I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык
1. Bohr is one of the most ingenious interpreters of his generation of the problems of modern theoretical physics. 2. He did physics at the University of Copenhagen, obtaining his doctor's degree in 1911. 3. He proceeded immediately to Cambridge for further studies under Thomson. 4. In 1912 he moved to Manchester University where he was associated with Rutherford in the latter's atomic research. 5. In 1914, following a year as lecturer at the University of Copenhagen, Bohr returned to Manchester. 6. In 1920, largely due to Bohr's efforts, the Institute of Theoretical Physics was established at Copenhagen. 7. Bohr became its first head and under him the Institute has become a world famous centre of research. 8. Bohr took a leading part in the atomic bomb project, working mainly at the laboratory established in early 1943. 9. In 1944–1945 Bohr served as adviser to the scientific staff of the Manhattan project. 10. In 1945 Bohr returned to Copenhagen to resume his duties as director of the Institute. 11. Bohr's great achievement was recognized internationally by the Nobel prize award to him. 12. In 1957 he was the first recipient of the Atoms for Peace Award. 13. That same year he delivered his lecture on the Philosophical Lessons of Atomic Progress.
II. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. When did Bohr graduate from the University? 2. Where did he go in 1912? 3. What idea did he put forward just before World War II? 4. Did he advance this idea alone or working together with Wheeler? 5. D id he participate in atomic research? 6. When did he come back to Copenhagen? 7. When did Bohr's contribution win him international recognition? 8. Was he the first to receive the Atoms for peace award? 9. When did he give his lecture on the Philosophical Lessons of Atomic Progress?
Grammar Exercises
I. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Ему показывают сейчас фотографии. 2. Нам показывали фильм с 10 ч. до 12 ч. дня. 3. Его слушали внимательно с 8 ч. до 9 ч. утра. 4.О нем говорят сейчас. 5. Его спрашивают в данный момент. 6. Новый мост строился, когда я приехал в этот город. 7. Большое внимание уделяется сейчас исследовательской работе.
II. Поставьте вопросы к предложению.
He was being spoken to by the dean from 10 till 11.
Прочтите и перескажите текст.
The Bridge
Peter's parents died when he was a child of 5. He was brought up by his grandmother who took great care of the child and did her best to make him happy. But the boy was very shy and timid.
One day he took his bicycle and went for a ride. Suddenly he saw another cyclist at the distance. Soon he could see that the cyclist was a young girl. As soon as the girl noticed Peter she increased her speed as she didn't want Peter to catch up with her. Suddenly Peter remembered that a few yards ahead of them there was no road as the bridge across the river was under repairs. Peter realised that the girl would run a terrible risk in case she tried to cross the bridge. He cried out to her to stop, but it was too late. The girl had reached the bridge and at once Peter saw her lose balance and fall into the water together with her bicycle. When Peter rode up he saw the girl holding on to a board standing in the water. Without a moment's hesitation he jumped into the water as he wanted to help the girl. The current under the bridge was very strong and Peter had to swim against it. At last he swam up to the board and saw the girl's frightened eyes looking at him with hope. "Can you swim?" asked Peter but the girl shook her head.
Peter ordered the girl to hold on to his neck and they both started for the bank. It was very difficult for Peter to swim with such a burden and at moments it seemed to him that he could not stand the strain and that they both would be drowned. When they reached the bank, Peter was so tired that he could hardly breathe. When he came to himself he saw the girl looking at him with admiration.
"You are a real hero", she said. "You are the bravest boy I've ever met", and she smiled. And it was at that moment that Peter felt a great confidence in himself. He was afraid of nothing now, he was able to overcome any difficulty.
Lesson 11
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Albert Einstein
On March 29, 1919, there was an eclipse of the Sun. It was a particularly important eclipse. For years astronomers had eagerly awaited it, since it would enable them to check a revolutionary new theory in physics, proposed four years earlier by a scientist named Albert Einstein.
On the day of the eclipse one group of astronomers was stationed in Northern Brazil, another on an island of the western coast of Africa. Delicate cameras were set up and waiting. Pictures would be taken during the eclipse – not of the eclipsed Sun, but of the stars that appear in the suddenly darkened sky around the Sun.
Einstein had said that the position of the stars would be somewhat changed, since the rays of starlight passing near the Sun would be bent by the Sun's mass. To many scientists this sounded impossible. How could light, which was immaterial, they argued, be affected by gravity? If Einstein were correct, the picture of the Universe built up by the great Newton more than two hundred years earlier would have to be considerably revised.
The eclipse came. The pictures were taken and developed. The distances of the stars from the Sun and from one another were carefully measured. There could be no doubt about the results. Einstein was right. The light rays had been bent by the attraction of the Sun. One of the key points of Einstein's theory had been experimentally confirmed.
It was said that only twelve persons in the world really understood exactly at that time what Einstein meant in his theory of relativity. Yet throughout the civilized world everyone who read the newspapers knew that Einstein was a genius, that he had overthrown the foundations on which physics, chemistry and astronomy had rested for two hundred years, and upset all earlier concepts of the Universe. Later they learned that this revolution had made possible the development of the photoelectric cell, television, a whole series of electronic inventions, and, finally, the harnessing of atomic energy.
Vocabulary Exercises