Pay attention to the correct pronunciation of the following words and read them aloud.
| chemistry | ['kemıstrı] |
| Curie | ['kjʊ(ǝ)rı] |
| isolate | ['aısǝleıt] |
| machine | [mǝ'ʃı:n] |
| medicine | ['meds(ǝ)n] |
| Sorbonne | [sɔrˈbɒn] |
Marie Curie was born Maria Sklodowski in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. She was the youngest of five children. Her parents 1) ……..as teachers and they brought her up to love learning. Her mother died in 1877. Manya, as they called her, and her sisters had to get jobs.
Manya became a tutor for a family. She enjoyed her 2)……..there and could send money to her father and her sister, Bronya, who was studyingmedicine in Paris.
When her sister got married, she invited Manya to live with them and study at the Sorbonne. It was then that she 3)……..her name to Marie. Marie studied Physics and Maths and got her Master’s degree in both subjects. When she graduated fromuniversity, she started research 4)……..magnetism. It was at that time she met Pierre Curie, a young scientist. They 5)…….. in love immediately and got married. Marie moved to his house and they both started examining uranium and other elements to decide whether they were radioactive. It 6)…….. four years to isolate the radioactive source which she named radium. For this, they 7)……. The Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. In 1906, her husband died in an accident and Marie got the position they had offered him at the Sorbonne.
In 1911, she got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 8)……. World War I, she designed the first X-Ray machine and travelled with it along the front lines.
Marie died in July, 1934 in Paris. She died 9)……. radiation poisoning. She worked hard and proved that if a person keeps to his goals, he will 10)…….. . For her, success came with the two Nobel Prizes she received and the fact that she was the first woman to ever get one. We allowe her our respect and admiration.
| 1 A taught | B worked | C were | D employed |
| 2 A time | B period | C term | D season |
| 3 A swapped | B altered | C changed | D replaced |
| 4 A with | B at | C into | D for |
| 5 A met | B fell | C were | D went |
| 6 A had | B lasted | C spent | D took |
| 7 A earned | B gained | C won | D achieved |
| 8 A As | B While | C During | D When |
| 9 A of | B by | C over | D with |
| 10 A reach | B achieve | C manage | D succeed |
List the events in Curie’s life in order they happened. Use your list to present Marie Curie to the class.
Unit 3
Choose the correct word from the table to complete the gaps in the text.
| a) heat energy | b) unit of energy | c) falls | d) outstanding physicists | e) heat |
| f) determined | g)refrigeration | h)phenomenon | i) energy | j)investigations |
Pay attention to the correct pronunciation of the following words and read them aloud.
| James Prescott Joule | ['dӡeımz 'preskǝt 'dӡu:l] |
| physicist | ['fızısıst] |
| thermodynamics | [,Ɵ'ɜ:mǝʊdaı'næmıks] |
| circuit | ['sɜ:kıt] |
| current | ['kʌrǝnt] |
JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE
James Prescott Joule, famous British physicist, was born in 1818, in England.
Joule was one of the most 1)...... of his time. He is best known for his research in electricity and thermodynamics. In the course of his 2)…… of the heat emitted in an electrical circuit, he formulated the law, now known as Joule’s law of electric heating. This law states that the amount of 3)….. produced each second in a conductor by electric current is proportional to the resistance of the conductor and to the square of the current. Joule experimentally verified the law of conservation of 4)……. in his study of the conversion of mechanical energy into 5)…… .
Joule 6)……. the numerical relation between heat and mechanical energy, or the mechanical equivalent of heat, using many independent methods. The 7)…… , called the joule, is named after him. It is equal to 1 watt-second. Together with the physicist William Thomson (Baron Kelvin), Joule found that the temperature of a gas 8)…… when it expands without doing any work. This 9)…… , which became known as the Joule-Thomson effect, lies in the operation of modern 10)…… and air-conditioning systems.
3. Find in the text the words having the similar meaning to:
| a) study, investigation | b) a flow of electric charge | c) preservation of a physical quantity during transformation or reactions | d) energy that causes things to become warmer | e)free, not subject to the control of another |
Answer the questions using the information from the text.
1. In what fields of science did Joule work?
2. What physical law did he formulate?
3. What phenomenon became known as Joule-Thomson effect?
5. These are answers to the questions about the text. Make questions for the answers:
1. For his research in electricity and thermodynamics.
2. Joule’s law of electric heating.
3. Yes, it is called the joule.
4. In the operation of modern refrigeration and air-conditioning systems.
Unit 4
A.M. Terpigorev
1. Read aloud:
a.[æ] — flat, 'manager, 'practical, me'chanics, 'graduate, 'capital
[e] — bed,' bedded, 'measure, de'fend, 'pressure, 'deputy, dealt,
head
[ɔː] — all, score, a'ward, 'order, born
[i:] — 'even, seam, de'gree, 'teacher
[ɑː] — hard, pass, class, draft, charge
[u:] — choose, soon, too, food
b. Read the following words and memorize how to pronounce them.
| academician | [əˌkadə'mɪʃ(ə)n] |
| diploma | [dɪp'lo͟umə] |
| elementary | [ˌelɪ'ment(ə)rɪ ], [ˌelə'ment(ə)rɪ] |
| senior | ['siːnɪə, 'siːnjə] |
| honour | ['ɔnə] |
| deputy | ['depjutɪ] |