Местоимения something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody, somewhere, anywhere, nowhere

Some, any, much, many, (a) few, (a) little

Some и any переводятся «немного, несколько». Но чаще всего они совсем не переводятся в русском предложении. Они указывают на небольшое количество чего-то. Эти слова употребляются с исчисляемыми и с неисчисляемыми существительными.

— Some употребляется в утвердительных предложениях:

I have some work for you.

— Some употребляется в утверждениях, предложениях, просьбах:

Give me some milk, please.

Shall I buy some juce?

Give me some water, please.

— Any используется в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях, его можно перевести «какой-либо, какой-то»:

Do you have any questions?

I don't hear any sounds.

Much и many переводятся как «много» и указывают на большое количество чего-либо.

— Much употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными (которые мы не можем посчитать):
Much juce, much sugar (мы не можем посчитать сок, так как это жидкость, сок можно посчитать только в стаканах; сахар мы тоже не можем посчитать, так как его по крупинкам никто считать не будет).

— Many употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными.

Many cookies, many cats, many men.

Few и little означают «мало».

— Little употребляем с неисчисляемыми существительными (которые нельзя посчитать):
We have little water left.

— Few — с исчисляемыми существительными:

Few people understand me.

Exercises

Дополните предложения подходящим словом.

a) She hasn’t got ______________ friends. (some / any)

b) I didn’t do ______________ work today. (much / many)

c) She didn’t eat ______________ food. (much / many)

d) There aren’t ______________ trees in the garden. (much / many)

e) I haven’t read ______________ books. (many / much)

f) We have planted ______________ roses in the garden. (some / any)

g) Don’t waste ______________ time watching TV. (much / many)

h) She can speak ______________ languages. (much / many)

i) She hasn’t got ______________ cars. (some / any)

j) If you find ______________ strawberries, keep some for me. (any / some)

k) You can borrow ______________ book you like. (many / any)

Дополните предложения much, many, (a) little, (a) few.

a) There were very ______________ people at the concert. The hall was almost empty.

b) – Cream? Yes please. But only _______________ sugar. I don’t like my coffee too sweet.

c) There weren’t ______________ students at the university yesterday. Were they on strike?

d) _____________ people go there because they’ve opened some nice cafés.

e) We’ve got very ___________ eggs, so we can only make one small omelette.

f) - Did you read any books during your holiday? - Not ______________. I didn’t have __________ time to sit down and relax.

g) - How _______________ money have you got? - Only _________________.

h) It’s a small car. There is very ________________ room in it.

i) My brother is very popular. He’s got ______________ friends.

j) I must hurry. I’ve got very ______________ time.

3. Дополните предложения правильным вариантом: few/a few, little or a little.

a) Hurry! We’ve got ______________ time.

b) I saw Tom ______________ days ago.

c) If what you say is true, there is ______________ we can do about it.

d) I can’t let you use much of this perfume. There’s only ______________ in the bottle.

e) This town isn’t very well-known and there isn’t much to see, so ______________ tourists come here.

f) I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got ______________ patience with children.

g) “Would you like some more cake?” – “Yes, please, but only ______________ .”

h) There are very ______________ scholarships for students in this university.

i) We didn’t have any money but Ann had ______________ .

j) This is not the first time the car has broken down. It has happened ______________ times before.

k) There is a shortage of water because there has been very ______________ rain recently.

4. Дополните предложения одним из следующих слов: some | any | a little | a few | much | many

a) Not all the children went outside. ______________ of them stayed in the classroom.

b) I have to go to the supermarket. There isn’t ______________ coffee left.

c) How ______________ bottles of water do we need?

d) Would you like ______________ milk? Yes, please. Just ______________.

e) The land is not suitable for agriculture, so ______________ food is imported.

f) There are only ______________ students ready for the lesson.

g) How ______________ people live in this house?

h) Can you tell me ______________ about your life in London?

Местоимения something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody, somewhere, anywhere, nowhere

Эти местоимения образованы от местоимений some, no, any и подчиняются тем же грамматическим правилам.

Утвердительные предложения	Отрицательные, вопросительные предложения	Отрицательные предложения
somebody кто-то	anybody кто-нибудь	nobody никто
something что-то	anything что-нибудь	nothing ничего
somewhere где-то	anywhere где-нибудь	nowhere нигде

С местоимениями something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody употребляются глаголы 3 лица единственного числа.

There is somebody in the room. — В комнате кто-то есть.

There is something on the table. — На столе что-то есть.

Is there anybody in the room?— В комнате кто-то есть?

Is there anything on the table? — На столе что-то есть?

There is nobody in the room. — В комнате никого нет.

There is nothing on the table. — На столе ничего нет.

При наличии в предложении местоимений nothing, nobody, nowhere дополнительных отрицаний не требуется.

Nobody knows him. — Никто его не знает.

She has nothing in her bag. — У нее в сумке ничего нет.

I can't find him. Не isnowhere. — Я не могу его найти. Его нигде нет.

Exercises

1. Дополните предложения словами somebody / something / somewhere or anybody / anything / anywhere.

a) There is ______________ in the bathroom.

b) Did ______________ answer the telephone?

c) Come in. I have to tell you ______________.

d) Is there _____________ interesting to go to over the weekend?

e) _______________ took my car keys.

f) I didn’t say ______________ at the meeting.

g) For me a good place to go on vacation is _______________ by the sea.

h) She’s sure her children are hiding _______________ in the house.

i) I’m so hungry! I would eat ____________.

j) I can do it by myself. I don’t need ____________ to help me.

2. В следующих предложениях заполните пропуски одним из следующих слов: something/anything - somebody/anybody - somewhere/anywhere

a) She said ______________ but I didn't understand anything.

b) Has ______________ found my blue pencil? No, I'm sorry.

c) Would ______________ help me, please? Yes, I can help you.

d) Have you got ______________ to eat? No, I haven't.

e) Tom, can you give me ______________ to drink, please?

f) Is there ______________ in the house? No, it's deserted.

g) Do you know ______________ about London transport? No, I don't.

h) What's wrong? "There's ______________ in my eye."

i) Would you like ______________ to drink? Yes, please.

j) ______________ has broken the window. I don't know who.

k) He didn't say ______________.

l) I'm looking for my keys. Has ______________ seen them? No, I'm sorry.

m) Teach me ______________ exciting.

n) I didn't eat ______________ because I wasn't hungry.

o) Dad, can we go ______________ on Sunday? Yes, what about going to the zoo?

Present Simple

Образование	Употребление	Временные выражения
Утвердительная	1.Регулярно повторяющееся действие. E.g. I get up at 7 o’clock.   2. Постоянно неизменное действие (или действие, которое остаётся неизменным в течение долгого периода времени). E.g. Vegetarians don’t eatmeat. She worksin a bank.   3.Действие, происходящее в момент речи (с глаголами, которые не употребляются в Present Continues). E.g. I don’t understand this sentence.   4.Будущее действие в придаточных предложениях в решении реального условия. E.g. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. I will ring you when he comes back.   5. Будущее действие, которое произойдет по расписанию   E.g. The train leaves at 17.40.	Every day, every other day, often, usually, as usual, seldom, rarely, always, never, sometimes, from time to time, as a rule, regularly, twice a week.   Now, at the present moment     If, when, until, before, after, as soon as unless, as long as.     Tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a day, tonight, next morning at 5 pm.
I We You They	live work	he she it	lives works
Отрицательная форма
I We You They	don’tlive work
He She It	doesn’tlive work
Отрицательная
Where do	I we you they	live?
Where does	he she it	live?

Exercises