Write down no less than 10 sentences about travelling.
TOPIC “EDUCATION”
ADD TO YOUR VOCABULARY:
1. nursery school 1. дитячий садок (для дітей від 2 до 5 років,
зазвичай, державна установа)
2. pre-school playgroup2.дошкільна група, різновид дитсадка, що
організується батьками
3. compulsory education3.обов’язкова освіта
4.primary school 4. загальна початкова школа для дітей від 5
до 11 – 12 років, державна установа
5. secondary school (comprehensive)5.середня школа для дітей 11 – 16
(18) років
6. co-educational school6.школа для дівчат та хлопців
7. preparatory school7.підготовча приватна школа
8. public school8.привілейована приватна середня школа
для хлопчиків (в Англії); безплатна серед-
ня школа (США, Шотландія, Австралія)
9. boarding school9.школа-інтернат, пансіон
10. public school10.приватна школа (Англія), державна,
муніципальна школа (США, Шотландія)
TEXT THE BRITISH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.
Education is compulsory from 5 to 16 years. Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre-school play group to prepare them for the start of compulsory education. Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. At primary school children become acquainted with Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic and develop their creative abilities, they are taught to sing, dance, play, and draw. Primary children do all their work with the same class teacher, except for physical education and music, which are often taught by specialists. Most children are educated together, boys and girls in the same class.
At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives with accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups. Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.
At 16 pupils take a national exam called “GCSE” (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.
Some 16-year olds continue their studies in the 6th form. The 6th form prepares pupils for a national exam called “A” level (Advanced Level) at 18. Pupils need “A” levels to enter a university. Other 16-year olds choose a college of further education to study hairdressing, typing or mechanics.
Universities and colleges of higher education accept students with “A” levels from 18.
Students study for a degree, which takes on average three years of fulltime study. Most students graduate at 21 and are given their degree at a special graduation ceremony.
PRIVATE EDUCATION
Seven per cent of British schoolchildren go to private schools. There are 3 levels of private schools: primary schools (age four to eight), preparatory schools (age eight to thirteen). At the age of 13 children take an examination. If they pass it, they go to public school, where they usually remain until they are 18. Many preparatory and most public schools are boarding schools; the children live at school during the school terms. But though these schools are called public, they are, in fact, private and it can be very expensive to send a child to such a school.
The most famous public schools have a long history and tradition. It is often necessary to put a child’s name on a waiting list at birth to be sure he or she get a place. Children of wealthy or aristocratic families often go to the same public school as their parents and their grandparents. Eton is the best known of these schools.
It is situated in Eton, a town about 20 miles west of London, on the River Thames. The school was founded in 1440 by King Henry 4, and some of the original buildings are still standing. Many famous figures from British public life were educated at Eton. Traditionally, public schools were always single-sex schools but now many of them are becoming co-educational, both boys and girls attend the school. Eton, however, still remains a public school for boys only.
1.Answer the following questions:
1. What do state schools provide their pupils with?
2. What do children do at primary school?
3. Who teaches children at primary school?
4. What is comprehensive school?
5. What is “GCSE”?
6. Why do some pupils need “A” level?
7. What is boarding school?
2. Write down no less than 10 sentences about education in Ukraine.
TOPIC “ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION”
ADD TO YOUR VOCABULARY:
1. environment 1. оточуюче середовище, довкілля
2. fertilizer2. удобрювач, добриво
3. rural3. сільський
4. pollution-causing machines4. техніка, що викликає забруднення
5. to spoil5. псувати
6. to take measure 6. вживати заходів
7. marine7. морський
8. to cause8. спричиняти
TEXT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in rural areas and did not have pollution-causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutions into small areas, the problem has become more important. Since the late 1960`s people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.
Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death.
Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. Food can not be grown on polluted soil. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.
Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil.
Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually. Scientists and engineers must find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measure for reducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.
1.Answer the following questions:
1. Was pollution such a serious problem in the ancient world?
2. What can polluted water and air cause?
3. What are the other factors of environmental pollution?
4. Is it possible to live without mentioned above factors?
5. What can people do to defend environment?
2. Write down no less than 10 sentences about environmental protection in Ukraine.
TOPIC “UKRAINE”
ADD TO YOUR VOCABULARY:
1. to be washed by (the Black Sea) 1. омиватися (Чорним морем)
2. to border on (Russia)2. межувати з (Росією)
3. to be rich in (iron)3. бути багатим на (залізо)
4. a lathe4. токарний верстат
5. an equipment5. обладнання
6. a computer6. обчислювальна машина, лічильник
7. consumer goods7. споживчі товари
8. relations8. відносини, стосунки
9. agreement9. угода, договір
10. treaty10. договір, угода, переговори
11. embassy11. посольство
TEXTUKRAINE
Ukraine is situated in the eastern part of Europe. The population of it is about 50 million people. It borders on Russia in the east, Belorussia in the north, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova in the west. Ukraine is washed by the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea in the south. The area of Ukraine is more than 603 thousand square kilometers. The most part of its area is flat. There are the Crimean Mountains in the south and the Carpathians in the west.
The territory of our country lies in three main zones: mixed forests, forest-steppes and steppes. The flora and fauna of our country are extremely rich. The nature of Ukraine is especially beautiful. There are 131 rivers in Ukraine. The longest rivers are the Dnieper, the Dniester, the Donets and the Bug.
There are more than three hundred cities and towns in Ukraine. The biggest of them are Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Dniepropetrovsk, Lviv and Odessa. The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv. It is an administrative, industrial, scientific and cultural centre. Ukraine is rich in mineral resources: coal, oil, gas, and different ores. Today Ukraine produces automated lathes, excavators; optical, electrical, measuring and radiotechnical instruments, electronic microscopes, synthetic diamonds, equipment for chemical, food and printing industries, computers, hundreds of types of consumer goods. Besides, Ukraine is an agricultural country. Its soil is fertile.
The geographical position of Ukraine is favourable for maintaining close economic relations with many European countries.
Now Ukraine is establishing new relations with countries throughout the world. It makes direct contacts with them, signs agreements and treaties. There are more than 30 embassies in Ukraine.
Ukraine is one of the founder members of the United Nations Organization and participates in the work of many international organizations.
1.Answer the following questions:
1. Where is Ukraine situated?
2. What countries does Ukraine border on?
3. How many climatic zones does the territory of Ukraine have?
4. Are there any mountains in Ukraine? What are they?
5. What do Ukrainian enterprises produce?