Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
Депрессия; даже если; фирма; испытывать; откладывать; покупки; инвестиция; объем производства; прослеживать; товары длительного пользования; потребитель; машинное оборудование; дополнение; материально-производственные запасы; пользоваться; исполнить производственный заказ; удар; объем производства; длительный; обстоятельства; размер и условия кредита; предшествующий период; сокращать; промышленное производство; широко распространенный; безработица; строительство; сокращение; международная торговля; движение капитала; в отличие от; незначительное сокращение деловой активности; цикл деловой активности; мировой масштаб; рецессия; тенденция к понижению; занятость; в свою очередь; вызывать; доходы; семейные расходы; процветание; поворачивать в противоположном направлении; дополнительный; производительная способность; в наличии; спекуляция; валютная политика; фискальная политика.
Translate the following statements from Russian into English and from English into Russian.
1) Депрессия — это состояние экономики, когда деловая активность снижается в течение продолжительного времени, цены падают, покупательная способность существенно сокращена, а безработица стоит на высоком уровне.
2) Рецессия — это одна из фаз экономического цикла, характеризующаяся снижением деловой активности или экономическим спадом.
3) Depression is a long period during which there is very little business activity and lots of people do not have jobs.
4) Recession is a period of time during which there is less trade, business activity, and wealth than usual.
Complete the following statements. Retell the text “Depression and recession”.
1) Depression is…
2) Depression is characterized by…
3) Unlike … severe depressions have been…
4) Recession is…
5) Recession is characterized by…
6) In recessions, the decline in production and employment causes…
7) In recessions, the decline in output can be traced to…
8) In recessions, the decline in inventories has…
9) Whether a recession develops into a depression depends on…
Глобализация
Study the words and the word-combinations.
| reference n | упоминание |
| turn out v | бастовать |
| phenomenon n | феномен |
| empire n | империя |
| religious adj | религиозный |
| visionary n | фантазер |
| age n | век |
| processing n | переработка |
| advantageous adj | благоприятный |
| increasingly | все больше и больше |
| impact v | сжимать |
| secretive adj | скрытный |
| unresponsive adj | не реагирующий |
| outstrip v | обгонять |
| cope v | справиться |
| cede v | уступать |
| confusion n | смущение беспорядок неразбериха |
| focus v | сфокусировать |
Read and translate the text.
Globalization
In 2000 the media were full of references to globalization of the economy, communications — even politics and military affairs. Large crowds turned out to protest meetings such as that of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Seattle, Wash., in 1999 or called attention to International Monetary Fund (IMF) policies in granting loans to states at war. What were these protests all about? Globalization is a phenomenon involving the integration of economies, cultures, governmental policies, and political movements around the world. Internationalization is nothing new. Many of the large empires and religious movements represented forms of globalization. Trade and investment between countries have promoted interdependence of the world's economies for centuries. As early as 1962 the Canadian visionary Marshall McLuhan wrote that the electronic age was turning all humanity into a “global tribe,” and the term global village is attributed to him. Nowadays, the larger corporations organize production on a worldwide scale. Each step in the value-added chain, from research and development to processing of raw materials, production of parts, assembly of components, and marketing of the final product, is carried out in the most advantageous geographic location, regardless of where corporate headquarters are located or where the final good is sold. The globalization of markets means increasingly that similar goods are sold around the world for similar prices. The BBC, CNN, and the Internet have accelerated the integration of global culture. Teenagers around the world watch the same videos, listen to the same music, and wear the same clothes. At the same time, television audiences in virtually all countries watch the same major events, listen to the same financial forecasts, and see the same three-minute glimpses of ecological disasters.