Pre-reading Activities. Translate the sentences into Russian

Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the list of Useful Vocabulary.

1. My employer is a very generous person; he gives us all a big present at Christmas.

2. If you wish me to attend an interview, I am available at any time.

3. My new job requires a lot of skills in the IT sphere.

4. Our boss invited us to participate in a job-sharing scheme.

5. The work of a software developer can be tiring, but it demands a lot of creativity and brings a lot of satisfaction and positive emotions.

6. Many professional persons get a large amount of job satisfaction and a high income.

Reading

1. Read the text and focus on types of employment and the main reasons for working.

When we speak about employment we usually mean paid work done by a person or a group of people. There are different types of employment nowadays.

The main goal of economy is full employment, which means availability of jobs for all employable citizens.

Nowadays a lot of people work part-time; they perform their professional duties during a part of the regular working time. There has been a huge rise in part-time jobs of all kinds, ranging from the unskilled office cleaners to the highly skilled computer consultants.

There is also job sharing. This is a practice of dividing a full time job between two people so that each works for half the time.

We can also mention informal employment, or paid work on a casual basis. Jobs are often irregular, and workers are self-employed without earning pensions and without paying taxes. This sort of employment is common in urban areas of developing countries. It may involve service jobs as well as craft industries.

With technological advances more and more people telework. It means working away from the employer’s office, often at home, but maintaining close contact with coworkers and managers using computers and IT. In some situations teleworking can increase an employee’s productivity; it also decreases the time they spend driving to and from work and at the same time decreases pollution from cars. But some managers feel uncomfortable with the lack of direct supervision they have over their teleworking employees, and some employees may dislike teleworking because of isolation from coworkers.

But why do people work? This question is important for business. The management of any business must try to understand why people work and provide the right motivation to make them work more effectively.

Of course, one of the main reasons for working is money. People work to get enough money to satisfy their basic needs. But money isn’t the only motivation.

Belonging to a group is also a strong motivation for working people. A sense of security is another human need for most people, that is why employers try to provide different pension and sick-pay schemes.

One more strong motivation for people is a sense of self-importance. To work efficiently, people want to feel their importance and necessity. Only in this case they will have job satisfaction – a sense that you are doing something you really want to do using all your skills and creativity.

Comprehension Check

1. Agree or disagree with these statements about the text.

1. There is one type of employment nowadays.

2. The main goal of economy is full employment.

3. Nowadays a lot of people perform their professional duties during a part of the regular working time.

4. Job-sharing is a practice of dividing a full time job between two people so that each works for half the time.

5. With technological advances few people telework.

6. Money is not one of the main reasons for working.

2. Choose the answer (A, B or C) which you think fits best according to the text.

1. How many types of employment are mentioned in the text?

A. 4 B. 5 C. 6

2. What reasons for working are mentioned in the text?

A. money, belonging to a group, a sense of security, a sense of self-importance

B. money, belonging to a group, a sense of winning, a sense of development

C. money, a sense of satisfaction, happiness, creativity

3. Complete the sentences using the information from the text.

1. Full employment means ….. .

2. Job-sharing is a practice of ….. .

3. The management of any business must try to understand ….. .

4. People work to get enough money to ….. .

5. Job satisfaction is a sense that ….. .

Vocabulary Focus

1. Match the words on the left with those on the right. Then translate the expressions into Russian.

1. job	a. employees
2. employable	b. jobs
3. job	c. sharing
4. work	d. citizens
5. teleworking	e. satisfaction
6. irregular	f. effectively

2. Use the words from the list of Useful Vocabulary to complete the sentences.

1. He is ….., that’s why he only goes to the office one day a week.

a. teleworking

b. coworker

c. creative

2. One of the most difficult decisions is choosing what to do for a ….. .

a. living

b. work

c. satisfaction

3. Most people are much more creative than their ….. realize.

a. skills

b. employers

c. jobs

4. When she is 55, she will be able to give up work and live on her ….. .

a. creativity

b. employment

c. pension

5. Sick-pay and pension schemes are the basic things which provide employees with a ….. .

a. sense of responsibility

b. sense of security

c. sense of self-importance

3. Give the English equivalents to the following expressions.

- работа на нерегулярной основе

- профессиональные обязанности

- типы занятости

- платить налоги

- городская местность

- развитые страны

- увеличить производительность

- руководство предприятия

- работать эффективно

- удовлетворять нужды

Talking Points

1. Comment on the quotations.

1. It doesn’t matter what job you do. It matters how you do it.

2. I would rather be a happy dustman than an unhappy millionaire.

2. Which of the following is (was) the most important to you when deciding on a career? Rank the points, then discuss it with your groupmates.

- long-term career prospects

- personal satisfaction

- good payment

- opportunity to travel

- using your initiative

- chance to meet a lot of people

3. In pairs, discuss the following questions.

1. Are you sure /unsure about your career path? Why?

2. Are you optimistic/pessimistic about your prospects? Why?

3. Do you want to be self-employed or work as an employee? Why?

Summary Points

1. Read the text and choose the most suitable headline out of those given below.

A. Importance of Job Interviews.

B. Problems at Job Interviews.

C. Basic Types of Job Interviews.

D. Psychological Aspect of Job Interviews.

Job interviews can generally be divided into 3 main types. The first is called the “traditional interview”. This is usually a series of standard questions about qualifications, work experience, knowledge and expectations. Here you have a list of quite traditional questions, like “What duties did you have in your previous job?” This is still the model for a lot of interviews today.

Then there is the “case interview” which is very challenging. Here the interviewer presents a problem and then asks questions to find out how the candidate would solve the problem. The “case interview” puts candidates in a pretty uncomfortable position because they are asked to do different things – to demonstrate that they can analyze the problem logically, and communicate effectively with the interviewer.

The third type is known as the “behavioural interview”. Its task is to find out how candidates behave in certain situations. A typical question here may be “Can you give me an example of a situation where you had to follow orders that you didn’t agree with?” The answers to such questions disclose a lot of information and the interviewer can see more of the interviewee.

2. Put down key words and expressions from each paragraph.

3. Summarize the text, basing on the key words and expressions you have put down.

Unit 14

GLOBALIZATION

Lead-in

1. Choose the variant which best defines the word “globalization”. Then explain your choice.

A. the process of exchanging information, ideas or feelings

B. the process enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communication

C. the process enabling people to cut their expenses and economize

2. Divide into 2 groups. Try to find some advantages and disadvantages of globalization. Then exchange your ideas.

Key Vocabulary

Study the following list of vocabulary.