The Innocent and the Guilty

1. Imagine, if you can, that you have been arrested for something like shoplifting, or for dangerous driving, or for getting drunk and causing "a disturbance of the peace". You are in a Magistrates’ Court now.

2. You, "the accused", are in a kind of a large, open box. It is called "the dock". You are "in the dock". There are three Magistrates "on the bench" in front of you. In front and below them there is another man "The clerk of the court".

3. The case begins. The policeman who arrested you gives evidence. He tells the court when and why he arrested you, what you said, what he said and so on. Your solicitor questions or "cross-examines" him. One of the Magistrates speaking for all three also asks questions. Other witness appears. The Magistrate also asks him what he saw. Perhaps you yourself say nothing at all. You do not have to speak in your defense "Everyone is innocent unless proved guilty". In other words, you do not have to prove that you are innocent. The police have to prove you are guilty.

4. At the end the Magistrates discuss your case in low voice in front of you. You try to hear, but cannot. Then the Clerk of the Court tells you to stand. The Magistrate who has done the talking for the others tells you whether they have found you innocent or guilty. He can sentence you to no more than six months in goal for one offence, to a maximum of one year for two or more offences or to a fine of 400 pounds.

II. Выпишите из текста и переведите на русский язык предложения на согласование времен и косвенную речь.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в требуемом времени. Переведите предложения.

1. I know there (to be) two criminal courts in Britain.

2. I knew he (to present) the case in court the next week.

3. We were sure that he (to break) the window of our car and (to steal) the radio two days before.

4. He understood why the policeman (to arrest) him.

IV. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, а затем переведите их на русский язык.

1.Mr. Morgan said:” I don’t want a lawyer.”

2.Chief Inspector said to the reporters:” The robbers won’t avoid punishment.”

3.The policeman asked Tony:” How many robbers were there?”

4.The man said to me: “Tell him everything tomorrow.”

ВАРИАНТ II

a. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Пояснения к тексту

1. Justice -on- Wheels – правосудие на колесах

2. Supreme Court of Appeal – верховный апелляционный суд

3. Rapid justice team – команда быстрого реагирования

Cyber Justice

1. An artificial-intelligence program called the Electronic Judge is dispensing justice on the streets of Brazilian cities. The program is installed on a laptop carried by a human judge and helps to assess swiftly and methodically witness reports and forensic evidence at the scene of an incident. It then issues on the-spot fines and can even recommend jail sentences. It is part of a scheme called "Justice-on-Wheels" which is designed to speed up Brazil's overloaded legal system by dealing immediately with straightforward cases.

2. The program's creator, who sits in the state's Supreme Court of Appeals, says that most people are happy to have the matters sorted out on the spot. He adds that the idea is not to replace judges but to make them more efficient.

3. He is sure that after police alert the rapid justice team to minor accidents, they can be on the scene within 10 minutes. Most cases require only simple questions and no interpretation of the law – the decision-making process is purely logical. For example the program presents the judge with choice questions if the driver has stopped at a red light or if the driver had been drinking alcohol above the acceptable limit of the law. The creator of the program considers that these sorts of questions need only yes or no answers. The program gives more than a simple judgement: it also prints out its reasoning. If the human judge disagrees with the decision it can simply be overruled. Some people who have been judged by the program do not realize that they have been tried by software.

II. Выпишите из текста и переведите на русский язык предложения на согласование времен и косвенную речь

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в требуемом времени. Переведите предложения.

1. He was sure the judge (to find) him guilty.

2. I suppose they (to send) the dog after a burglar immediately.

3. I didn’t know you already (to come back) from the court.

4. He says that he ( to know ) the laws of the country

IV. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, а затем переведите их на русский язык.

1. The prosecutor said:” It’s my turn to ask questions.”

2. The man said to the judge:” I shall answer all the questions.”

3. Peter asked his British friend:” Do you elect judges in England as we do?”

4. I said to my father:” Please, help me with this problem.”

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕВОДА

Caught in his own trap

It happened in England not very long ago. A judge was going for an assize (выездная сессия суда) to a distant town. His wife asked him to allow her to go with him. The judge agreed but told her not to take a lot of boxes. Next morning they started in a carriage. On the way the judge wanted to stretch his legs and his feet struck against something under the seat. It was a box. The judge was very angry, he opened the window and threw the box out. The coachman stopped the horses to pick up the box but the judge ordered to drive on.

The next day the travellers reached the town. The judge put on the robes and was ready for going to the court, but he couldn't find his wig (парик) which is a very important attribute of an English judge. Then he cried: «Where in all the world is my wig?» — «Your wig, my Lord? Why, your Lordship threw it out of the carriage window yesterday», explained the coachman who was watching the scene.

A strange sentence

A man was brought up before a judge and charged with burglary. He had cut a hole in the side of a tent, had put his head, his right arm and his right shoulder through the hole and had stolen several things belonging to the people sleeping in the tent.

The lawyer of the defendant said that as the man had not entered the tent, he couldn't be convicted of burglary and ought to be set free. The judge however said that while the man as a whole had not committed burglary, his head, his right arm and his right shoulder had.

The jury brought in a verdict of guilty against these parts, which were sentenced to two years imprisonment with hard labour in the state prison. All the rest of the man was found not guilty and discharged.

Основная литература

1. Английский для юристов: Учеб. пособ. / Немировская Э.А., Десяткова Т.М., Бакарева А.П., Верещагина М.К. и др./Отв. ред. Т.М. Десяткова. – М.: Омега-Л; ИМПЭ-ПАБЛИШ, 2004. – 376 с. – “English: We Study Law”.

2. Англо-русский словарь / Сост. В.К. Мюллер, С.К. Боянус. – М.: Локид, 2004. – 687 с.*

3. Андрианов С.Н. и др. Англо-русский юридический словарь. 3-е изд., исправл. / С.Н. Андрианов, А.С. Берсон, А.С. Никифоров. – М.: РУССО, 2000. – 512.

4. Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка. В 2-х ч. Часть 1. – Переиздание. – М.: «Деконт + , - «ГИС», 2005. – 637[3].*

5. Бонк Н.А., Котий Г.А., Лукьянова Н.А. Учебник английского языка. В 2-х ч. Часть 2. – Переиздание. – М.: «Деконт + , - «ГИС», 2005. – 511.*

6. Бонк Н.А. и др. Практическая грамматика английского языка. - М, 2003.*

7. Гуманова Ю.Л. и др. Just English. Английский для юристов. Базовый курс. - М, 2002.*

Дополнительная литература

1. Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate students. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2003.*