Decide what title is more suitable for the text.

· Construction materials

· Properties of modern materials

· Advance composites

· Composite materials

· Glass fiber

2. Find in the text words having the similar meaning to:

1. strengthen	4. to manufacture
2.construction	5. to yield
3. admixture

3. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:

fiberglass; fiber; reinforced; expansion; matrix; ceramic; specific strength; specific stiffness;

4. Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases in the text:

композитные материалы; уникальные механические качества; полимерные матричные композиты; составлять 60% объема; привлекательные качества; структура, подвергающаяся воздействию.

Answer the questions about the text.

1. What is called «composite materials»?

2. What are the best properties of fiberglass?

3. What do composite materials usually consist of?

4. What is used as matrix in composites?

5. What is used as filler (наполнитель) or fibers in composites?

6. How are composite materials with ceramic and metal matrices called?

7. What are the advantages of composites?

8. What are the disadvantages of composite?

9. Why anisotropic properties should be taken into account?

These are answers to the questions about the text. Write the questions.

1. Composite materials usually have unique mechanical and physical properties because they combine the best properties of different materials.

2. Composites are used for structures such as bridges and boat-building.

3. The most widely used type of composite material is polymer matrix composites (PMCs).

4. Composites can also have other attractive properties, such as high thermal or electrical conductivity and a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

5. The advanced composites have high manufacturing costs, a complex process of fabricating composite materials.

Are the following sentences true or false? If they are false correct them.

1. None ferrous metals have unique mechanical and physical properties because they combine the best properties of different plastics.

2. Composite materials usually consist of synthetic fibers within a matrix, a material that surrounds and is tightly bound to the fibers.

3. Composites with metal matrices or ceramic matrices are called ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and metal matrix composites (MMCs) , respectively.

4. The specific strength (strength- to-density ratio) and specific stiffness (elastic modulus- to-density ratio) of continuous carbon fibre PMCs, for example, can be better than metal alloys have.

5. Forming strong connections between separate composite material components is simple.

Translate into Russian the third paragraph starting with the words

Continuous-fiber composites are generally required for structural applications… up to the words must take these anisotropic properties into account.

Part III

Famous people of science and engineering.

Unit 1

M.V. Lomonosov

1. In pairs answer the following questions:

1. Why Lomonosov is often called the founder of Russian science?

2. What did Lomonosov do in the field of Russian education?

Read the following words and pay attention to their correct pronunciation.

chemist	['kemɪst]
astronomer	[ə'strɔnəmə]
Marburg	['märˌbərg]
mercury	['mɜːkj(ə)rɪˌ 'mɜːkjurɪ]
heat	[hiːt]
Venus	['viːnəs]
Slavonic	[slə'vɔnɪk]

Learn new words and phrases.

to anticipate	[æn'tɪsɪpeɪt]
to revive	[rɪ'vaɪv]
innovator	['ɪnəuveɪtə]
Phlogiston theory	[flɔ'ʤɪstən `θɪərɪ]
commonly	['kɔmənlɪ]
motion	['məuʃ(ə)n]
to arrange	[ə'reɪnʤ]
to verify	['verɪfaɪ]
matter	['mætə]

Translate the following words into Russian.

development	[dɪ'veləpmənt]
mosaic	[məu'zeɪɪk]
achievement	[ə'ʧiːvmənt]
to establish	[ɪs'tæblɪʃ]
to appoint	[ə'pɔɪnt]
to reject	[rɪ'ʤekt]
to regard	[rɪ'gɑːd]