On “Do’s and Don’ts” in Greetings and in Addressing People

РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ

Федеральное агентство по образованию

Государственное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

ТЮМЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра иностранных языков естественных факультетов

Л.В. Скороходова

Английский язык

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов биологических

специальностей и направлений

Часть 1

Издательство

Тюменского государственного университета

УДК 711.111(075.8)

ББК Ш143.21- 923

С 447

Л.В.Скороходова. Английский язык. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов биологических специальностей и направлений. Часть 1. Тюмень: Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2007, 130 с.

Данное пособие предназначено для первого этапа обучения английскому языку студентов биологического факультета очного и заочного отделения. Основной целью пособия является дальнейшее совершенствование навыков, полученных в общеобразовательной школе, а так же обогащение лексического запаса для чтения и понимания специальной литературы средней трудности.

Тексты пособия подобраны с учётом разговорных тем, предусмотренных рабочей программой. При формулировке заданий в разделах Vocabulary, Reading, Grammar и Speaking учитывался принцип коммуникативного подхода к обучению.

Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков естественных факультетов.

РЕЦЕНЗЕНТЫ: М.А. Елесина, ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков естественных факультетов ТюмГУ

Ю.П.Смирнова,к. филол. н.,доцент кафедры иностранных языков экономического факультета и поствузовского образования Башкирского государственного университета

ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАПИСКА

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов биологических специальностей и направлений. При отборе учебного материала соблюдались принципы, отвечающие современным требованиям методики обучения иностранным языкам: мотивация, коммуникативность, интегрированный подход.

Пособие состоит из 5 основных модулей (в каждом 2 раздела), справочного материала и словаря. Каждый раздел (Unit) включает в себя следующие блоки: Vocabulary, Reading, Speaking и Grammar.

Рекомендуется начинать урок с лексических упражнений для снятия трудностей при работе с текстом. При наличии в тексте нового и достаточно сложного грамматического материала, можно использовать упражнения грамматического блока. Если группа имеет высокий уровень подготовленности, их можно рекомендовать для самостоятельного выполнения в качестве домашнего задания.

Раздел Reading содержит тексты, отвечающие тематике модуля, дополненные заданиями для обучения разным видам чтения. Перевод текста должен быть одним из основных видов деятельности при работе в аудитории, так как в присутствии преподавателя это даёт возможность формировать у учащегося правильные навыки перевода.

Раздел Speaking состоит из ряда коммуникативных заданий, стимулирующих разговорную речь. Очень важно, чтобы учащийся, работая над упражнениями, не выполнял их механически, формально, а всякий раз бы обдумывал, «переживал» сказанное.

Все упражнения пособия могут быть выполнены в письменном виде. Письмо является необходимым условием формирования грамотной, правильной речи на иностранном языке, особенно у взрослых учащихся.

Module 1

Unit 1

Introducing yourself

Vocabulary

Match the columns A and B.

A 1 get acquainted 2 have a nodding acquaintance with 3 introduce smb to smb 4 know smb by sight 5 shake hands 6 spell one’s name 7 close friend 8 bosom friend 9 make friends with smb 10 make a friendly chat

B a поболтать b назвать по буквам c познакомиться с кем-либо d представить кого-либо e знать в лицо f подружиться g закадычный друг h шапочное знакомство i пожимать руку j близкий друг

1.2 Choose the correct word or phrase in each question and match it with the suitable answer.

a) What’s your name / What do you call? 1. 1146, Black Lion Drive

b) How old / age are you? 2. Three weeks.

c) Where do you stay / live? 3. I’m 19.

d) What’s your house / address? 4. In Los Angeles.

e) Which country do you come / live from? 5. No, I’m a student.

f) What’s your day of birthday / birth? 6. The United States.

g) How long do you want to stay / pass here? 7. Ann-Marie Davis.

h) Have you got a work / job? 8. 3 November, 1989.

Reading

1.3 Read the text below and answer the questions:

1.Is “How do you do” a question?

2.What answer does it need?

3.Is it a formal greeting?

4.When is this greeting used?

5.What do you say to the greeting “How are you”?

6.When do you usually say “Good morning”, “Good afternoon” and “Good evening”?

7.How do you address a married woman (an unmarried woman, a man)?

Speaking

Meeting people

Greetings

Make up your own dialogues.

a) You meet a friend of yours after your summer holiday.

b) You are invited to your friend’s in the evening. You are not acquainted with his (her) parents. Your friend is introducing you to his parents.

c) It’s morning. You are late for class. Greet your teacher. Explain to her (him) what you were delayed by.

Saying Good-bye to People

1.8 Read and remember bits of conversations.

a) - Are you going my way?

- I’m afraid not. I’ve got to do some shopping.

- Good luck. Bye-bye.

- See you tomorrow.

b) - Dan, I’m sorry, I must hurry. You see, I have to go to the doctor. Good bye!

- So long, Ben!

c) - Minnie, the train starts in 5 minutes.

- Oh, you have to hurry. Have a good trip and safe! Keep well!

d) - Steve, I’m going to the sea-side for my holiday.

- Have a good holiday, Jane.

- Thanks. Have a good time!

e) – I am going to the country for the weekend.

- A good weekend!

- The same to you!

- Thank you.

Personal details

1.11 Read the text below and ask special questions. Start with the words What / When / Where / How old / How many?

My name is Nick. My surname is Orlov. I live in Tyumen. My address is Flat 2, 16, Kalinin Street. My telephone number is 46-84-33.I was born on the first of October in 1988 so now I’m 18. I’m a student of Tyumen State University (TSU). I study at the Faculty of Biology. It is situated at 3, Pirogov Street. There are two departments at our faculty: Biology and Bioecology. I’ll be a Biologist after graduating our University.

Grammar

Personal pronouns as subjects	Personal pronouns as objects	Possessive adjectives	Possessive pronouns
I You He/She/It We They	me you him/her/it us them	my your his/her/ its our their	mine yours his/hers/- ours theirs

Write the dates as words.

Example: 12/05 – the twelfth of May

a) 21/6 b) 19/3 c) 2/8 d) 31/10 e) 15/2 f) 1/5 g) 20/1 h) 16/11

The Verb to be

Affirmative Long form Short form	Negative Long form Short form	Interrogative
I am I’m You are You’re He is He’s She is She’s It is It’s We are We’re They are They’re	I am not I’m not You are not You aren’t He is not He isn’t She is not She isn’t It is not It isn’t We are not We aren’t They are not They aren’t	Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are they?

4. Put am, is, are in each space.

a) I …a first-year student.

b) My friend … an engineer.

c) Jack … a farmer. He … from a small Scottish town.

d) They … our new friends. They … from Wales.

e) Ann and Nick … at home now.

f) My native town … in the center of England.

g) Monkeys … very funny animals.

h) Mr. Davidson … a University professor. He … a very intelligent man. His hobby … rugby. His students … very happy to have such a good teacher.

Unit 2

The Natural World

Vocabulary

2.1 Label the parts of the animals: head, eye, hand, leg, arm, ear, tail, foot, teeth, claws, beak, wing, neck, trunk, tusk, paw, whiskers.

On “Do’s and Don’ts” in Greetings and in Addressing People - student2.ru

1 —

The rabbit

The rabbit is very pretty. It has a grey or white warm coat of ...1... Its …2… are long and stand up straight. They are ready to catch the slightest sound.

If you open a rabbit’s ...3.., you will find it full of sharp …4... With them the rabbit can bite off the sweet fresh grass.

The rabbit’s food is cabbage leaves, corn, and ...5….

When the young rabbits are born, they have no fur, and they are quite …6…. But the fur soon begins to grow, and in about nine days they open their …7…. The young rabbits are merry little creatures, and play with one another just as children do. Wild rabbits live in holes which they make in the ground. They dig out the sand with their strong fore …8… and sharp …9…. Their home is called a burrow.

Here the rabbit makes its nest. It pulls the fur from its own …10… to make a warm nest for its young ones. Rabbits are very friendly and many hundreds of them live together.

People can easily …11… the rabbit. Many people in the country keep rabbits on their farms.

Complete the sentences.

1. The rabbit is …

2. Its ears are ready …

3. In its mouth there are …

4. It eats …

5. The young rabbits …

6. Wild rabbits live …, which are called …

7. To make a warm nest, the rabbits …

8. People can easily …

Reading

The World around Us

There are six billion people in the world and they live in different corners of it. They live on the snow and ice of the poles and in the tropical jungles on the equator. They live in the forests and in the deserts, on the river banks and by the sea. Some decades ago they even left the Earth and visited the Moon.

The human species is the most numerous and the most powerful of all the animals on earth. How did it happen? In many ways, animals can do things better than people. Dogs can smell and hear better than human beings. Cats can see in the dark. Birds can fly. But no other animal builds cathedrals, plays football, tells jokes, gets married, writes books, elects presidents, or goes to the Moon.

There is one thing above all that makes people and animals different. People love to talk. We are the great communicators! And we can communicate so many things in so many ways – with our faces, our hands, our bodies, and our voices. Most important of all, we can record what we say and think in writing, so that we can communicate through time. We have a sense of past and future, not just present.

We are the only species that can change the world, and we are the only species that can choose either to look after our world or to destroy it.

Using the Land

Some land is used for parks and gardens where we often grow trees and plants. They are living things with roots and leaves. First, you plant the tree or plant (you put them in the ground), then you must water them. Land in the country is often used for agriculture or farming. Some farms concentrate on dairy products such as milk, butter and cheese. Other farms keep animals which are killed and sold for their meat, e.g. cows and lambs.

Some farms use the land to grow fruit (apples, pears, cherries, etc.) or vegetables (potatoes, carrots, cabbage, etc.) Some grow cereals: wheat, maize and barley. When they are ready, farmers pick the fruit and harvest the other crops.

There are many large flowing plants that are parasites attacking crops and trees. These parasitic plants are members of various botanical families. Some of them attack only another plant’s roots, others attack only the stems. There are even trees that attack other trees in Brazil and Australia.

Speaking

2.15 Think of an animal or a plant. Your partner tries to guess its name. He/she can ask you only yes/no questions.

Example: - Is it a rare animal?

- Yes, it is. - Does it live in the forest? - Yes, in the jungle. - Is it big? - Yes, it is. - Does it eat plants?

- Yes, it does. And sometimes fish. - Is its coat black and white? - Yes, it is. - Is it panda? - Yes, it is.

Grammar

	can	can’t
Ability Possibility Permission	I can ride a horse. The winter can be warm. You can go there if you like.	I can’t drive. Water can’t freeze above 0⁰C You can’t smoke on the plane.

Circle the correct form.

1. We can/can’t go out. It’s raining.

2. We can/can’t go out now. The sun is shining.

3. Laura can/can’t take us to London. She’s got a car.

4. Laura can/can’t take us to London. Her sister is repairing her car.

5. I can/can’t help you with your English homework. I’m good at English.

6. I can/can’t help you with your English homework. I’m not very good at English.

2. Complete these sentences with can or can’t. Do they mean Ability (A), Possibility (Pos) or Permission (P)?

1. …I invite my friends to the party too?

2. Sarah … drive to work because she doesn’t have a car.

3. … animals talk, do you think?

4. I … have practice in Biology at the end of the first course.

5. Paul … sleep because he is very excited about his exam tomorrow.

There	Is Isn’t	a problem with your theory. any sugar left.
There	are aren’t	many students here today. any problems any more.

Is there any sugar?	Yes, there is / No, there isn’t.
Are there any problems?	Yes, there are / No, there aren’t.

3. Fill in there is or there are.

1. … a sofa in the room.

2. … a cinema in your street? Yes, …

3. How many programmes … on your TV?

4. … trees and plants everywhere.

5. … sheep and cows on their farm? No, …

Comparison of Adjectives

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
long large big happy modern beautiful Remember! much/many little good bad far	longer than larger bigger happier more modern more beautiful more less better worse farther/further	the longestof/in the largest the biggest the happiest the mostmodern the mostbeautiful the most the least the best the worst the farthest/furthest

Module 2

Unit 3

Family Life

Vocabulary

The Martinelli family

Reading

My Family

I am Alex Sidorov. Alex is my first name and Sidorov is my surname. I am under 19. I want to tell you a few words about my family. It is rather large. There are 6 of us in the family: a mother, a father, a sister, a brother and a grandmother. Almost all of us are biologists.

My mother is a teacher of Biology. She works in a college and likes her profession. She is a good-looking woman with brown hair and green eyes. She is in her late forties but she looks much younger. She is tall and slim.

My father has assumed as assistant director of research institute. He is finishing his dissertation now. He is a broad-shouldered, tall man with fair hair and grey eyes. He is 46. My father often sings and when we are at home and have some free time, I play the guitar and we sing together.

My parents have been married for 26 years. They have much in common, but they have different views on music, books and films. For example, my father likes horror films and my mother likes “soap operas”. My father is fond of tennis. My mother isn’t interested in sports. But my parents have the same opinion about my education and upbringing.

My parents are hard-working people. My mother keeps house and takes care of me and my father. She is very good at cooking and she is clever with her hands. She is very practical. My father and I try to help her with the housework. I wash the dishes, go shopping and tidy our flat.

`My grandmother is a pensioner. She lives with us and helps to run the house. She is fond of knitting.

My sister Helen is in her middle twenties. She is married and has a family of her own. She works as a marine biologist. She studies marine populations and physiology at the oceanography center. Her husband is a biochemist. He spends most of the day in a lab, analyzing tissue samples and designing and carrying out research projects to test new hypotheses. They’ve got twins: a daughter and a son. People often confuse them because they look very much alike. They go to a nursery school.

My brother Boris is eleven. He is a schoolboy. He wants to become a doctor but he is not sure yet. Three months ago he dreamed of being a cosmonaut.

As for me, I think I take after my father. I’m tall, fair-haired and even-tempered. I always try to be in a good mood. I’m a third-year student of the faculty of Biology. But I have a part-time job. I work as a biological technician at my father’s institute. I operate equipment, conduct tests and record data for more senior researchers. I spend significant time performing routine tasks. The hours can be long, and most time is spent in the lab.

In conclusion I should say that all of us love what we do. We put in long hours, compelled by our dedication to work beyond the requirements of our job. Significant time at the lab, in the field, and at lectures and conferences all contribute to many biologists’ lack of a personal life outside the discipline. Biologists often choose to spend more time with other biologists because they better understand each other’s devotion to their work.

Speaking

Grammar

The verb to have (got)

Affirmative Long form Short form	Negative Long form Short form	Interrogative
I have (got ) I’ve (got) You have You’ve He has He’s She has She’s It has It’s We have We’ve They have They’ve	I have not (got) I haven’t (got) You have not You haven’t He has not He hasn’t She has not She hasn’t It has not It hasn’t We have not We haven’t They have not They haven’t	Have I (got)? Have you? Has he? Has she? Has he? Have we? Have they?

1. Fill in the blanks withhave got orhas got.

a) I … a walkman. b) John … black hair. c) We …not … a boat. d) They … a garden.

e) You … blue eyes. f) He … not … a pen. g) She … a car. h) How many pets …you …?

2. Use have or be in the right form.

The Camel

In some parts of the world there … large deserts. There … no trees and no water there. The only animal that can walk through the desert … the camel. The camel … very big. It … got one or two lumps on its back, short ears and a long tail. The camel’s food … grass and branches of trees.

Present Simple

Affirmative	Negative Long form Short form	Interrogative
I talk You talk He talks She talks It talks We talk They talk	I do not talk I don’t talk You do not talk You don’t talk He does not talk He doesn’ttalk She does not talk She doesn’t talk It does not talk It doesn’t talk We do not talk We don’t talk They do not talk They don’t talk	Do I talk? Do you talk? Does he talk? Does she talk? Does it talk? Do we talk? Do they talk?

Time Expressions used with Present Simple:

Every day / morning / year; in the morning / afternoon / evening; at night; always; usually; often; never; rarely; sometimes; in 2007 etc.

Unit 4

Pets

Vocabulary

Reading and speaking

Pet Animals

Pet is a tame animal that is kept at home. People keep them at home for different reasons, but mainly to provide companionship and amusement.

It is useful to keep pets because from looking after their pets, people can learn the meaning of responsibilities. They are responsible for feeding the pets and cleaning out the cages and boxes.

The most popular pets are dogs and cats. But such animals as goldfish, birds (parrots, budgies and canaries), hamsters, white mice, rabbits, tortoises, guinea pigs are popular too.

Many people prefer dogs and cats as pets. They are easier to look after and return affection. In particular they provide companionship which can be very important for a person living alone.

The cat

Our cats were first tamed in Egypt. There are many kinds of cats today: white cats, black cats, grey cats, red cats, cats with long tails, cats with bushy tails, and cats with no tails at all. You can make great friends with cats, but they are never quite so free and loving as dogs.

Jane: Oh, Dad, look at this pretty cat. See what a nice coat she has.

Dad: Yes, it is very thick and warm. The cat must have a good coat to keep her warm.

Jane: There is something very strange about her feet, Nick. When I first took them in my hand I could feel some sharp points, and now I cannot find them. Where are they?

Dad: That’s her claws. She has pulled them in, so that they will not scratch you. Feel her paws. Aren’t they soft? But there are sharp claws in them.

Jane: What a strange noise the cat is making? Is she singing?

Dad: Yes, she is singing because she is happy, and you are kind to her. She is saying, “Purr, purr!”

Jane: I’m looking into her eyes. They are green and yellow. Why does she keep them almost shut?

Dad: The cat’s eyes can see in the dark and in the light. The light of day is too strong for her eyes, and she often shuts them. But at night, when there is only a little light, she opens her eyes very wide.

Jane: Now I know! When it is dark, mice come out of their holes to look for food, and the cat can see them.

Dad: Yes, and she can run so quickly that she soon catches the mouse and eats it.

The Parrot

Parrots live in the forests of South America, where summer lasts all the year round. The parrot makes its home in the forest, because there it can find shade in the heat of the day.

Parrots eat fruit and nuts. They like wild cherries best of all. They like them because of the stones. The beak of the parrot is very sharp and it cracks these stones easily.

Parrots like to bathe very much. They fly till they find water. They deepen into the water and splash it over their feathers. Then they sit in the sun till they are dry. In the middle of the day when the heat becomes very intense the parrots sit in the trees and sleep. But in the evening, when the sun is going down, they wake up. They eat fruit, go to the water and bathe again. Only after that they go to rest for the night. Their sleeping-room is a hollow tree. The she-parrot lays her eggs in these hollow trees.

My pets

My English pen-friend told me about his pet in his letters. I envy him. He’s got a white pony. His parents own a farm so he has an opportunity to keep this kind of pet. But I don’t think there are a lot of such lucky people in England. So there aren’t in Russia. But I’m sure every child and teenager dreams of a pet, so warm and lively. My pen-friend wrote that lots of families in Great Britain have got one or more pets. Dogs are the favourite pets and there are about 6 million of them in Britain. The second favourite are cats (about 5 million) and third favourite is a bird-budgie. Some families keep other animals as pets in their homes. The English are real pet lovers. They buy nice food for their pets in pet shops.

Now we can buy the same food in pet shops as well. Being a child I remember zoo shops in Moscow. There were 3 of them. One could buy a bird, a baby of tortoise, hamster, white mouse, rat, different beautiful fish and food for them, some special worms for fishing in that shops but if you made up your mind to buy a puppy or a kitten you had to go to so called Bird Market. I do not know why it was Bird Market for one could buy there practically every kind of animal or bird both domestic and wild.

I had a pet when I was a kid. He was a Scotch sheep-dog. I can’t say about him “it”. He was my nurse. My mum taught him not to bark when I was sleeping and he used to run up to her and whimper when the hell was ringing. He had narrow brown “Asiatic” eyes. His name was Tuan. We took him from a dog-club and he was very pure-bred. So we had to find the name beginning with the letters “t” and “u”. For some time we couldn’t manage it. And one day mum said, “Let’s call him Tuan. I’ve read a story written by Somerset Maugham and this word was in that story. In Indonesian it means “a man, a master, a commander”. Such a man, a master my dog was. But so tactful, patient, so full of love person he was. A real master of the whole house. Mum told me my dog taught her to be tender and patient with any baby, both human and animal. Later I took care of him, fed him and took him for a walk.

Dogs can live 15 years but my darling was gone at the age of 11. We couldn’t take another dog, we missed him so much. Now we have a tortoise. My tortoise likes eating lettuce and cabbage. She also likes cucumbers. She likes a bath in hot weather.

In October she gets sleepy, so I put her in a big box and keep it in a warm room. She sleeps all winter and wakes up in March.

The tortoise knows her name. She puts out her head when I call her. She likes me stroking her head.

I’ve got two budgies too. I made a big cage for them. I change their water once a day. I also give them seed and some lettuce every day. I clean the cage every day. At night I cover their cage with cloth. My budgies like playing with a swing in their cage, ringing a bell and looking at mirror. I’m teaching them to talk. One can already say “Hello”.

Speaking

Read the dialogue and find the difference between a tortoise and a turtle. Then make your own dialogue. Tell about the pets you have got now or used to have before or maybe you’d like to have. Use the texts above if you need.

- Have you got a pet now?

- Yes, I have.

- What is it? Is it a bird or an animal?

- It is an animal.

- What kind of animal is it?

- It is a tortoise.

- Are you sure it is a tortoise and not a turtle?

- Yes, I am.

- Why are you so sure?

- By chance a man in Crimea told me it was. Once I took my pet along with me to the Crimea for my vacations. He looked at its legs and said it was a tortoise. Later I visited the Institute of the Southern Seas in the city of Sevastopol and saw turtles in the sea-aquarium. Their legs differ from that of tortoises. By the way that aquarium was established by Mickluho-Macklay, and now the institute has a very rich collection of different sea animals and fish.

- What do you feed your pet?

- I give it cabbage, carrot, apple and other fruit and vegetables.

- Does your pet appreciate you?

- I don’t know. But I do so much.

Missing

Lost:Mitzi the cat

Age:1)… years old

Description:grey and 2)…, with a long 3)… tail, one black paw and green 4)…

Went missing on: 5)…, near Church St.

Reward:6)…

Please call:7)…

Grammar

1. Give the plural of the following nouns:

cat tomato man fish

dog family woman deer

glass donkey mouse ox

fox leaf foot goose

potato wife sheep tooth

Present Continuous

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I amtalking You are talking He/she/it istalking We are talking They aretalking	I am not talking You are not talking He/she/it is nottalking We are not talking They are not talking	AmI talking? Are you talking? Is he/she/it talking? Are we talking? Are they talking?

Time expressions used with the Present Continuous:

now, at the moment, at present.

Module 3

Unit 5

Appearance

Vocabulary

Text 1

He saw a tall, handsome woman dressed with careful and expensive informality in a black cashmere sweater with a silk scarf at the throat and fawn trousers. It was a distinguished face with deep-set, widely-spaced eyes beneath straight brows, a well-shaped, rather secretive mouth and strong, graying hair swept upwards and curled into a chignon.

(Adapted from Devices and Desires by P. D. James)

Text 2

She wore a pale blue sweater and a grey flannel skirt, schoolgirl’s clothes, which made her seem younger than her age. She was about twenty-five. Her face was framed by thick hair, in a colour midway between blonde and brown, and held back by a black velvet band. The skin was fine and she had large, rather beautiful dark blue eyes, with long colourless lashes.

(Adapted from Lewis Percy by Anita Brookner)

Text 3

Temple was a small stocky man in his early forties. His jaw line had long ago disappeared into one of his chins. His pepper and salt hair was cut short with a parting in the middle and he had a dark bushy drooping moustache that grew well over his top lip. His nose was small, almost snub, and his eyes were pale.

(Adapted from The Icecream War by William Boyd)

Glossary Browseyebrows Chignona type of hairstyle popular with older women. The hair is twisted into a kind of knot at the back of the head. Lasheseyelashes Pepper and salt hairhair which has both black and grey mixed in it Fawn beige

Reading

5.6 Read the extract from the book by Jack London. How does he describe:

a) Martin’s hair? b) Martin’s eyes? c) Martin’s mouth?

Looking in the mirror

He got up and tried to see himself in the dirty looking glass over the washstand. He saw the head and face of a young fellow of twenty. Above a square-domed forehead he saw a mop of brown hair, nut-brown, with a wave to it and hints of curls, making hands tingle to stroke it. But he passed it by, and dwelt long and thoughtfully on the high square forehead. What kind of brain lay behind it?

He wondered if there was soul in those steel-grey eyes that were often quite blue of colour and that were strong with the salty air of the sea. Well, they were honest eyes, he concluded. The brown sunburn of his face surprised him.

His mouth might have been an angel’s mouth, had not the full, sensuous lips a habit of drawing firmly across the teeth. At times so tightly did they draw, the mouth became stern and harsh. The chin and jaw were strong and just hinting of square aggressiveness. And between the lips were teeth that were white and strong and regular.

Speaking

Dramatize the situations.

1. You witnessed a bank robbery. Describe the criminals to the policemen.

2. You are a member of a beauty contest jury. Discuss the participants and choose the most beautiful girl.

3. You came home on holiday and tell your mother about your roommate.

4. You met a wonderful man on the train. Tell about him.

Grammar

Past Simple of the verb “to be”

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I was You/we/they were He/she/it was	I was not (wasn’t) You/we/they were not (weren’t) He/she/it was not(wasn’t)	Was I? Were you/we/they? Was he/she/it?

1. Fill in the blanks with “am”, “is”, “are”, “was” or “were”

Today I 1) … at home. It 2) … Saturday morning and it 3) … very cold. It’s only a month since my family and I 4) … on holiday in Portugal. The weather 5) … fantastic; it 6) … really hot and sunny. We 7) … all happy then. It 8) … not long ago, of course, but I 9) … already missing the sun and the sea. Well, it 10) … nice to be back home with all our friends.

Adjective word order

When describing people’s appearance, the following order of adjectives is generally correct. It is unusual in speech to combine more than two or three adjectives before a noun. Eyes: quality + size + shape + colour Big blue eyes Beautiful blue eyes Clothes: quality + size + shape + colour + material A smart green jacket A long-sleeved black woolen sweater Hair: quality + length + texture + style + colour Shoulder-length wavy brown hair Lovely thick blonde hair

Unit 6

Character

Vocabulary

Reading

Speaking

Topics for discussion.

1. What are the traits of an ideal wife/husband? Do you think it’s good to live with an ideal?

2. What makes a student popular/unpopular with others?

3. What do you think is more important: beauty or character?

4. Speak about your pet’s character.

Grammar

Complete the tag questions.

a) Steve is a vet,…? b) They are not farmers, …? c) You have no pets, …? d) Your cousin has a parrot, …? e) Jane is speaking on the telephone, ..?

f) They usually spend their holidays in the Caucasus, …? g) His friend lives in Paris, …? h) My sister didn’t study English at school, .…? i) My mother bought a new suit, …?

Module 4

Unit 7

Daily Routines

Vocabulary

7.1 Listen and repeat the times.

1:00 – It’s one o’clock.

1:10 – It’s ten past one.

1:15 – It’s a quarter past one.

1:30 – It’s half past one.

1:40 – It’s twenty to two.

1:45 – It’s a quarter to two.

7.2 In pairs, ask and say the times.

A: What time is it?

B: It’s seven o’clock.

3:20 5:50 9:15 11:30 2:45 6:35 7:05

Note

- You can also use numbers to say the time. E.g. 9.15 – nine fifteen.

- In Britain, the twenty-four-hour clock, e.g. 23:30, is only used for programmes, timetables and notices.

- 10 a.m. – ten o’clock in the morning

- 3 p.m. – three o’clock in the afternoon.

- 6 p.m. – six o’clock in the evening

- 11 p.m. – eleven o’clock at night

- Noon, midday – 12:00 hours

- Midnight – 24:00 hours.

A B

6:20 to get up

6:25 to go to bed

6:30 to meet one’s friends

7:00 to return home

7:15 to have lunch

7:35 to leave the house

8:00 to have breakfast

12:00 to go jogging

17:00 to arrive at the university

17:35 to have a shower and get dressed

18:20 to have dinner

20:30 to make one’s bed

23:05 to do one’s homework

On “Do’s and Don’ts” in Greetings and in Addressing People - student2.ru 7.5 Match the symbols with the household jobs.

The cooking the shopping

the vacuuming the laundry

the washing up the ironing

7.6 Make notes of things you did yesterday. Now say what you were doing at the periods:

1 from 7 a.m. till 8 a.m.

2 from 8 a.m. till 1 p.m.

3 from 1p.m. till 11 p.m.

Example: Yesterday from 7.30 till 7.45 I was having breakfast.

Reading

A dolphin trainer

Joe Trounson trains dolphins. A typical day starts at 8 a.m. Joe checks that the water is clean and the correct temperature, then prepares the dolphins’ food. Each dolphin eats about 4.5 kg of fish a day. At 10 a.m. Joe starts the training.

“I usually swim with them for a while before the first show,” says Joe. “I always give them fish if they are good.”

During the show the dolphins do a lot of tricks. They jump out of the water, swim backwards on their tails, and take fish out of Joe’s mouth. Joe sometimes rides on a dolphin like a horse!

Joe doesn’t work alone. His friend Carol helps him with the training and the shows. “We work as a team,” says Carol. “Joe, myself, and the dolphins – Honey, Lulu, Smartie, Cookie and Snappie.”

Joe and Carol finish work at 7 p.m., but they don’t usually go home until much later. If a dolphin is ill, they stay at the pool and talk to the vet.

“It’s hard work, but I enjoy it,” says Joe. “Dolphins are lovely animals to work with.”

A student of TSU

I usually start my day with getting up and doing all things that everybody does in the morning: washing, having breakfast, etc. Also, I got used to gather my learning tools: pencils, exercise-books, text-books in the morning. Then I usually go to the university. Fortunately, my father takes a car every morning and he often picks me up and drives me to the doors of our university building.

And soon the lectures and seminars begin. We have from two to four classes every time, depending on the day. I like studying at the university more than at school because a student is much freer, than a pupil is.

After the lessons I usually return home where I have dinner and start thinking about my ways of spending the rest of the day. Very often I go to my friend’s place. During the early autumn and summer I often go to the sports ground or on the beach. I also like visiting different sport events. So, the world is full of enjoyable things to do.

On returning home I usually start doing my homework (perhaps, it is the dullest part of the day). Having finished it, I open a book and read it or watch TV. At last, I go to bed about midnight.

	Takashi Takashimi, a fashion designer	Joe Trounson, a dolphin trainer	Max Davidov, a student
1. Get up 2. Have breakfast 3. Work / study time 4. After work / study 5. Go to bed

Speaking

Grammar

Likes and dislikes	Agreeing	Disagreeing
I like/enjoy/hate shopping.	So do I.	I don’t.
I don’t like/don’t mind ironing.	Nor/Neither do I.	I do.

Past Continuous

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
I / he / she / it wasplaying	I / he / she / it was not (wasn’t) playing	WasI / he / she / it playing?
We / you / they wereplaying	We / you / they were not ( weren’t) playing	Werewe / you / they playing?

The time expressions:while, when, as, all morning / evening / day / week / etc.

6. Read the text. Identify the tenses (1 - 8). Find examples of:

a) actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past

b) an action which happened in the past

c) an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past

d) an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it

e) two simultaneous actions in the past which were in progress.

We 1) reached the hotel at 11:30 last night. It 2) was raining heavily at the time and we were tired, so we 3) checked in and 4) went straight to our room. It was past midnight. My sister 5) was havinga shower while I 6) was unpacking my suitcase. I 7) was putting my clothes in the wardrobe, when suddenly, I 8) heard someone trying to unlock our door.

Unit 8

Leisure time and hobbies

Vocabulary

8.2 Look through the types of activities and say which of them not hobbies are.

 Work (full or part-time job)

 Sleeping, eating, exercising

 Shopping

 Travelling

 Gardening and flower arranging

 Arts and crafts

 Media entertainment such as radio or television

 Religious practices that are purposeful, traditional and ritualistic

 Education or training

 Cooking

 Sports

Time

Work

Health

5. Location, i.e., a move to congregate housing or institution

6. Family Situation, i.e., loss of a help mate

Work role

Social Network

8.5 Which of the activities would you describe as the following:relaxing, exciting, dangerous, good for your health, a waste of time?

Windsurfing
Watching TV
Jogging
Drama
Dancing
Collecting autographs
Birdwatching
Painting
Gardening
Fishing
Playing some musical instrument
Growing plants
Breeding animals

What do we call them?

1) The man who swims in ice hole an amateur actor.

2) The person who collects stamps a bibliophile.

3) The man who is fond of books a fisherman.

4) The person who often goes a motorist.

to the theatre a numismatist.

5) The person who is fond of travelling a philatelist.

6) The man who goes in for sports is called a sportsman.

7) The person who is fond of cars a theatre-goer.

8) The man who is fond of angling a tourist.

9) The man who takes part in amateur a walrus.

performances

10) The person who collects coins of

different countries

Reading

Leisure in Boxhampton

This Water Parkis part of the Wessex Valley Regional Park. Fishing is permitted here for Water Park Club members only (minimum age 18). Sailing, swimming and other water sports available at club, with professional teachers.

The City Farmis for everyone who loves animals and wants to learn more about this working farm in the heart of the city. There are cows, sheep and chickens, and cheese and butter are made in the dairies. The farm is open daily. Children under 14 must come with an adult.

The Local Community Sports Centreoffers a variety of activities – table tennis,

snooker, indoor football and karate. It is open six days a week from 5 p.m. to

10.30 p.m.; a small charge is made for the use of equipment.

The Nature Clubmeets at weekends, usually on a Sunday afternoon. Members take part in walks and discussions. All age groups are welcome.

The Play Centreprovides free entertainment for the under fives with indoor and outdoor play areas. You may leave your child here for up to two hours at a time in any one day.

The Potter Centreis organised for retired people. It opens five days a week from 11.30 to 6.00. Cheap hot meals are provided at lunchtimes and different activities take place every afternoon. There is also a monthly theatre excursion.

The Adventure Playgroundin Rowan Street was built for children up to the age of 14. There are ropes, swings, slides and tree climbs with an adult in charge all the time. Open during school holidays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. A small charge is payable for each child.

8.11 The people below want to take part in one of these activities. Put a cross in the box to show which is the best activity for each person.

Text number	Water Park	City Farm	Community Sports Centre	Nature Club	Play Centre	Potter Centre	Adventure Play-ground

1. Mr. Smith has retired but dislikes being with groups of elderly people. Although he is still an energetic man he doesn't like sport; an opportunity to get away from the city would suit him.

2. The summer term has finished and Howard wants his seven-year-old son to play somewhere safe while he is at work.

3. Mrs. Muller wants someone to look after her three-year-old daughter for an hour twice a week while she goes to typing classes. She has very little money.

4. Steve is 16 and would like to take up a new sport. He's been thinking of trying sailing or perhaps a game he can play inside during the evening

5. Mark and his sister are 13 years old and full of energy. They love animals and want to be outdoors every morning but their parents are too busy to go with them.

Speaking

Grammar

Future Tenses

We use	Examples	Explanation
Be going to + Infinitive	1. He is going to fly to Rome tomorrow. 2. I like acting. I am going to be an actor. 3. Watch out! You are going to fall over.	1) to express things already decided in the near future. 2) to express intentions 3) when there is an evidence that something will definitely happen
Present Continuous	1. I’m getting married in June. 2. My cousin from Australia is coming next week.	to talk about future events that we have already fixed or arranged
Present Simple	1. The train leavesPlymouth at 11.30 and arrives in London at 14.45. 2. What time does the film begin? 3. I start my new job on Monday.	1) to talk about timetables, programmes etc. 2) for people if their plans are fixed like a timetable.

Will / shall + Infinitive without to

1. It’s cold. I’ll close the window. 2. It will rain tomorrow. 3. Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her? 4. If he comes early, we will go to the cinema. 5. I’ll go and pick them up as soon as the classes end.

1) to express on-the-spot decision. 2) to express predictions, promises, warnings, offers, requests etc. 3) with probably, I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wonder. 4) in time clauses after when, as soon as, after, before 5) in the first conditional sentences after if.

Relative pronouns

people	who / that
animals	that
things, places	which / that
positions, places	where
possession	whose

We can omit the relative pronouns which, that, or who in relative clauses if it is not the subject of the relative clause.

Module 5

Unit 9

Nutrition. Feeding Animals

Vocabulary

Reading

The Nutrition Revolution

Since the 1970’s eating habits in Britain have undergone a change. People have been encouraged by doctors, health experts and government advertisements to eat less fat and more fibre. Experts believe that fat is one of the main causes of obesity and heart disease. 40 per cent of adults in Britain are overweight, and Britain has one of the highest death rates due to cardiovascular diseases in the world. High fibre foods and low fat foods can now be found in all shops and supermarkets.

British people have also become more aware of calories, the energy value of food. Some people count the number of calories they eat every day, so that they can try to take in fewer calories and lose weight. This is called a calorie-controlled diet. Manufacturers are increasingly producing special foods with fewer calories for slimmers. One of the fastest-growing sectors of the food market in Britain today is slimming foods.

Food manufacturers have started to help the general public to make more informed choices about what they eat. Most food packaging gives information about the content of the food, and the ingredients are listed by law. This complex information service has made British people more aware of what they are putting in their mouths.

9.9 Read the text again and find the English for:

Традиции в питании (еде); продукты с высоким содержанием клетчатки; продукты с низким содержанием жира; специалисты в области здравоохранения; заболевания сердечно-сосудистой системы; лучше осознать что-либо; энергетическая ценность пищи; сидеть на диете с целью похудеть; диета, ограничивающая потребление лишних калорий; более осознанно (квалифицированно) подходить к выбору продуктов питания; список ингредиентов, допускаемых при производстве продуктов питания, ограничен законом.

Pet Nutrition

A lot of research has been done to determine the nutrient needs of dogs and cats. In fact, probably more is known about pet nutrition than human nutrition.

Incorrect feeding of a growing little one affects body weight, height and constitution of an animal. If the feeding is incorrect, our pets can develop various serious diseases. Unbalanced feeding can also reduce fertilization ability.

Feeding must be full (that is, should take into account the quality of nutrition), well-balanced (that is, should consider the interaction of certain substances in food and in the organism) and rational (should consider correct consumption of forage sources when scheduling a diet).

Most pet owners today feed their pets on commercial foods which are well- formulated and have no nutritional deficiencies. It is difficult to prepare a homemade diet that contains all the nutrients the animal requires so in most cases it is easier and safer to feed a commercial food.

In general both cats and dogs are omnivorous. They can eat meat, fish, milk, vegetable and grassy food. From time to time they eat grass or houseplants. In this way they get minerals and vitamins.

Correct the sentences.

1. Incorrect feeding affects only the constitution of an animal.

2. Unbalanced feeding reduces weight.

3. Well-balanced feeding means correct consumption of forage sources when scheduling a diet.

4. To feed a homemade food is easier and safer.

5. Cats and dogs should eat only grass.

Speaking

Feeding of dogs

Four or five meals a day are the rule from six weeks to three months: three meals – from 3 to 6 months; two meals – from 6 months to one year. After a year, a dog can do well on two or even one meal daily. In the early stages, two of the meals should be milk, with cereal added, and minced or chopped meat.

Supplementary vitamins and minerals should be given to all growing animals. Vitamins A and D are needed for bone development in puppies, but if given in excessive doses are capable of causing bone disease. Vitamin B complex is important at all ages, but especially in older dogs. Vitamin K is essential for normal blood clotting, and Vitamin E is associated with fat metabolism and fertility.

b) Make a dialogue of a vet and an owner of the dog. Start like this:

Vet: Good morning. Can I help you?

Owner: Yes. I’ve recently bought a dog. Could you give me some advises on feeding?

Vet: Sure. You should …

Kinds of Cat Food

Commercial cat foods come in three basic forms: dry, semi-moist and canned. Many owners feed their cats more than one type of food each day. The most important thing about choosing cat food is that the label says “complete and balanced”. Then any form of food is fine for a cat. Many owners feed a combination of dry and canned foods.

Semi-moist foods, once popular, are falling out of favour. While some cats loved them, the chemical odor was not appreciated by others. Many semi-moist foods are preserved with high sugar content and many contained propylene glycol, which can damage cats’ red blood cells. We do not recommend semi-moist diets, although an occasional semi-moist treat is all right.

Cats do not do well on one meal a day. Many owners leave dry food out all day for snacking and give one or two “meals” of canned food to their adult cats. Others do not like leaving food out and simply provide two larger meals a day. If food is left out all day some cats will overeat and become overweight.

Use the prompts below:

- What you really need to do is …

- You could / should …

- Have you thought of…?

- Have you tried …?

- The best thing you can do is …

Topics for discussion.

1. Choose two or three healthy foods and discuss their advantages with your group-mates.

2. Suggest a slimming diet to someone’s pet who has become obesic.

3. Discuss with your group-mates advantages and disadvantages of commercial foods for pets.

4. Advise a cat owner on how to feed his pet on fresh grass in winter.

Grammar