in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals, gold.

a) can;

b) may;

c) must.

8. Выбрать правильную видовременную форму сказуемого.

I … often …to the cinema.

a) am going

b) go

c) went

9. Выбрать глагол в соответствующем времени пассивного залога.

The country …by the North and Irish Seas, the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel.

a) is washed

b) is washing

c) has washed

Вариант 3

1.Текст прочитать, списать и сделать перевод на русский язык.

Great Britain

Great Britain has the official name – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (or UK – for short). It is situated on the British Isles. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are the parts of Great Britain. Administratively the UK is divided into 55 counties. The total territory is over 244 thousand square kilometers (the 75^th place among other countries in the world).

The population of the UK is over 57 mln.

The country is washed by the North and Irish Seas, the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel. The country has many rivers. The longest of which are the Severn, the Thames, the Clide . The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland. North and West of the country are highlands, South and East - lowlands

The climate is mild. The country possesses natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ores, coal and some metals.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. The main industrial branches are aircraft and navigation equipment, electronics, machinery, chemicals and textile, automobile and ship-building

The country is rich in old cultural traditions and customs. The official language is English. The national symbol is the national flag “Union Jack”, having 3 white and red crosses on the dark blue field.

The capital of the UK is London. There are many large cities: Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy, headed by the Queen. But her Power is limited by the oldest Parliament in the World. It consists of 2 chambers: The House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Government is headed by a Prime Minister – the leader of the party having the majority in the House of Common.

The country has a multiparty system. The largest of the parties are the Conservatives (the Tory), the Liberal (the Whigs) and the Labour Party.

а) Перевести письменно на английский язык следующие вопросы:

- Как называется официально эта страна?

- Где она расположена?

- Какова ее территория?

- Каково ее население?

б) Ответить письменно на вопросы на английском языке.

- Who is the head of the state ?

- What does the English constitution look like?

- What difference is between the English parliament and others?

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

- Monarchy the is by the headed King.

- State the multiparty has system

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

… population is about 57 mln.

5. Выбрать нужное неопределенное местоимение (some, any).

It comprises two isles, four parts, … counties.

6. Выбрать правильный предлог. (with, by, under)

The chamber is headed … the Speaker.

7. Выбрать правильный модальный глагол.

English people … use rich natural resources : oil, natural gas, coal, ores, minerals.

a) can;

b) may;

c) must.

8. Выбрать правильную видовременную форму сказуемого.

I … often swimming .

a) am going

b) go

c) went

9. Выбрать глагол в соответствующем времени пассивного залога.

The country …by the North and Irish Seas, the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel.

a) is washed

b) is washing

c) has washed

Вариант 4

1.Текст прочитать, списать и сделать перевод на русский язык.

The United States of America

The United States of America is the 4^th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. The country consists of 3 parts: the continental part is in the center of the North American continent, the Hawaii and Alaska. Its total area is over 9 mln. sq. km. The country borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a sea-border with Russia.

The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, including the Great Lakes and many rivers. The longest of which is the Mississippi. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera, the Appalachi, and the Sierra Nevada.

The climate conditions are rather different. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricultural country, The main industrial branches are aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering.

The country population is over 250 mln., consists of all races and nations. The official language is English. The national symbol of the USA is the USA is the national flag “Stars and Stripes”, having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes.

Officially the country comprises 50 states and 1 district – Columbia. The States differ in size, population. Each state has its own capital. The capital of the USA is Washington. There are also many large cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco and others.

The USA is a federal state, headed by the President. According to the USA Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches; legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives – population. The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration (the Vice-President and the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and federal courts.

The country has a multiparty system. The largest of the parties are the Republican (symbolized by a donkey) and the Democratic (symbolized by an elephant).

Nowadays the USA is one of the leading powers of the world due to its economic, political and military influence.

2. а) Перевести письменно на английский язык следующие вопросы:

- Как называется официально эта страна?

- Где она расположена?

- Какова ее территория?

- Каково ее население?

б) Ответить письменно на вопросы на английском языке.

- Who is the head of the state ?

- What does the American constitution look like?

- Which are the largest parties in U.S?

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

- The state federal the is by the headed President.

- State the multiparty has system

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

… population is about 250 mln.

5. Выбрать нужное неопределенное местоимение (some, any).

The country has … lakes, including the Great Lakes and … rivers .

6. Выбрать правильный предлог. (on, in, - )

I left school … 2000.

7. Выбрать правильный модальный глагол. American people … use a very old constitution.

a) can;

b) may;

c) must.

8. Выбрать правильную видовременную форму сказуемого.He … now to my mother.

a) is speaking

b) spoke

c) speaks

9. Выбрать глагол в соответствующем времени пассивного залога. The country …by 3 Oceans.

a) is washed

b) is washing

c) has washed

Вариант 5

1.Текст прочитать, списать и сделать перевод на русский язык.

Canada

Canada consists of almost all of the North American continent north of the US except Alaska. Its total land area of more then 9 mln sq. km makes it the second largest country in the world.

The Canadian Shield, an ice-scoured area covering half the country, dominates Canada’s topography. Most of northern Canada has subarctic or arctic climates, with long cold winters lasting 8 to 11 month, short sunny summers, and little precipitation. In contrast, the populated south has a variety of climatological landscapes.

The total population according to the 1981 census was about 24 mln people with an average population density of 2.8 per sq. km.

English and French are the official languages of Canada and have equal status, rights and privileges as to their use in all governmental institutions.

Canada is a federation of 10 provinces and 2 northern territories. The federal Parliament is made up of the House of Commons and the Senate. The leader of the party that wins the largest number of seats in a newly elected House of Commons is asked to form the government.

The civil law follows English common law everywhere except in Quebec, where it follows the Napoleonic Code.

Canada is a world leader in the production of asbestos, nickel and other element, forestry products, and ranks first in the world in export of minerals. Although no longer the foremost sector of the economy, agriculture is of major importance to the economy as a whole. Canada in among the world’s leading wheat producers and is second in the export of wheat.

Basically, Canada has a free-enterprise economy. A recurrent problem for Canada has been the dominant position of US corporations and investors.

2. Ответить (письменно) на вопросы на английском языке:

1. What can you say about the climate of Canada?

2. What is its political status?

3. Does Canada have one official language?

4. What is the jurisdiction of Canada like?

5. What is the Canada`s politics.

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

- has Canada a economy free-enterprise.

- official and French are English Canada the languages of.

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

She has forgot … key and can’t get in.

5. Выбрать нужное неопределенное местоимение (some, any).

Is …body home?

6. Выбрать правильный предлог. (on, in, - )

I start …Monday.

7. Выбрать правильный модальный глагол.

Every person… work.

a) is to;

b) has to;

c) must.

8. Выбрать правильную видовременную форму сказуемого.

They … now to the music.

a) will be listening

b) listen

c) are listening

9. Выбрать глагол в соответствующем времени пассивного залога.

Asbestos, nickel … in Canada

a) is produced

b) is producing

c) are produced

Вариант 6

1.Текст прочитать, списать и сделать перевод на русский язык.

Australia.

Australia is the world smallest continent, which is almost completely surrounded by the Pacific and Indian oceans. Its total area is 7,682,300 sq.km. There are four topographic regions: a low, sandy eastern coastal plain, the eastern highlands, the central plain, the western plateau. The climate is generally warm and dry. The total population is 16 mln. people. Most Australians are of British or Irish ancestry. More than 99% of its population speaks English.

The capital of Australia is Canberra. Australia has a federal parliamentary government. The Australian Federation is formed on the first January 1901 from six former British colonies, which became states. The Australian constitution combines the traditions of British parliamentary monarchy with important elements of the US federal system. Powers of the federal government are enumerated and limited. The government consists of the British sovereign and the Australian Parliament.

Australia is the world`s largest wool producer and one of the world`s largest wheat exporters.

2. Ответить письменно на вопросы.

1. What can you say about the climate of Australia?

2. What is its political status?

3. Does Australia have a parliamentary monarchy?

4. What does its constitution look like ?

5. What is the Australian topographic?

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

- continent is the world Australia smallest?

- official is English Australia the languages of.

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

He has lost … money and he cant buy a ticket now.

5. Выбрать нужное неопределенное местоимение (some, any).

May I have …thing to drink?

6. Выбрать правильный предлог. (on, in, - )

I start …the morning.

7. Выбрать правильный модальный глагол.

Acoring to the Russian Constitution every child… learn.

a) can;

b) may;

c) must.

8. Выбрать правильную видовременную форму сказуемого.

You …, … .

a) gets up, washes your face.

b) are getting up, washing your face

a) are got up, washed your face.

9. Выбрать глагол в соответствующем времени пассивного залога.

The cup … …. .

a) is broking

b) are broked

c) is broken.

Вариант 7

1.Текст прочитать, списать и сделать перевод на русский язык.

New Zealand

New Zealand is situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean on two large islands: the North Island and the South Island. Its total area is 268,112 sq.km.

Less than ¼ of the territory of the country lies below the 200 m contour line. The South Island is significantly more mountainous than the North Island. New Zealand has a temperate, moist ocean climate without marked seasonal variations in temperature or rainfall.

The total population in 1986 was about 3.3 mln people with an average population density of about 12 persons per sq.km. About 85% of the population is classified as Europeans. Most of them are of British descend. English is the universal language.

The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. Like the United Kingdom, New Zealand its a constitutional monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the British Queen whose representative, the governor-general, is appointed for a five-year term. The government of New Zealand is democratic and modeled on that of the United Kingdom.

The economy of New Zealand has traditionally been based on pastoral farming. The last decades have seen a large expansion in light industries. New Zealand draws many thousands of tourists to its shores because of the beauty, diversity, and compactness of its natural attraction.

2. Ответить письменно на вопросы.

1. What can you say about the climate of New Zealand?

2. What is its political status?

3. Does New Zealand have a parliamentary monarchy?

4. What is the capital of New Zealand?

5. What do you know about the government in the state?

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

- continent is the world Australia smallest?

- universal New Zealand is English the languages of.

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

You haven’t a pen, take … .

5. Выбрать нужное неопределенное местоимение (some, any).

Would you like …thing to drink?

6. Выбрать правильный предлог. (on, in, - )

I finished the book … summer.

7. Выбрать правильный модальный глагол.

Acoring to the Russian Constitution every person… pay taxes.

a) should;

b) may;

c) must.

8. Выбрать правильную видовременную форму сказуемого.

It … in winter.

a) snow.

b) snows

d) is snowing.

9. Выбрать глагол в соответствующем времени пассивного залога.

The house … …. .

a) is bilded

b) was built

c) has built.

Вариант 8

1.Текст прочитать, списать и сделать перевод на русский язык.

Patriotic Symbols

The American flag is often called the “Stars and Stripes.” It has thirteen stripes and fifty stars, one for each state. There are many rules for the flag: for example, you should display it only during the day, and you should fold it in a special way. In some schools there is a flag in each classroom, and children stand in the front of the flag every day and say the “Pledge of Allegiance”:

I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America

And to the Republic for which it stands

One nation, under God, invisible, with liberty and justice for all.

One of the most famous symbols of the U.S. is the Statue of Liberty. France gave the statue to the U.S. in 1884 as a symbol of friendship and freedom. It is in New York Harbor, and it was the first sight many immigrants saw when they arrived in the U.S.

The eagle became the official national symbol of the U.S. in 1782. It carries an olive branch (a sign of piece) and arrows (signs of strength). You can see the eagle on the back of a dollar bill.

“Uncle Sam” is a cartoon symbol of the U.S. Government. He has appeared in magazines, newspapers and on posters for the last 150 years. During the War of 1812 against England a man named Samuel Wilson sold meat to the U.S. government for its soldiers. Everyone called him Uncle Sam. The first Letters of Uncle Sam, “U.S.”, were the same as the first letters of the United States. After the war, cartoons of Uncle Sam as the U.S. government began to appear.

The U.S. has an official song, “The Star-Spangled Banner”. It is sung at many sporting events and public celebrations. It was written by Francis Scott Key. He was on a British ship, which was attacking Fort McHenry outside Baltimore. The attack started on September 13^th, 1814 and continued all that day and night. Suddenly, early in the morning of September 14th, they saw the American flag flying from the fort. Key was so excited he began to write down his feelings in a poem. At first “The Star-Spangled Banner” was sung to an old British drinking song. Later, music was written by John Stafford Smith. In March 1931 Congress officially approved the song as the national anthem.

Every state in the U.S. has its own flag, its own symbol and its own song too. These are not as well known as the national ones, but they are used in all state ceremonial events.

2. а) Перевести письменно на английский язык следующие вопросы:

- Как называется официально эта страна?

- Какие исторические события упоминаются в тексте?

б) Ответить письменно на вопросы на английском языке.

- How was the official song of the state written?

- What does the American flag symbolize?

- Which symbols has America?

- What does “U.S.” mean?

3. Составить предложение из данных слов.

state in flag every own the U.S. has its.

4. Вставить соответствующее притяжательное местоимение.

He began to write down … feelings in a poem.