D. Complete sentences 1-6 about free trade with a-f below

1) Free trade exists when goods can be traded easily between countries ... 2) Protectionism is where countries try to protect home producers ... 3) One way they do this is by using tank's... 4) Another way is by using quotas which limit ... 5) Domestic manufacturers often complain that foreign competitors ... 6) Exporters, on the other hand, often complain about …

a) ... which are a kind of tax on imported goods. b) ... complicated bureaucracy and complex customs regulations. c) ... without restrictions. d) ... the number or quantity of goods that can be imported. e) ... from foreign competition and cheap imports. f) ... try to destroy them by dumping their goods at very low prices.

E. Complete these sentences with the words in italics from D.

1) These new import … make our products 50% more expensive.

2) Government … limit the import of luxury cars to just 200 each year.

3) … is a very good idea in principle, but in practice we … need to help domestic manufacturers to survive.

4) This … is awful; just look at all these forms we've got to fill in.

5) We can't compete with their prices; they must be… their goods to put us out of business.

F. Complete this summary about protectionism with the words from the box.

imports profit unfair competition kills the local competition dump their goods balance of trade manufacturing their own goods

Protectionism is justified for developing countries when they want to start _{(a) …} This helps them become less dependent on _(b) … and this is good for the country’s _(c) … Protectionism is even justified for developed countries when they have problems with _{(d) …}, for example, when aggressive competitors _(e) … The competitor doesn't make _(f) … but it _{(g) …}

Speaking

Discuss these questions with your partner.

1) What advantages of geography, people, and natural resources does your own country have?

2) How has it exploited its comparative advantages?

3) Are trade restrictions a good thing or a bad thing in your opinion? Why?

4) Do you know whether your country uses tariffs or quotas on imports?

5) Do you think any country has a completely open economy?

Listening: Free Trade

(Market Leader, New Edition, Intermediate Business English CB by D. Cotton, Unit 1)

Writing

Write an essay “The trade partnerships of your country with other nations”. First, do some research and find out what and how your country trades with others. Then use this plan to organise your answer.

INTRODUCTION	- Explain that you are going to write about your government's trade partnerships nowadays. - Mention that historically these partnerships haven't always been the same.
PARAGRAPH 1	- What absolute advantages does your country have (natural resources or strong industries)? - What are the main exports from your country (goods and services)? - Which countries do they go to? - How does this affect your country's international trading?
PARAGRAPH 2	- What are the main imports into your country, and where are they from? Why are these imported? - Do other countries have an absolute or comparative advantage in these goods?
PARAGRAPH 3	- Are there any barriers to trade? If there are, why do they exist?
CONCLUSION	- Sum up your country's international trading partnerships in two sentences. Write 200-250 words

Module 3 Business Correspondence

Reading 1: Business letters

A. Study the following example of a business letter.

Letterhead or Heading	Compuvision Ltd Warwick House Warwick Street Forest Hill London SE23 1JF UK
Reference (File Number)	Your ref. 6 May 20__ Your ref. DS/MR
Date	11 May 20___
Inside Address	Messers Pooles&Jackson Ltd Bredgrade 51 DK1260 Copenhagen K Denmark
Attention line	Attn Ms Kaasen (Private and Confidential)
Salutation	Dear Ms Kaasen
Subject Line	Non-payment of invoice 322/17
Body of the letter	It appears from our records that, despite several reminders, the above invoice remains unpaid. Unless the account is cleared within 14 days from the date of this letter, we shall take legal action.
Complimentary close	Yours sincerely.
Signature	Mary Rayner
Per pro	p.p. Donald Sampson
Job Title	Sales Manager
Enclosure (Added information)	Enc.
Copies	c.c. Messers Pooles & Jackson, Solisitors
PS

B. Read the text.

Being able to write a business letter is a skill that is easily learned. It is effective in establishing communication between business associates in a professional manner in many circumstances. A business letter represents you and your employer. So it doesn’t matter whether it comes from you or your administrative staff, it should be professionally written.

Headingincludesthe company’s logo, name, address and other contact and identifying information. If the company doesn’t have a letterhead, the company’s name and address can be written at the top of the page.

Sender Addressis usually included in the letterhead. Only the street address, city and zip code are written. The date line indicates when the letter was written.

Inside Address is the recipient’s address. Write a title such as Mr., Ms, Dr. The inside address should begin on line below the sender’s address or a little below the date. It should be left –handed

A salutation is your greeting. Most of the salutations begin with “Dear” followed by recipient’s name. If you don’t know the person’s name, you can use Dear Madam/Sir or the job title. If you don’t know the reader’s gender, you can use a nonsexist greeting like “to whom it may concern”.

Body of the letter:The first paragraph should always include why you are writing. Then you should explain the situation, suggestion or whatever message you aim at getting across the recipient. If you begin a new subject, write a new paragraph. The other paragraphs include the reasons.

Complimentary closing:You should end the letter with an appropriate closing like “Sincerely”, “Best Regards”, “Respectfully yours”. It should be short and polite.

Signature: You should write your full or business name below the close. Between your name and enclosure part, you should hand write your signature in ink.