Чтение гласных букв в безударном слоге

· Сочетания er, or в безударном слоге передают звук [ ə ]. Например: better, doctor;

· Буква y в конечном неударном слоге читается как [ ɪ ]: Betty; в начале слова перед гласной читается как [ j ]: yes;

· Буквы e,i, y, a (с последующей немой e) читаются [ ɪ ]: delegate [ ˈdelɪɡɪt ];

· Суффикс -ateчитается [ ɪt ]в существительных и прилагательных, но в глаголах читается[ eɪt ]: to delegate [ tə ˈdelɪɡeɪt ];

· Буквы o, u, a (без последующей немой e) читаются [ ə ]: pilot [ ˈpaɪlət ], circus [ ˈsə:kəs ], cinema [ ˈsɪnɪmə ];

· Иногда u буква в неударном слоге имеет алфавитное чтение. Например: institute [ ˈɪnstɪtju:t ];

· Буква o в конечном положении не редуцируется, всегда читается [ əʊ ]: potato [ pəˈteɪtəʊ ];

· Если слог содержит конечную букву n или l, гласная совсем не читается: final [ ˈfaɪnl ], garden [ ˈɡɑ:dn ], lesson [ ˈlesn ];

· Большая часть диграфов в неударном положении также читается [ ɪ ]или [ ə ]: hockey [ ˈhɒkɪ ], famous [ ˈfeɪməs ];

· Диграф ow в конечном положении двусложных слов читается [ əʊ ]: window [ ˈwɪndəʊ ].

7. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Writer, teacher, driver, builder, creator, illustrator, plumber, sailor, actor, doctor, waiter, family, pity, Benny, sorry, yet, yard, a separate speaker note, to separate, sleepy, mystery, syntax , randy, oily, quandary, yellow, yawl, youth, yolk, college, minus, zero, roman, robot, stadium, mountain, Sunday, money, monkey, puppy, hospital, narrow, economy.

Чтение согласных букв и буквосочетаний

Буква s читается как:

· [ s ] в начале слов, перед согласной буквой, в конце слов после глухих согласных;

· [ z ] между гласными, в конце слов после гласных и звонких согласных.

8. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Lots, tops, nets, sets, notes, fogs, pets, nods, bills, foxes, kisses, beds, clocks, kids, sticks, themes, bells, mills, cities, tests, desks, bees, sees, best, send, these, close, self, nest, pencils, blocks, dogs, maps, lamps, rulers, mass, miss.

· Буква x читается как [ ɡz ] только перед ударной гласной, в остальных случаях – [ ks ]: exam [ ɪɡˈzæm ], six [ sɪks ], expect [ ɪksˈpekt ].

9. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Exist, exact, exempt, exult, exude, exam, exert, exotic, box, next, except, expect, wax, excellent, six, fix, tax, exceed, excel, exchange, exclaim, exile, expand, expense, explain, fax, oxen, ax, exit.

Буквосочетание th читается как:

· [ θ ] в большинстве знаменательных слов: thin, Smith;

· [ ð ] в служебных словах, местоимениях и в конце знаменательных слов: the, this, bathe;

· В начале личных имен, названий стран, городов, гор, рек буквосочетание th

· [ t ] в начале личных имён, названий стран, городов, рек: Thomas [ ˈtɒməs ], Thames [ temz ], Thailand [ ˈtailənd ].

10. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Thick, the, theft, tenth, bathroom, then, thimble, third, thirsty, thorn, three, seventh, that, this, these, than, them, thin, with, scythe, thirteen, thirty, lithe, thousand, birthday, father, mother, brother, three, breathe, cloth, clothe, theme, depth, tenth, fifth, sixth, width, bathe, teeth, thane, thank, within, thatch, think, bath, blithe, thrash, throne, thrice, myth, moth, kith, seethe, Smith, they, those, thus, their, tooth, thrill.

Буква c читается как:

[ s ] перед буквами e, i, y;
[ k ] во всех остальных случаях;
[ k ] в буквосочетании ck.

11. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Can, ice, came, nice, cat, mice, fact, space, pact, face, place, cage, cite, cell, cent, cattle, cinder, clack, cyst, cut, cry, cube, race, code, center, cake, class, city, pencil, bicycle, clean, cyme, cape, candle, camp, cane, clamp, clock, knock, neck, rock.

Буква g читается как:

[ ʤ ] перед буквами e, i, y: page [ peɪʤ ], gin [ ʤɪn ], [ ˈʤɪmnæst ];
[ ɡ ] во всех остальных случаях;
Исключения: get [ ɡet ], girl [ ɡə:l ], give [ ɡɪv ].

12. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Gate, gem, gas, age, gym, page, egg, gin, game, beg, ginger, cage, gage, gap, gent, rage, gentle, gibe, gipsy, grin, green, grave, glum, gee, gamble, gale, page, cage, big, badge, stage, stag, god, glim, sage, dig, got, go, glide, glad, gene, gybe, log, dog.

· Сочетание gh в середине и в конце слова не произносится (после ударной гласной): eight [ eɪt ];

· Буква i перед gh имеет алфавитное чтение [ aɪ ]: high [ haɪ ], light [ laɪt ];

· Буквосочетание gh — [f] – на конце некоторых слов: rough [ rʌf ];

· Диграфы II группы au,ou перед ght читаются как [ ɔ: ]: daughter [ dɔ:tə ], thought [ θɔ:t ];

· Исключения: ghastly ['gɑ:stlɪ], ghost [gəust], ghetto ['getɒʋ].

13. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Weighty, ought, bought, bright, might, night, sight, eight, tight, brought, naughty, sought, drought, weigh, blight, neighbor, though, sough, tough, rough, enough, fight, daughter, trough, thought, bought, caught, brought, naughty, fought, ought, daughter, taught, faugh, slaughter, right, flight, bright, high, lighter, freight, light.

Wh, wr

· В сочетании wr буква w не читается: writer [ ˈraɪtə ];

· В сочетании wh читается только первая буква w: white [ waɪt ]. Но перед буквой o, наоборот, читается только вторая буква h: who [ hu: ], whole [ həʊl ], whose [hu:z ].

14. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

When, whom, why, what, whose, which, whole, white, whale, wheat, whether, whip, where, wreck, write, wrap, writer, wrinkle, wry, Rhine, rhyme, rhythm, rhombus, wrist, wretch, writ, wrap, wrong, wrack, wraith, wrangle, wreath, wreathe, wren, wrench, wrest, wrestle, wrick, wriggle, wright, wring, wrote, whine, wheel, whim.

Сочетание ch читается:

· как [ tʃ ] в словах английского происхождения: chess [ tʃes ];

· как [ k ] в словах греческого происхождения: architect [ ˈa:kitəkt ];

· как [ ʃ ] в словах французского происхождения: machine [ məˈʃi:n ].

15. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Chrome, chord, chordal, choristic character, echo, epoch, hi-tech, technical, architect, such, chess, match, chin, China, chill, chips, chops, chinch, chic, chemist, technical, scheme, school, chalk, teach, speech, achieve, child.

Sh, ph

· Сочетание sh читается [ ʃ ]: she [ ʃi: ];

· Сочетание ph обычно встречается в словах греческого произношения и читается [ f ]: phone [ fəυn ].

16. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Phone, phrase, photo, phase, physics, phoney, photo, phantom, pharmacy, phasic, phial, phlox, phosphor, photon, typhus, shell, fish, shelf, shin, fresh, shift, shim.

Ng, nk, kn

· Буквосочетание ng читается как звук [ŋ]: thing [θiŋ];

· Буквосочетание nk читается как звук [ŋk]: ink [iŋk];

· В сочетании kn в начале слова буква k не произносится: know [ nəʊ ];

17. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Strong, wrong, ring, bang, gang, reading, dancing, painting, drawing, collecting, singer, thing, clinging, ringing, angry, English, England, longer, stronger, ink, sink, link, pink, drink, uncle, drunk, bank, sank, rank, wink, tank, funk, cling, clink, knit, knee, knight, knife, kneel, knock, knot, ding, dung, pang, wing, blank, fang, bong, bring, song, think, ankle, sing, ding-dong, dunk, long, lank, plank, morning, building, donkey, sitting, taking, bringing, singing, knew, knell, knack, knag, knap, knar, knave, knead, knick-knack, knob, knuckle, knur, knurl.

Hh, Jj

· Буква h в начале слова перед гласной читается как [ h ]: hat [ hæt ], he [ hi: ];

· В некоторых словах французского происхождения буква h в начале слова не читается: hour [ ˈauə ], honour [ ˈɒnə ];

· Буква j всегда читается как звук [ ʤ ]: Jane [ ʤein ], jam [ ʤæm ].

18. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

-sure, -ture, -sion, -tion, -ous, -ance

· sure [ ʒə ] pleasure, leisure, measure, treasure;

· ture [ tʃə ] nature, culture, furniture, literature;

· sion [ ʃ ] pension, passion, session, tension;

· sion [ ʒn ] vision, division, decision, invasion;

· tion [ ʃ ] station, intention, nation, sensation;

19. Read the following words observing the rules of reading:

Treasure, measure, pleasure, closure, lecture, feature, future, picture, section, mention, attention, dictation, collection, condition, decoration, revolution, solution, institution, station, tradition, conversation, situation, famous, delicious, curious, annoyance, importance, expression, commission, discussion, impression, permission, division, television, collision, conclusion

Revision exercises

20. Read the words:

Cap, can, ice, came, nice, cat, neck, mice, fact, space, peck, pace, kin, keen, pact, face, gate, gem, gas, age, gym, page, egg, gin, game, beg, gag, jam, Jim, Jack, Jane, sky, shame, dish, she, ship, shape, shave, fish, shine, chest, chin, match, catch, fetch, chick, chill, this, that, these, than, them, theme, faith, thick, thin.

21. Read the words:

Sad, made, stale, fit, deep, film, fail, name, day, please, nice, fine, beat, Spain, pale, date, ban, tape, fate, mad, say, same, fat, Sam, lane, land, tame, faint, aim, leave, bede, deed, lean, mean, seat, line, pin, pine, man, dent, Ann, nine, bet, bed, dine, did, May, style, vet, bay, sat, tilt, file, ease, pet, tin, veal, slip, stay.

22. Read the words:

Risk, red, ripe, read, rest, rally, hand, hay, hip, hate, heap, help, hide, yes, yell, easy, daddy, yet, yelp, my, by, myth, next, text, exam, sex, six, sixty, ring, thing, fang, bring, sing, gang, sling, drink, link, clink, pink, prank, shelf, shy, sheet, dash, fish, chain, chick, change, catch, patch, mine, cage, fill, mine, Spain, miss, ice, page, back, space, click, game, gem, let, lest, gay, set, lay, say, lack, icy.

23. Read the words:

Note, lot, lone, nod, code, cot, tone, cope, dot, sock, hot, pope, doll, hop, bone, tool, moon, look, doom, took, fool, cool, shook, loop, cook, choose, hook, sport, torn, corn, gorge, cork, or, fork, lead, steel, meat, bet, lest, tip, tiny, type, myth, mice, stay, plain, star, farm, cart, cell, cod, sing, cling, bank, rank, spin.

24. Read the words:

Sit, lame, back, miss, sack, gave, tip, tide, tap, late, mad, made, nine, fill, cake, thick, bat, pin, pine, hate, act, ice, plot, face, hid, fate, stamp, spot, pile, land, mist, mole, mark, gold, cap, nose, fix, harm, merry, horn, start, form, exact, examination, exist, sixty, appendix, expend, exotic, except, exile.

25. Read the words:

Speed, loaf, loom, reach, rose, fill, coal, aim, cube, weave, faint, steam, tool, freeze, mutton, crystal, tense, shoot, trainer, coast, raze, float, beach, least, boot, fee, rein, toil, author, veil, toy, spoil.

A merry song, a big boat, a simple riddle, a little star, a black bag, an old goat, a good cook, a fat cock, a good accent, an old oak, a good tool, ten miles, go home, take the pen, a pale face.

26. Read the words:

Best, code, nod, tops, sent, bed, these, cod, sold, spoke, mock, theme, block, then, neck, cone, bold, enter, cell, centner, motor, close, nest, depth, less, self, fold, doctor.

27. Read the words:

Five, tip, bed, pipe, land, fry, rule, ton, tone, pupil, love, cut, shade, brother, bus, snack, blame, poke, found, aloud, green, town, toy, farm, yellow, glove, warm, some, won, worse, nothing, mild, world, month, company, worship, none, find, wild, ought, above, brought.

28. Read the words:

Face, eight, yet, gate, cage, engine, lock, wrong, write, job, white, gymnastics, Alice, chest, light, cheek, fish, sigh, gently, knight, bright, ginger, knock, physics, phlox, Gypsy, whole, whip, whoop, whisper.

29. Read the words:

Boot, prepare, ball, book, mere, meat, good, store, bread, care, palm, cure, cold, last, plant, text, exam, rather, germ, hurt, hare, grasp, bald, calf, chalk, clasp.

30. Read the words:

A talented dancer, a broken branch, a stone wall, a dull day, a wise man, a cheap car, a big ship, a fat sheep, a naughty girl, a lazy boy, a rare plant, a strict lady, a cold lake, a birthday present, Bertha’s basket, spare time, pure water.

31. Read the words:

Work, rare, fire, tyre, myrtle, type, myth, admire, party, parrot, lorry, caught, pillow, further, loud, accept, box, walk, pain, palm, pure, hare, share, store, here, cure, fur, term, more, firm, spare, sphere, wire, mere.

32. Read the words:

A spare moment, a famous painter, a rare ring, the upper teeth, the thick wood, the first letter, the next room, the full moon, the vast territory, the main street.

33. Read the words:

Weight, lain, coin, play, neighbour, neutral, grew, pie, pool, took, toy, autumn, how, know, narrow, true, group, bread, peace, feel, dare, mere, where, sore, ore, nasty, salt, lure, sure, jerk, jaw, fruit, foe, paw, hair, dear, chair, peer, learn, car, moor.

34. Read the words:

A white bear, a poor fellow, a new dish, a low couch, a big mouth, a narrow path, a broken chair, an old gypsy, chilly weather, brown bread, good maize, bitter beer, fresh air, red hair, bad flour, repeat each word, correct these mistakes, close the window, take the pill, don’t eat these peaches.

35. Read the words:

Lecture, housewife, phone, physics, big, scythe, stalk, knee, treasure, importance, decision, debtor, person, France, hotel, chemist, hedge, lodge, knuckle, bang, length, strengthen, phrase, thumb, throng, thesis, then.

36. Read the words:

Did-deed, had-hard, lick-leak, hip-heap, dear-deer, lad-lard, Mary-marry, hail-hear, sill-seal, bear-beer, lip-leap, pit-pat, hill-heal, chair-cheer, bad-bard, fill-feel, marry-merry, ship-sheep, taught-tap-tape, pen-pain-pale, fit-foot-fate, dive-dove-dame, daisy-lazy-darling.

37. Practise reading the following words:

Ben, meet, tell, be, ten, tent, bed, bede, bee, dene, bet, dent, beet, end, men, peep, dell, bent, den, mete, lend, less, best, lends, seems, send, pens, sets, beds, bees, nets, seeds, tests, deed, spell, Bess, text.

38. Practise reading the following words:

Plane, main, train, raise, may, pay, stay, map, plan, angle, battle, be, mete, eve, mean, seat, see, keen, feel, speak, wet, nest, gentle, vein, they, either, neither, seize, ate, ache, chest, cheese, please, these, veil, cent, gin, gap, gain, gypsy, giant, cyclist, them, method, theme, with, thick.

39. Practise reading the following words:

Cede, cell, theme, than, with, sheath, vein, neither, cake, sane, shape, ate, tax, cramps, aid, pain, claim, said, grey, play, day, cent, get, gift, gap, gain, gem, gin, gyps, bench, back, ache, many, east, eagle, teach, deaf, breathe, they, method, bathe.

40. Practise reading the following words:

Mule, muff, cube, grew, coat, sauce, pause, aunt, daughter, faugh, cook, thousand, sound, soul, ought, clown, blow, southern, pewter, shrewd, crowd, loaf, faint, veil, least, beach, crystal, mark, expend, exist, land, snack.

41. Practise reading the following words:

Cup, cube, but, nut, mute, butter, rung, huge, wake, weak, wig, waver, wine, wink, way, weed, wit, coin, boy, point, join, toy, noisy, joy, now, how, yellow, Moscow, window, gown, down, out, ounce, foul, noun, scout, count, seller, actor, town, term, first, bird, third, stern, turn, Byrd, furs, curl, curt, serf, curb, herb, want, wash, was, watch, watt, whale, wharf, wheat, ward, when, whether, which, whiff, whip, warn, whole, warp, why, cat, bunch, pinch, rice, will, chest, sister, frost, lick, sly, pace, lunch, rib, from, luck, cry, chat, shy, chill, sky, hale, rose, spine, till, spider, vine, sniff, maze, pan, reader.

42. Practise reading the following words:

Straight, sauce, jaundice, slaughter, awkward, payment, breadth, deign, seize, eulogy, shrewd, achieve, sprightly, oath, foe, honey, ounce, fountain, coyness, glue, pursue, bruise, hyacinth, cigar, wharf, concern, perceive, encircle, ornament, worship, burden, square, adhere, gyre, fairness, appear, yearn, rehearse, career, hoarse, devour, boor, enemy, wobble.

43. Practise reading the following words:

Occasion, debtor, doubt, ceiling, accident, ladder, fragment, gist, agent, giant, forehead, exhaust, honour, destroy, synonym, beneath, ant, leader, reason, wan, wise, exclude, complexion, yoke, chemist, bench, judge, bulgy, defence, gnat, knave, knuckle, bomb, dumb, climb, triumph, question, liquid, rhapsody, rheumatism, scene, science, ashamed, thumb, whole, also, waffle, almost, whack, quake, serene, stretcher, ceremony, medal, junction, enclose, renew, embrace, define, polite, equip, wiry, sign, typical, evoke, soldier, both, bronze, clutch, rhumb, cube, uncertain, flute, yule, fury, curious, plural, rural, jury, dyke, scythe, lymph.

44. Practise reading the following words:

Paper, table, plane, main, train, raise, may, pay, stay, said, many, map, angle, battle, plan, large, part, start, article, glass, pass, class, fast, mast, cast, grant, plant, branch, half, calf, ask, task, mask, father, bath, chance, advance, shaft, after, craft, draft, stair, hair, affair, care, fare, scare, ball, almost, install, launch, author, saw, naught, aunt, mass, war, warm, want, wash, what, captain, Monday, be, mete, eve, mean, seat, see, keen, feel, speak, wet, nest, gentle, bread, reader, ready, weather, meant, lead, her, term, serve, permanent, heard, learn, earth, near, fear, clear, engineer, cheer, mere, here, maker, partner, member, answer, market, planet, new, few, Europe, deuce, crew, grew, either, neither, vein, freight, they, eight, cheese, please, these, three, meal, pen, best, tremble, breath, veil, weight, theme, teacher, time, title, cinema, kind, find, wild, mild, light, sight, lie, stick, imagine, timber, brittle, first, bird, thirst, third, fire, mire, entire, diamond, dialogue, science, society, field, brief, friend, grieve, fine, white, child, tie, night, fight, middle, this, believe, little, sir, firm, wire, diary, tired, client, require, scientist, priest, liege, yield, twice, behind, desire, dirt, might, mirth, remind, my, try, gypsy, sorry, family, cycle, dye, style, gym, myth, baby, yet, yard, year, tyre, tyrant, myrtle, yesterday, no, open, smoke, note, cold, who, how, road, boat, load, broad, loan, oak, know, window, low, cow, now, stop, box, hospital, from, town, brown, round, sound, count, cloud, southern, sport, port, born, morning, corner, poor, floor, door, more, core, ore, bore, before, board, source, moor, brought, thought, fought, taught, our, sour, hour, doctor, voice, coil, toy, oil, boy, noise, food, root, noon, too, moon, pool, book, look, took, hook, various, work, world, warm, mother, other, both, brother, month, son, front, come, London, some, cover, oven, rode, program, hold, narrow, coal, object, mottle, bottle, block, crowd, ground, round, short, sought, course, point, avoid, roof, tooth, cook, numerous, honey, discover, flour, soap, tube, duty, nude, nuclear, put, cut, push, bus, hull, bush, number, run, full, blue, true, cruise, juice, difficult, suspend, supply, turn, curve, urgent, surface, pure, cure, sure, curious, stupid, fury, dust, must, but, muddle, dull, current, clue, burn, rule, flu, June, July, gurgle, nurse, curb, suggest, during, perfume, rude, doubt, though, high, right, through, which, white, whose, knot, chalk, walk, talk, calm, balm, palm, wrap, wrong, wry, whole, knife, size, miss, pens, sees, fits, pins, seems, lips, bay, peck, faint, mad, Spain, aim, lean, ease, neck, ice, pace, gate, gem, age, game, jam, gas, shame, chest, match, catch, fetch, faith, thick, honour, next, exam, exhibit, exhibition, fang, stronger, gang, sling, link, drink, pink, prank, sheet, lack, rank, huge, waver, wink, weed, wine, yellow, wharf, wheat, angry, quite, quick, quest, English, bathe, ceiling, question, colour, judge, grammar, station, potato, drew, blew, uncle, share, shark, square, verse, whirl, mistake, lecture, housewife, phone, physics, bigger, key, scythe, stalk, shall, knee, treasure, forehead, importance, decision, debtor, person, France, hotel, chemist, epoch, hedge, lodge, knuckle, bang, length, strengthen, phrase, thumb, throng, thesis, then, bright, whale, deceive, receive, quarter, lung, jupe, euphony, jewel, shrewd, siege, thigh, oyster, reward, severe, appear, sheer, career, coarse, luxury, luxurious, yoke, ozone, induce.

§ 7. Dialogues for intoning

AVISIT

W: Hello, Betty!

B: Good afternoon, Mr. White!

W: Is Doctor Sandford ['sænfəd] in?

B: No, he isn't. Doctor Sandford is still in the hospital.

W: Is Mrs. Sandford at home?

B: No, she isn't.Mrs. Sandford is out. She is in the park with Benny, and old Mrs. Sandfordis not well.

W: Oh, that's a pity! What's the matter?It isn't the flu,isit?

B: Oh, no,it's a bad cold, she's better today.

W: Isshe in bed?

B: No, she isn't. Come in, Mr. White, andhave a talk with Mrs. Sandford. Sheis alwaysglad to see you.