Инфинитив и инфинитивные конструкции.

Инфинитив представляет собой неличную форму глагола, которая называет действие. Он не имеет лица и числа. Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица to, которая не имеет самостоятельного значения и не принимает ударения. В ряде случаев частица toперед инфинитивом опускается, как правило, с модальными и вспомогательными глаголами.

• We can read and write in English.
• My brother will go to the camp in summer.
• If I were you, I should send him a letter.

Инфинитив может выступать в роли различных членов предложения:

• To read is pleasant. (подлежащее)
• Your duty was to inform me about it. (часть составного глагольного сказуемого)
• We can speak English. (часть модального сказуемого)
• She asked him to help her. (дополнение)
• I went to the station to meet my friend. (обстоятельство)

Инфинитив имеет формы времени и залога.

Tense	Active	Passive
Indefinite	to ask	to be asked
Continuous	to be asking	-----
Perfect	to have asked	to have been asked
Perfect Continuous	to have been asking	-----

Часто для инфинитива в русском языке нет соответствующих форм перевода, и он не может переводиться изолировано. Перевод инфинитива или инфинитивной конструкции зависит от контекста.

Инфинитив можно использовать после следующих глаголов:

Offer, agree, refuse, decide, plan, arrange, hope, manage, fail, deserve, afford, forget, promise, threaten, learn, seem, appear, tend, pretend, claim

• It was late, so we decided to take a taxi.
• My friend was in a difficult situation, so I agreed to help him.
• How old were you when you learnt to drive?
• I promised not to be late.

Но после глаголов enjoy, think, suggest инфинитив не употребляется:

• I enjoy reading.
• Tom suggest going to the cinema.
• Are you thinking of buying a car?

Практические задания:

1. Put the verb into the correct form, to …or –ing.

1. When I’m tired, I enjoy (watch) television.
2. It was a nice day so we decided (go) for a walk.
3. Students don’t have much money. So, they can’t afford (go) out very often.
4. Our neighbour threatened (call) the police if we didn’t stop the noise.
5. We were hungry, and I suggested (have) dinner early.
6. I’m still looking for a job, but I hope (find) something soon.
7. Ann pretended (not see) me when she passed me in the street.
8. They seem (have) plenty of money.

2. Which alternative is correct?

1. Could I ….…. your dictionary, please?

A borrowing

B borrow

C to borrow

1. Why is that car …….. outside our house?

A stopping

B stop

C to stop

1. You don’t look well. You should ……… to bed.

A going

B go

C to go

1. Shall I ……… off the TV? Yes, please.

A turning

B turn

C to turn

1. I must ……. my letter today.

A writing

B write

C to write

1. We used …. a cat, but it died last year.

A having

B have

C to have

1. My brother wants …….. a teacher when he finishes college.

A being

B be

C to be

1. What would you like …….. tonight? Let’s go out for a walk.

A doing

B do

C to do

3. Complete the questions with do/to do/doing.

1. What do you hope ………..when you finish studying?
2. When you were younger, what did your parents make you ……….?
3. What did you parents never let you ……..?
4. Is there a job in the house that you don’t mind ……….?
5. What do you most enjoy ………… when you want to relax?
6. What have you always wanted …………., but never had the time or money?
7. If you could have any job, what would you like ………..?

TESTS:

Test 1

(Unites I-II):

1. Translate into Russian:

a) высшее образование;

b) учебный год;

c) полиграфия;

d) степень бакалавра;

e) система дистанционного обучения;

f) язык программирования;

g) искусственный интеллект;

h) мышь;

i) декан;

j) данные;

k) пользователь;

l) кнопка;

m) заочное обучение;

n) спутниковая связь;

o) беспроводной.

2. Name by one word or term:

a) The smallest unit of an image on a computer screen.

b) An educational institution where students study for degrees and where academic research is done.

c) A machine that stores programs and information in electronic form and can be used for a variety of processes.

d) A computer system that allows people in different parts of the world to exchange information.

e) Someone’s experience and activity of learning, teaching or being taught.

3. Fill the gaps, using one variant from the table:

The Internet is completely changing the way we access (1)… . This general source of news and knowledge has revolutionized the world of media beyond all recognition. Thanks to the (2)… we can find the most sophisticated pieces of information in a flash. It’s no wonder that we tend to say that the world is getting smaller. Because of this new communication channel we feel almost as if we are eye witnesses of events which take place in distant countries. And this is just the beginning of a great (3)… . Nowadays, everybody feels the need to have access to the Internet. Personally, I just can’t imagine that there is any information we can’t receive by virtue of this (4)… .

I love to surf the Internet for hours. How in the world would I get (5)… to the people I care for? In no way would I dream of depreciating the importance of telephones. Particularly I can sit on the phone till the cows come home. Yet, the Internet helps me to save time. I can talk with some friends via Communicator; write e-mails to others simultaneously (6)… the World Wide Web. The Internet is an infinite source of information on education and career opportunities. As a student I don’t want to lag behind those who are well informed about the best job vacancies. It’s the Internet that gives me the means to select the most appropriate offers and get in touch with potential (7)… . Instead of buying dozens of (8)… and trawling through them in search of some worthwhile information sandwiched between things I’m not really interested in, I find everything I need in no time at all. In addition I can practice and (9)… my English on the Internet while I meet new people from different parts of the world. The Internet has become a (10)… part of my daily life and it’s so much more to me than just another source of entertainment.

	A	form	B	information	C	plate	D	substrate
	A	squeegee	B	paper	C	Internet	D	press
	A	way	B	event	C	development	D	film
	A	medium	B	motif	C	way	D	supply
	A	lower	B	faster	C	higher	D	more
	A	playing	B	surfing	C	browsing	D	taking
	A	employers	B	employees	C	masters	D	students
	A	newspapers	B	tickets	C	magazines	D	books
	A	correct	B	study	C	learn	D	improve
	A	important	B	raised	C	vital	D	new

4. Match the halves of the sentences:

1. There are six faculties and more than 40 departments	a) to the amount of 700-800 thousands euro.
2.The history of Moscow State University of Printing Arts named after Ivan Fedorov	b)is called machine code.
3. The university teachers and students make annual scientific investigations	c)which appeared in the structure of Moscow State University of Printing Arts named after Ivan Fedorov
4. A desktop is not designed	d) is a problem oriented programming language.
5. The only language computers can understand directly	e)which are called pixels.
6. A higher-level language	f)goes back to July, 1930.
7. The picture and the characters we see on the screen are made up of picture elements	g)to be portable.

5. Find an English equivalent to the Russian word:

1) факультет

a) factor

b) faculty

c) factory

2) выпускник

a) graduate

b) graduation

c) gradient

3) общежитие

a) hotel

b) hostel

c) hospital

4) эффективный

a) efficient

b) efficiency

c) efficiently

5) устройство

a) derive

b) device

c) demand

6) переносной

a) parable

b) portable

c) potential

7) современный

a) upgrade

b) up-to-date

c) upfront

8) образование

a) edition;

b) edification;

c) education

5. Choose one variant to answer:

1) Who is the head of university?

a) dean;

b) rector;

c) director;

d) manager.

2) How many terms are in the academic year?

a) one;

b) two;

c) three;

d) four.

3) What anniversary did the MSUPA celebrate in 2010?

a) the 50th;

b) the 60th;

c) the 70th;

d) the 80th.

4) Find the definition of a distance education system:

a) It is a special type of stencil printing;

b) It is a computer system of learning helps working professionals to continue their education while remaining at their jobs;

c) It is the process of printing where the printing elements of the plate are raised above the nonprinting elements;

d) It is the system of primary education.

5) What is a computer mouse?

a) a type of small animal that has long front teeth;

b) an input device;

c) traditional system;

d) printing element.

6) What is the Internet?

a) complicated method of printing;

b) a magnificent global network with millions of people and computers connected together;

c) new, efficient ways of producing printed media;

d) expensive printing technology.

7) What is pixel?

a) The smallest unit of an image on a computer screen;

b) The technology that prints with the printing plate;

c) An output computer device;

d) A computer programme.

8) Who founded the first university in Russia?

a) Peter the Great;

b) Ivan Fedorov;

c) Michael Lomonosov;

d) Ivan the Terrible.

6. Fill in the missing degrees of comparison:

Положительная степень Positive degree	Сравнительная степень Comparative degree	Превосходная степень Superlative degree
smaller	smaller	the smallest
big	bigger
nice
cold
crazy	crazier
good		the best
bad		the worst
little	less
interesting	more interesting
difficult

7. Use the verb in correct grammar form:

1. A laptop … smaller than a desktop. (to be)

2. A child … that a mouse … not only a type of small animal that … long front teeth, but also an input device. (to know, to be, to have)

3. In the second half of the 19^th century, Moscow State University … the most important centre of scientific researches in Russia. (to become)

4. The economic development of each country … on the level of education which its citizens … . (to depend, to have)

5. In the period of its existence, more than 60 thousands experts for the printing industry … the university. (to graduate)

Find the antonyms.