Белгородский инженерно-экономический институт
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
Белгородский государственный технологический университет
Им. В.Г. Шухова
Белгородский инженерно-экономический институт
С.И. ГАРАГУЛЯ
LET’S SPEAK ENGLISH
БУДЕМ ГОВОРИТЬ ПО-АНГЛИЙСКИ
Учебное пособие
По разговорному английскому языку
Белгород 2005
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
Белгородский государственный технологический университет
им. В.Г. Шухова
Белгородский инженерно-экономический институт
С.И. ГАРАГУЛЯ
LET’S SPEAK ENGLISH
БУДЕМ ГОВОРИТЬ ПО-АНГЛИЙСКИ
Утверждено советом университета в качестве учебного пособия для студентов всех специальностей, изучающих английский язык
3-е издание, стереотипное
Белгород 2005
УДК 802.0
ББК 81.2 Англ
Г 20
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
Кандидат филологических наук, доцент Белгородского
государственного технологического университета
Т.В. Беседина
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Белгородского юридического института
Н.В. Агопова
Гарагуля С.И.
Г 20 Let’s Speak English. Будем говорить по-английски: Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку. – 3-е изд., стер. – Белгород: Изд-во БИЭИ, 2005. – 188 с.
В данной книге представлены тексты и диалоги на английском языке по наиболее употребительным темам, предлагаемым студентам. Цель пособия – помочь изучающим английский язык овладеть разговорной речью по определенной тематике. Текстовый материал и диалоги сопровождаются упражнениями, направленными на развитие у студентов навыков и умений читать и вести беседу в пределах предложенных тем, а также понимать устную речь на слух.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов всех специальностей неязыковых вузов.
Библиогр.: 14 назв.
УДК 802.0
ББК 81.2. Англ
Ó Белгородский инженерно-
экономический институт
(БИЭИ), 2005
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов неязыковых вузов, продолжающих изучать английский язык, цель которого – развитие у студентов навыков и умений читать и вести беседу или делать несложные сообщения в пределах предложенных тем, а также понимать устную речь на слух с помощью технических средств обучения, так как профессиональная деятельность выпускников технических вузов предусматривает владение английским языком не только в узкой специальной сфере, но и в повседневной жизни. Учебное пособие состоит из 12 уроков-тем (Units), каждый из которых делится на три раздела: Reading and Discussion, Speaking, Listening, а также содержит часть Tapescripts.
Раздел Reading and Discussion (Чтение и дискуссия) включает три текста по тематике урока. Текстовой материал и упражнения к ним подобраны так, что они способствуют развитию навыков монологической речи – умению констатировать факт или высказать мнение, сделать короткое сообщение или обобщение.
Раздел Speaking (Устная речь) состоит из трех диалогов, объединенных общей темой данного урока, которые знакомят студентов с разговорным стилем современного английского языка. Задания, составленные к диалогам, построены по принципам моделирования различных жизненных ситуаций, в которых могут находиться студенты, они также способствуют развитию умения давать на них быструю и соответствующую речевую реакцию.
В разделе Listening (Аудирование) представлены два текста, которые могут быть прочитаны преподавателем, либо звучать в записи. Контроль понимания осуществляется с помощью вопросно-ответных упражнений, либо путем заполнения таблиц.
В конце учебного пособия дан раздел Tapescripts, в котором приводятся тексты, записанные на магнитную ленту. К этой части учебника студенты обращаются на заключительном этапе работы над разделом Listening, что позволяет им проверить правильность понимания текста, а также выявить непонятные фрагменты, выписав незнакомые слова.
Материалы книги были проверены на практике. В течение ряда лет они использовались для обучения студентов в Белгородском государственном технологическом университете. Есть основание полагать, что их также можно использовать и в других неязыковых вузах.
UNIT 1
STUDENT LIFE
READING AND DISCUSSION
TEXT 1A
MY STUDIES
My name is Boris Klimov. I am a first-year student of the Civil Engineering Department at the Belgorod Shukhov State Technological University. I had to take entrance examinations in Mathematics, Physics and Russian in order to be accepted to the University. I entered the University in 2003. I am a full-time student, that is I attend classes, lectures and seminars in the daytime, whereas the University accepts a lot of young people for a correspondence course.
2. The University has a five-year course of study. The academic year begins in September and ends in June. There are two terms in it. So students take end-of-term tests and examinations twice a year, that is in January and June. If a student passes them successfully, he is granted a monthly scholarship.
3. We have two vacations a year - winter and summer ones. The winter vacation is quite short, it lasts only two weeks, the summer one is longer, and it lasts a month.
4. We go to the University on week-days. We have no classes on Sunday. At the University, classes begin at 8.15 in the morning and are over at 3.55 in the afternoon. During the first two years, students are taught different subjects of general nature. My favourite ones are Mathematics, Descriptive Geometry and English. From the third year onwards, students take some special subjects of their chosen profession.
5. Every day we usually have three or four classes, lectures and seminars. During a long forty-five minute break students go to dining rooms, snack bars or a canteen to have their midday meal.
6. I go to the University library after my classes. I am in the habit of doing my homework there. But a lot of my fellow-students prefer doing it at home.
7. I live with my parents. I have to take a trolley-bus or a bus to get to the University. It usually takes me twenty minutes to reach it. Those studying away from home are given accommodation in the University hostel. It is situated near the University and students walk there.
8. I am a diligent student. I don’t miss any classes or lectures and always do my best to prepare properly for them.
Pronounce correctly.
| accommodation [э,komэ‘dei∫n] canteen [kæn’ti:n] correspondence [korэs’pondэns] course [ko:s] department [di’pa:tmэnt] descriptive [di’skriptiv] diligent [ ‘dilid эnt] dining [‘dainiŋ] engineering [,endζi’niэriŋ] entrance [‘entrэns] examination [ig,zaemi’nei∫n] favourite [‘fevrэt] geometry [d i’omэtri] lecture [‘lekt∫э] | mathematics [,mæθэ‘mætiks] minute [‘minit] onwards [‘onwэdz] parents [‘peэrэnts] physics [‘fiziks] prefer [pri’fэ:] scholarship [‘skolэ∫ip] seminar [‘semina:] special [spe∫l] successfully [sэk’sesfuli] taught [to:t] technological [,teknэ‘lod ikl] university [,ju:ni’vэ:sэti] walk [wo:k] |
2. Express in one word the meaning of each of the following phrases. All the words required are in the Text. You are given the first letter of each word and the number of letters in it.
1. a lodging-house for students - (h_ _ _ _ _)
2. to take or receive smth. offered or given - (a_ _ _ _ _)
3. to become a member of; to join - (e_ _ _ _)
4. studying for the normal number of hours or days - (f_ _ _ - t _ _ _)
5. to be present at; go to - (a_ _ _ _ _) 6. to finish an educational course - (g_ _ _ _ _ _ _)
7. one of the periods of time into which - (t_ _ _)
the university year is divided
8. a sum of money given to a student by an official body - (s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
to support him during his/her studies
9. a period of holiday - (v_ _ _ _ _ _ _)_ 10. one of the several divisions of a university - (d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
11. to like better - (p_ _ _ _ _ )
12. a public eating place - (s_ _ _ _ - b_ _ )
13. a student of the same group, faculty, etc. - (f_ _ _ _ _ - s_ _ _ _ _ )
14. to continue for a period of time - (l_ _ _ )
15. a place to live; room; flat; house - (a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ )
16. hardworking; showing steady effort - (d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ )
MY WORKING DAY
1. I get up at seven o’clock. I open the window and do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom to wash and clean my teeth. At half past seven, I have my breakfast. My mother gets breakfast ready for the whole family. It takes me about ten minutes to have breakfast. Then I put all my textbooks and copybooks into my bag. I put on my coat and cap when it is cold and leave home for the University. I take a bus in order to get to the University. It takes me about 40 minutes to get there from my home.
2. At the University I take off my cap and coat and leave them in the cloak-room. Then I go to the time-table to see in what classroom we shall have our first class. I go to the classroom and prepare everything for the class. At 8.15 the bell rings, the teacher comes in and the class begins. Each class lasts for an hour and a half broken up by a five-minute break. After each class, we have a 10-minute break. During this break, we can have a smoke, talk about our student life or sport news. After the third class, we have an hour lunch break during which we can go to the canteen or to the snack-bar to eat and drink something. We have three or four classes a day. At 3.55 p.m., the classes are over. Sometimes I can go home after my classes but I usually have to stay at the University. I have either to go to the library or to work at a laboratory. We very often have to listen to the tape-recorder at the language laboratory and do some exercises in English. When I stay at the University, I have lunch at the canteen. If I go home after my classes, I have lunch at home.
3. When I come home, I have a short rest and then I begin preparing my homework. I usually have to prepare my homework. Sometimes my friend Mike comes to see me and we do our homework together. It takes us about two or three hours to prepare it. After this we go for a walk or play chess. If an interesting programme is on, we watch TV. Then we have dinner and after this Mike goes home. At midnight I go to bed.
The Belgorod SHUKHOV State
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
READING AND DISCUSSION
TEXT 2A
THE UNIVERSITY I GO TO
1. The Belgorod Shukhov State Technological University was founded in 1970 and since that time, it has grown into a big higher educational institution.
2. There are seven faculties at the University. They are the Faculty of Silicate and Composite Materials, the Faculty of Civil Engineering, the Faculty of Architecture and Technology of Building Materials, the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, the Faculty of Economics and Management, the Faculty of Industrial Automation and Information Technologies and the Faculty of the Correspondence Course. The University has about 50 departments.
3. About 5,000 students go to the University. About 60 professors, 250 assistant professors and a lot of lecturers work at it. The Belgorod State Technological University trains highly-skilled specialists for the industry of building materials: mechanical engineers, chemists, economists, civil engineers, architects, computer engineers and others. There are a lot of laboratories at the University. They are fitted with modern equipment and instruments to provide a high level of training. They are of great help to students. Here students carry out their experiments and do research work.
4. There is also a good library at the students' disposal where they can borrow text-books, manuals and literature on the subjects they are interested in, and a few reading rooms at the University.
5. Almost all the students go in for different kinds of sports. They do them in a few large well-equipped gyms.
6. A period of study at the University lasts five years. The academic year begins in September. It lasts ten months and ends in June. According to the University curriculum the 5-year period is divided into: 1) two years of general study when students are taught different subjects of general nature, for example, Strength of Materials, Theoretical Mechanics, History of Russia, Foreign Languages, Descriptive Geometry and some others; and 2) three years of professional training when students learn special subjects, quite necessary for their future profession. There are two terms in the course of the academic year. Therefore, students take oral tests and examinations twice a year. If they pass them successfully, they are granted monthly scholarships. During the terms, students have to attend lectures and seminars, carry out laboratory tests and do practical work. At the end of the period of study, a student writes and gets ready a graduation paper and then defends it in the presence of the examiners' body. Soon the defence is over and the former student becomes an engineer with a University diploma.
7. A post-graduate course was organised at the University in 1973. At present about 150 post-graduate students take it.
8. Every year a lot of young engineers graduate from the University. They work at plants, factories, research institutes, design offices, carry out research work, create new types of materials, and work out new methods of production processes. The industry of building materials needs such experts and always gladly receives them.
9. The Belgorod Shukhov State Technological University is young but it has great prospects.
Exercises
Pronounce correctly.
| architect [‘a:kitэkt] chemical [‘kemikl] course [kо:s] curriculum [kэ‘rikjulэm] disposal [dis’pэuzl] economics [,i:kэ‘nоmiks] educational [,edju’kei∫эnl] engineering [,endζi’niэriŋ] equipment [I’kwipmэnt] experiment [ik’sperimэnt] faculty [‘fæklti] gym [dζim] higher [‘haiэ] industry [‘indэstri] | institution [,insti’tju∫n] laboratory [lэ‘bоrэtэri] lecturer [‘lekt∫эrэ] manual [‘mænjuэl] manufacturing [,mænju’fækt∫эriŋ] mechanical [mi’kænikl]] mechanics [mi’kæniks] organize [‘о:gэnaiz] period [‘piэriэd] quite [kwait] receive [ri’si:v] research [ri’sэ:t∫] specialist [‘spe∫list] technology [tek’nоlэdζi] |
My UNIVERSITY
1. There are a lot of students at the Belgorod State Technological University. Unlike school most of the work at the University is not done in class but must be done in the library or in laboratories.
2. Among the students there are young men and girls from different villages, towns and cities of Russia. Every morning the students enter the classrooms of the University.
3. Now we are in one of the classrooms. It is a large sunny room. There is a door to the right and four windows to the left. There are some tables and a lot of chairs. In front of the blackboard, there is a table and a chair for the teacher.
4. Some of the students are at their tables. All the students have textbooks on their tables as they will have an English class. At 8.15, the door opens and the teacher comes in. The class begins. Nobody is late. All the students attend classes regularly.
5. As the students have to do a lot of drawing they do it in special drawing-rooms equipped with drawing boards.
6. In the language laboratory the students work with equipment. They put on ear-phones, listen to tape-recorders and try to imitate the correct pronunciation of English words. They also try to imitate correct intonation.
7. Besides studying in class students have much homework, which they must prepare at home. Some students prefer preparing homework in the reading-room of the University. They can get all the necessary textbooks there. If they need any consultation, their teachers answer their questions.
8. After their working day is over the students train in many different sports clubs.
9. At the end of each term students must pass end-of-term tests before they can take exams. Those students, who study regularly, pass their exams very well, but those who spend little time on their studies often fail at the exams.
SPEAKING
DIALOGUE 1
Meeting a friend
Peter: Hello, Nick.
Nick: Hello, Peter. Haven’t seen you for ages.
Peter: What are you doing here? Are you a student of this University?
Nick: Oh, yes. I’ve finished the eleventh form this year and decided to enter the University to acquire a civil engineering course degree.
Peter: Glad to hear that. As you know, I’m a third-year student of this University.
Nick: What course degree will you acquire?
Peter: I study at the faculty of Economics and Management. In two years, I’m going to become an economist. I like my future profession very much.
Nick: And I chose a course degree of civil engineering. I hope I’ll graduate from the Academy in five years and become a qualified civil engineer.
Peter: Do you stay in a hostel? I’ve not seen you there.
Nick: No, I live with my parents. Come to see me at my place some time.
Peter: Thank you. I’ll come. Good-bye.
Nick: Good-bye.
LISTENING
UNIT 3
The Russian Federation
READING AND DISCUSSION
TEXT 3A
Russia
1. The vast territory of the Russian Federation lies in the eastern part of Europe and in the Northern part of Asia. It is one of the largest countries in the world. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers.
2. Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are: the Atlantic, the Arctic and the Pacific. The northern and eastern coasts of Russia are washed by the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Okhotsk Sea.
3. There are various types of climate on the territory of Russia. It is very cold in the North even in summer. The central part of the country has mild climate. In the South the temperature is usually above zero all year round even in winter, the climate is very favourable.
4. The land of Russia varies a lot from thick forests to barren deserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys. Russia is located on two plains: the Great Russian plain and the West Siberian plain. The Urals, the longest mountain chain, separates Europe from Asia.
5. Russia is a land of long rivers and deep lakes. The broad Volga river system is of great historic, economic and cultural importance to Russia. Numerous canals join all the rivers in the European part of Russia, making it the 1argest inland water transportation route in Europe. The Volga River runs into the Caspian Sea, which is in reality, the largest lake in the world. The Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
6. Russia is rich in natural resources. It has deposits of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, gold, nickel, etc.
7. Russia borders on fourteen countries, including the former republics of the USSR, which are now independent states.
8. Russia has all modern branches of industry. It is a foremost producer of cement, metal-cutting machines, timber, woollen cloth, sugar and butter. It takes one of the leading places in Europe in industrial output and electric energy production.
9. The population of Russia is about 150 million people. 83 per cent of the population is Russians. 70 per cent of the population lives in cities.
10. Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. It was founded in 1147. It is a nice city. There are a lot of places of interest in Moscow. You can see a lot of museums, art galleries, theatres and monuments in our capital. There are also other big beautiful cities in Russia, such as St. Petersburg, Ekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk and others.
11. The history of Russia dates back to the year 862. Now Russia is a Presidential Republic. The Russian Federative Republic is set up by the Constitution of 1993. The Federal Government consists of three branches: the legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President.
12. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation. The Lower Chamber is the State Duma. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. Legislature may be initiated in either of the two chambers. However, to become a law a bill must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill.
13. The President is Commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties, enforces laws, and appoints ministers to be approved by the Federal Assembly.
14. The executive power belongs to the Government, which is headed by the Prime Minister. The first action by the Prime Minister on appointment is to form the Cabinet. The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and regional courts. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by the popular vote for a four-year period.
15. Today the state symbol of Russia is a three-coloured banner. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolises the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one symbolises liberty. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It originates from the heraldic emblem of the Ruricovitchies.
16. Russia has always played an important role in the word. It is one of its leading powers.
Exercises
Pronounce correctly.
| approve [ ‘pru:v] | ocean [‘эu∫n] |
| Arctic [‘a:ktik] | originate [э‘ridζineit] |
| Asia [‘ei∫э] | Pacific [pэ‘sifik] |
| chamber [‘t∫eimbэ] | per cent [pэ‘sent] |
| climate [‘klaimэt] | route [ru:t] |
| cultural [kΛlt∫rэl] | Siberian [sai’biэriэn] |
| either [‘aiðэ] | stripe [straip] |
| Europe [‘juэrэp] | supreme [sju’pri:m] |
| executive [ig’zekjutiv] | symbolize [‘simbэlaiz] |
| foremost [‘fо:mэust] | territory [‘terэtэri] |
| initiate [I’ni∫iэit] | Urals [‘juэrэlz] |
| judicial [d udi∫l] | various [‘v эriэs] |
| legislative [‘ledζislэtiv] | vary [‘v эri] |
| natural [‘næt∫rэl] | veto [‘vi:tэu] |
| numerous [‘nju:mэrэs] | zero [‘ziэrэu] |
Some cities of Russia
1. St. Petersburg lies on the same parallel as Alaska and the southern part of Greenland. However, its climate due to the warm Gulfstream is milder. The winters are warmer than in Moscow, it becomes dark early during the short winter days but in early summer the white nights last for weeks.
2. Founded it 1703 by Peter the Great St. Petersburg was Russia’s capital until 1918.
3. The second largest city in Russia St. Petersburg has above 5 million people. Now St. Petersburg is one of Russia’s most important cultural centers. It has more than 40 institutions of higher education and a large number of research institutes. There are a lot of museums in St. Petersburg including the world-famous Hermitage with its 323 halls. Many of the former palaces are now museums.
4. Novosibirsk is situated on the Ob. Novosibirsk is a relatively young city. Today it has a population of about 1.5 million and is one of the largest industrial centers of Russia.
5. The most interesting feature of Novosibirsk’s cultural development is the appearance of the Siberian branch of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation. A new scientific center was built in a pinewood near the Ob Storage Lake formed by the Novosibirsk hydropower station. A lot of famous scientists came from all over the country to work here.
6. Volgograd stands near the Volga-Don Canal. There the left bank of the river is higher and from the deck of a ship people get a magnificent view of the 70-kilometer-long city. A bitter battle was fought here in 1942-43. It was history’s greatest battle, fighting continued for six and a half months, at the walls of the hero city, in its streets and squares.
7. This battle which ended in February 1943 with encirclement and destruction of a huge nazi army showed people patriotism, courage and heroism and was the turning point in the Great Patriotic War.
8. Industrial development of this city began long before the World War II. Many heavy industries that turned the city into one of the most important industrial centers of Russia were built during the prewar five-year plan periods.
9. Nazis turned the city into heaps of brick and metal. Today it is a city of beautiful buildings, busy streets and large parks.
Siberia
1. Siberia is extremely rich. 75 per cent of coal deposits in this country, up to 80 per cent of its hydropower resources and 80 per cent of its timber reserves, the biggest deposits of non-ferrous and precious metals, huge resources of iron ore, building materials, etc. are concentrated here. The difficulty is to find easy and cheap ways of extracting coal, ores and other minerals. This can be done by the common effort of big scientific establishments. Oil was first discovered in Western Siberia in 1960. Extraction began in 1964. In 1971, Siberian oil workers obtained approximately 45 million tons, and in 1972, the yield exceeded 60 million tons. A major oil-producing centre has been set up in a short period under very difficult natural and climatic conditions.
2. Siberia, which used to be a place of exile in tsarist times, now has scores of modern cities. There are a lot of educational establishments, research institutes, modern plants and factories there. These modern plants and factories, whether already in operation or still under construction express the gigantic scale of everything in Siberia. All the technology is based firmly on the latest achievements of science.
3. The rivers of Russian Siberia are an impressive symbol of its inexhaustible strength and might. The Angara alone has a greater power-engineering potential than all the power stations in France, Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Holland and Spain put together. The Bratsk Hydro-Power Station is one of the biggest in the world.
4. Siberia is not only a highly-industrialized region. It is a major granary. The climate in some regions of Siberia is very warm and humid and never affected by severe drought. Good harvests are usual. Lake Baikal in Siberia is a huge depository of fresh water. Siberia is a major economic area in the country.
SPEAKING
DIALOGUE 1
On the Isle of Kizhi
Guide: This church is an excellent example of Russian wooden architecture. It was built at the turn of the seventeenth century and is made of wood. It was built with an axe alone, no other tools were used by the craftsman, and the wooden parts were joined without any nails.
Tourists: Fantastic! Unbelievable! Incredible!
Tourist A: It’s the most beautiful wooden church I’ve ever seen! Who was it designed by?
Guide: It was designed and built by one and the same man. There’s a legend about him. Would you like to listen to it?
Tourists: Yes, yes, of course!
Guide: Well, the legend says that after finishing his work he looked at the church and thought: “I’ll never be able to build anything better than this, even if it takes me a lifetime!” So he threw his axe into the lake and left the island for good!
St. Petersburg
A.: May I ask you some questions about St. Petersburg?
B.: Certainly.
A.: When was it founded?
B.: It was founded in 1703 by Peter the First.
A.: Was St. Petersburg the original name of the city?
B.: Yes, it was originally called St. Petersburg, then it was called Petrograd, and later Leningrad.
A.: And when was it renamed Leningrad?
B.: It was renamed Leningrad after V.I. Lenin’s death in 1924. And now the city has its original name.
A.: Are there many places of interest in St. Petersburg?
B.: Oh, the whole city is a wonderful museum in itself because many famous architects took part in the creation of St. Petersburg.
A.: Name the most beautiful places of the city, please.
B.: With pleasure. They are the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Rostral Columns, the Bronze Horseman, Palace Square, Saint Isaac’s Cathedral and many others.
A.: What is the Bronze Horseman famous for?
B.: It is famous because it is the statue of the city’s founder, Peter the First. Pushkin wrote about this statue in his famous poem “Bronze Horseman”.
A.: Thank you very much.
B.: Not at all. I like St. Petersburg very much and it is real pleasure to speak about it.
LISTENING
Exercises
1. Pronounce correctly.
| architecture Baltic cultural engineering major modernize nowadays | ['a:kitekòэ] ['bоltik] [ 'kΛltòrэl] [,endζi'niэriŋ] ['meidζэ] [ 'mоdэnaiz] ['nauэdeiz] | record research science scientific stadium technical university | ['rekо:d] [ ri'sэ:tò] [ 'saiэns] [ ,saiэn'tifik] ['steidiэm] [ 'teknikl] [, ju:ni'vэ:sэti] |
2. Express in one word the meaning of each of the following phrases. All the words required are in the Text. You are given the first letter of each word and the number of letters in it.
1. a town where the centre of the government is - (c _ _ _ _ _ _)
2. a written statement of facts, events, etc. - (r_ _ _ _ _)
3. at the present time - (n_ _ _ _ _ _ _)
4. the (number of) people living in an area, etc. - (p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
5. a factory - (p_ _ _ _)
6. a large motor vehicle for carrying heavy goods - (l_ _ _ _)
7. a place where something is carried on - (s_ _ _)
8. a subject of knowledge - (b_ _ _ _ _)
9. an advanced and detailed study of a subject, so as - (r_ _ _ _ _ _ _)
to learn new facts
10. different - (v_ _ _ _ _ _)
11. in or of times long ago - (a_ _ _ _ _ _)
12. a tall building standing alone or forming part of - (t_ _ _ _)
a castle, church, etc
13. a chief church in a diocese (епархия) - (c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
14. suited to one's needs - (c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _)
15. a person who is present when something happens - (w_ _ _ _ _ _)
16. something worth seeing - (s_ _ _ _ _)
Moscow Places of Interest
1. Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. It attracts tourists from all over the world.
2. Moscow is known for its beautiful old cathedrals, churches and monasteries. Some of them date from the 15th to the17th centuries. Before the revolution of 1917 Moscow had 350 churches, but many of them were destroyed after the revolution.
3. Moscow is also noted for its art museums. The most popular of them are the Tretyakov Gallery and the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. The Tretyakov Gallery houses a unique collection of Russian painters. Almost all famous Russian paintings are represented there.
4. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts contains a vast collection of antiquities and a well-known collection of modern foreign painters including Impressionists.
5. The oldest part of Moscow is the Kremlin. This is the main tourist attraction in Moscow. The Kremlin stands at the heart of the city. The word “Kremlin” means fortress, and the Moscow Kremlin used to be a fortress. In 1156 a small settlement in Moscow was surrounded with a wooden wall, and became a Kremlin. The town and the Kremlin were burnt in 1237 and 1293 during the Tatar invasion, but they were rebuilt. In 1367 Prince Dmitry Donskoy built a white-stone wall around the Kremlin. In the 15th century, by order of Tsar Ivan III the Kremlin was surrounded with a new red-brick wall.
6. Twenty towers of the Kremlin wall were constructed in the end of the 17th century. By that time Moscow had already ceased to be a fortress. The towers were built for decoration and had no military significance. Five of the towers were gates. The Tainitskaya Tower had a secret passage to the Moskva River. The Spasskaya Tower is a symbol of Russia and Moscow. It has a famous clock; one can hear its chimes on the radio. The clock which we can see today was installed in the middle of the 19th-century.
7. The buildings inside the Kremlin wall were built between the 15th and 17th centuries. There is the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great (16 c.), and a famous group of churches. The Uspensky Cathedral is the largest one. It was built in 1479; there Russian tsars and imperators were crowned. In the Archangel Cathedral one can see tombs of Moscow princes and tsars. Among them are the tombs of Ivan the Terrible, his sons Ivan and Tsar Fyodor. Blagoveshensky Cathedral was built in 1484. It is noted for its frescoes by Andrei Rublyov and his pupils.
8. Granovitaya Palata is another masterpiece inside the Kremlin wall. Moscow tsars held magnificent receptions in honour of foreign ambassadors there. The Tsar Cannon (16 c.) and the Tsar Bell attract crowds of tourists, too.
9. Outside the Kremlin wall there is the famous Red Square. Tourists can look at the magnificent Cathedral of Vasily the Blessed, the Lenin Mausoleum and the monument to K.Minin and D.Pozharsky.
SPEAKING
DIALOGUE 1
Doing the sights of Moscow
A.: Well, it seems we’ve got a chance of doing the sights of Moscow.
B.: I suggest we start with Red Square.
A.: Who will be our guide?
B.: If you like I can show you round the Square.
A.: Splendid! Red Square, the Kremlin… these words symbolize Russia for millions of people both in this country and abroad.
B.: That’s right. For centuries, the Kremlin has remained the center of the country’s life.
A.: It has a long history. As far as I know it used to be a fortress, a residence of the tsars. Who was the founder of Moscow?
B.: As far as I remember the chroniclers first mention Prince Yuri Dolgoruky as the founder in 1147. Take a look at the Spassky Tower!
A.: The melodious chimes of the clock-tower are well-known all over the world.
B.: The Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral are really unique creations. Masterpieces of Russian architecture!
A.: Majestic sights! If only their stones could speak.
B.: Let’s go to “The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.”
(They look at the eternal flame of the memorial.)
B.: Peace and quiet, a lot of flowers!
A.: I should write an article about today’s excursion. It has moved me deeply and made me see a lot of things differently. Noble aims, life and death for the sake of people, memory, gratitude, eternal values – that’s what I’m thinking of now. People should keep up the traditions of their nation.
B.: Next time we’ll see other historic places of Moscow. There are a lot of palaces, old mansions, monuments associated with the history of this country. However, it requires a special tour.
A.: Oh, yes, we do understand. Moscow like Rome wasn’t built in a day and it can’t be seen in a day, can it?
Seeing Moscow
A.: How long are you going to stay here after the congress, Mr. Fennell?
B.: A week or so, I think. Is it possible to see anything of Moscow in a week?
A.: Well, yes, but of course not much.
B.: What do you think I should see first?
A.: Well, if you are interested in historical places, you should go to the Kremlin first. It would be a good idea to go to Ostankino or Kuskovo, too.
B.: That would be fine, but I’d like to leave some time for art galleries, too.
A.: We could go to the Tretyakov Gallery tomorrow, there’s a marvelous collection of Russian artists here, and the day after tomorrow we could see the Museum of Fine Arts.
B.: Wonderful! I feel most grateful to you. When will I see you tomorrow, then?
A.: Tomorrow’s Saturday. What about ten in the morning?
B.: Right. See you!
A.: Till tomorrow!
19. Memorize and reproduce Dialogue 2.
20. Fill in the missing remarks of the dialogue.
A.: Is there anything worth seeing in Moscow?
B.: … .
A.: What would you recommend me to see first?
B.: … .
A.: I’d like to begin with the latter.
B.: … .
A.: When is it open to the public?
B.: … .
DIALOGUE 3
Driving to Ostankino
Victor Lavrov is taking Alan Landon, his American counterpart, round Moscow. They are driving to Ostankino.
A.: I can recognize this monument. It’s a statue to Pushkin, isn’t it?
V.:Quite right. It’s my favorite Moscow monument.
A.: And that building on the left … What a fine piece of architecture!
V.:It used to be called “The English Club” before the Revolution. I’m sorry I don’t remember the architect’s name. It’s such a pity I’m not a professional guide.
A.: That’s all right! I don’t much like sightseeing with professional guides. You’re doing well enough for me.
V.:Oh, thanks, then I’ll go on. Soon you’ll see the clock on the Puppet Theatre. At exactly twelve all doors in the clock open, and figures of animals come out and dance. It’s worth seeing. A lot of people come to watch.
A.: I’d like to see one of their plays if I manage to leave some time for theatres. Our programme’s going to be very crowded, isn’t it?
V.: Oh, not as crowded as all that! We can go on Saturday evening.
21. Memorize and reproduce Dialogue 3.
22. Make up and act dialogues considering the following assignments.
1.You are taking your friend to one of the places of interest in Moscow connected with the history of Russia.
2. You are a guide of Red Square.
LISTENING
Belgorod
1. Belgorod is an old and beautiful city. Its history is bound up with the history of Russia. The first mention of Belgorod can be found in the Russian chronicles dated back to the 16th century. It was founded in 1596. Since that time, it has become larger and larger.
2. During the Great Patriotic War fascist invaders burned, blasted and bombed it using the powerful artillery. The Kursk Bulge Memorial situated not far from Belgorod is devoted to the heroic defence of the city during the war. After the war, Belgorod has risen from under the heaps of ruins and now it is young and beautiful.
3. Belgorod is an important industrial and cultural centre of Russia. At present, its population is about 400,000 people. It is the centre of the Belgorod region.
4. Belgorod is a very green city. Everybody likes its abundance of trees and flowers in avenues, public gardens and parks, just in streets near residential blocks of flats. There are a lot of places of interest in Belgorod, such as Revolution Square, the Kursk Bulge Diorama, the Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of Local Lore, the Lenin Park, the monument to M. Schepkin, beautiful churches and others.
5. Today Belgorod is a large industrial city of Russia. There are a lot of plants and factories in it. The trademarks of Belgorod can be seen on machine tools, boilers, power equipment, radio receivers, cement, various metal structures, chemical products, medicines, canned food products and others.
6. Belgorod is also a city of science. It has a lot of research institutes and six higher educational institutions. The city has rich cultural traditions. There are a lot of cinemas, libraries, palaces of Culture and Sports in it. In the centre of Sobornaya Square there is Schepkin Drama Theatre which is very popular with theatre-goers. Children like to go to the Puppet-Show Theatre. Many writers, poets, artists, scientists, engineers and doctors live and work here.
7. The city of Belgorod honours its past and is full of creative effort and vitality. We are proud of it.
Pronounce correctly.
artillery [a:'tilэri] medicine ['medsn]
avenue ['ævэnju:] memorial [mэ'mоriэl]
bulge [bΛldζ] popular ['pоpjulэ]
chronicle ['kronikl] power ['pauэ]
creative [kri'eitiv] puppet [p'Λpit]
cultural ['kΛlt∫эrэl] residential [,rezi'den∫l]
fascist ['fæ∫ist ] scientist ['saiэntist]
heroic [hi'rэuik] structure ['strΛktэ]
industrial [in'dΛstriэl] various ['veэriэs]
machine-tool [mэ'∫i:ntu:l] vitality [vai'tælэti]
SPEAKING
DIALOGUE 1
Talking of the home town
Mary: Where are you from, Peter?
Peter: From Kazan. What about you, Mary?
Mary: I’m from Ekaterinburg, the capital of the Urals region.
Peter: Oh, I do remember now, I heard you sing a song about the Urals at the student concert. You are very fond of your native town, aren’t you? Mary: Yes, I am. I adore it. I am always dreaming of going back to my native lands. Very often I am home-sick.
Peter: When did you last visit your parents?
Mary: A year ago. But I often write to them. My mother and father are missing me terribly, and so am I.
Peter: Would like you to tell me something about Ekaterinburg?
Mary: With pleasure, but not at this moment. Now I am in hurry. Tonight I’m going to Helen’s birthday party.
Peter: Well, I send her my best regards and wish her many happy returns of the day. Excuse my detaining you. Hope to see you tomorrow.
Mary: So long, Peter. Drop in tomorrow evening if you have time.
17. Memorize and reproduce Dialogue 1.
18. Make up dialogues of your own using Dialogue 1 as model.
Situations: You meet your groupmate and talk about:
a)your native town;
b) some places of interest of your native town;
c) the letter you received from a friend of yours who lives in
your native town.
DIALOGUE 2
LISTENING
READING AND DISCUSSION
TEXT 6A
Citizens of Russia have the right to education, which is guaranteed by the Constitution and ensured by the broad development of secondary education, vocational, specialized secondary and higher education, by the development of correspondence and evening courses, by the provision of state scholarships and privileges for students.
2. In Russia there is a nine-year compulsory education, but to enter a higher educational institution one has to study two years more.
3. After finishing secondary school, lyceum or gymnasium one can go on to higher education. All applicants must take competitive examinations. Entrance examinations are held in July and August. Higher educational institutions are headed by Rectors. Vice-rectors are in charge of the academic and scientific work. Higher educational institutions train students in one or several specializations. Faculties are headed by Deans. There are departments within faculties. The system of higher education in Russia is going through a transitional period. The main objectives of the reform are: decentralization of the higher education system, development of the autonomy of higher educational institutions, expansion of academic freedoms of faculties and students, development of a new financial mechanism. All Russian schools until recently have been state-subsidised.
4. In the terms of the ratio of students to the total population Russia ranks among the top ten countries in the world.
5. The Russian educational policy is a combination of economic and social objectives. On the one hand, an educated person contributes more to the society and, on the other hand, education gives a person the prospect for professional advance. The citizens of Russia show a great concern for education for themselves and their children.
6. Institutions of higher education include: technical training schools, teachers' training colleges, universities and academies which offer master's and doctoral degree programmes.
7. The faculties have specialized councils for conferring advanced academic degrees.
Exercises
Pronounce correctly.
| broad [brо:d] competitive [kэm'petэtiv] compulsory [kэm'plsэri] contribute [kэn'tribju:t] council ['kaunsl] decentralization [di:,sentrэlai'zei∫n] financial [fai'næn∫эl] guarantee ['gærэnti] institution [,insti'tju:∫n] | mechanism ['mekэnizm] provision [prэ'viζn] ratio ['rei∫iэu] social ['sэul] specialization [ ,spe∫эlai'zei∫n] subsidize ['sΛbsidaiz] through [оru:] transitional [træn'zi∫nl] vocational [vэu'kei∫nэl] |
Education in Russia
1. Every citizen of this country has the right to education. This right is guaranteed by the Constitution. It is not only a right but a duty, too. Every boy or girl must get secondary education. They go to school at the age of the six or seven and must stay there until they are 14-17 years old. At school, pupils study academic subjects, such as Russian, Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, a foreign language and others.
2. After finishing 9 forms of a secondary school young people can continue their education in the10th and 11th form. They can also go to a vocational or technical school, where they study academic subjects and receive a profession. A college gives general knowledge in academic subjects and a profound knowledge in one or several subjects.
3. After finishing a secondary, vocational, technical school or college, young people can start working or enter a university or an academy. Universities and academies train specialists in different fields. A course at a university usually takes 5 years. Many universities and academes have part-time and correspondence departments. They give their students an opportunity to study without leaving their jobs. Universities and academies have post-graduate courses, which give candidate or doctoral degrees.
4. Education in this country is free at most school. There are private primary and secondary schools where pupils have to pay for their studies. Students of universities and academies get scholarships. At many universities and academies there are also departments at which students have to pay for their education.
TEXT 6C
SPEAKING
DIALOGUE 1
DIALOGUE 2
TALKING OF STUDIES
(Two friends, Ivan and Paul, meet each other in the reading room of the library. It’s been ages since they saw each other. Both of them served in the Russian Army, returned to their former work and became students. Ivan is a part-time student and Paul is a correspondence student.)
Ivan: Hallo, Paul, old chap! Haven’t seen you for ages. How are you getting on?
Paul: I’m very glad to see you again! Everything is O.K. Well, Ivan, I suggest we should go somewhere and have a drink.
Ivan: No objections. But first tell me, old man, what are you doing here? You look so anxious as though you are solving a very serious problem.
Paul: Right you are, Ivan. I’m a correspondence student of the Academy. They send me a lot of written assignments and demand that everything should be done on time. I’m busy like hell, you know…
Ivan: So am I! The difference is that you don’t have to attend classes three times a week. You can manage your time more freely than me, a poor part-time student.
Paul: There are pros and cons in every situation. As for me, I prefer the type of study I’ve chosen. Well, enough of that! Let’s go, old chap … .
DIALOGUE 3
End-of-term exams
Peter: How many exams did you take last term?
Boris: Four.
Peter: Did you pass all of them?
Boris: Certainly, but I didn’t do very well, unfortunately I got a sat in Physics. How about you?
Peter: I passed three exams and failed math.
Boris: But you were quite good at math. Why did you fail that exam?
Peter: I’m afraid I was loafing the second half of the term; that’s the reason.
Boris: Oh, I see. I hope you’ll manage to pass the exam in math very soon.
LISTENING
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated off the Northwest coast of Europe. The UK consists of four parts. They are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK lies on the British Isles. The two main islands are Great Britain and Ireland. They are separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The west coast of the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea. The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is nearly 60 million.
Geographically Great Britain is divided into Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises Southern and Eastern Britain. Highland Britain includes Scotland, Wales, the Pennines and the Lake District. The highest mountain, Ben Nevis, is in Scotland. The flora of the British Isles is much varied and the fauna is similar to that of the north-west of Europe.
Britain is not very rich in natural industrial resources. The main coal areas are the South Wales fields, the Lowlands of Scotland, the Yorkshire field and others. The deposits of iron ore are in the east of England and in the Middle-England plain.
The climate of Great Britain is mild. The Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the weather of the British Isles. Summers are cool and rainy. There is a lot of rain and fog in autumn and in winter.
The United Kingdom is one of the world's most industrialized countries. Big cities and towns such as London, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool and others have enterprises of nearly all branches of industry, old and new.
7. The biggest centers of iron and steel industry are situated in the
neighbourhood of coal basins. They are Newcastle, Cardiff, Glasgow and
Sheffield. Steam engines and electric motors, machine tools, derricks, textile
machinery, locomotives and automobiles are produced at the machine-building plants of Birmingham, Sheffield and London. The shipbuilding industry is of great importance for Britain. Many countries place orders for new ships with the British shipyards in Glasgow, Belfast and Newcastle. The most important branches of the textile industry are woolen and cotton industries. British woolen stuffs are widely known for their high quality. The main center of the cotton industry is Manchester. Britain imports cotton from America and other countries through the port of Liverpool.
Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The powers of the British Queen are limited by Parliament. The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The main political parties of Great Britain are the Conservative and Labour Parties. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has always played an important role in world politics.
Notes:
| 1. English Channel [‘iŋgli∫’t∫ænl] 2. Highland Britain [‘hailэnd’britn] 3. Lowland Britain [‘lэulэnd’britn] 4. Lowlands of Scotland 5. Lake District [‘leik’distrikt] 6. The Pennines [‘penainz] 7. Strait of Dover [‘streitэv’dэuvэ] | - Английский канал (принятое в Великобритании название пролива Ла-Манш) -гористая часть Великобритании - низменная часть Великобритании - Шотландская низменность - Озерный край, Озерный округ (живописный район рек и озер на северо-западе Англии) - Пеннинские горы - Па-де-Кале (букв. Дуврский пролив) |
Exercises
Pronounce correctly.
| Atlantic Ocean [эt’læntik’эu∫n] Belfast [,bel’fa:st] Birmingham [‘bэ:miŋэm] | monarchy [‘mоnэki] neighbourhood [‘neibэhud] Newcastle [‘nju:kasl] |
| British Isles [‘briti∫’ailz] Cardiff [‘ka:dif] England [‘iŋglэnd] Europe [‘juэrэp] | Northern Ireland [‘nо:ðэn’aiэlэnd] Parliament [‘pa:lэmэnt] Scotland [‘skоtlэnd] Severn [‘sevn] |
| Glasgow [‘gla:zgэu] Great Britain [,greit’britn] Gulf Stream [‘gΛlf’stri:m] Irish Sea [‘airi∫’si:] Liverpool [‘livэpu:l | Sheffield [‘∫efi:ld] Southern Britain [‘sΛðэn’britn] Sovereign [‘sоvrin] Thames [temz] United Kingdom [ju’naitid’kiŋdэm] |
| London [‘lΛndэn] Manchester [‘mænt∫istэ] | Wales [weilz] Yorkshire [‘jо:k∫iэ] |
SPEAKING
DIALOGUE 1
An interview
Robert: Excuse me; are you the Russian students who’ve been visiting England?
Boris: Yes, that’s right!
Robert: I’m a reporter from the “Mirror”. I’d like you to tell me something about
your visit. Were you invited by the National Union of Students, the biggest
students’ organization of Great Britain?
Boris: Yes, we were.
Robert: How long have you been here?
Boris: Since last Monday.
Robert: And what have you seen during your visit?
Boris: Oh, we’ve been to so many places, I really don’t know where to begin. First, we visited Cambridge, then Oxford and Stratford- on-Avon – the town where Shakespeare was born.
Robert: It’s a pity you’ve had such bad weather.
Boris: Well, we expected rain when we came to England and we are sorry we had no fog.
Robert: You’ll have to come again one winter, if you want to see a real Londonfog. Well, what did you like best in England?
Boris: Oh, the Jodrell Bank telescope, one of the biggest radio-telescopes in the world. I am studying astronomy, you see.
Robert: Now, may I ask you what you disliked most?
Boris: But really, we enjoyed everything.
Robert: Nonsense! There must be something you don’t like. Apart from the weather, of course.
Boris: There was just one thing, you know. They woke us every morning at seven with a horribly strong cup of tea with milk.
Robert: I am glad it wasn’t anything worse.
Boris: The train will be leaving in a moment. I’m afraid we have to say good-buy.
17. Memorize and reproduce Dialogue 1.
Talking of the British
Stogov’s stay in London is coming to an end. Before leaving the country he visits Mr. Brown with whom he has been doing business.
Stogov: Well, Mr. Brown. I’ve come to say good-bye. This time on Monday I’ll be in Moscow.
Brown: I’m sure you’ll be glad to get back; I hope you are not disappointed with your stay here.
Stogov: On the contrary. I did enjoy it. On the whole, business went well.
Brown: Lots of people think that the British are cold and reserved. Many foreigners say: “Oh, you English are unsociable!”
Stogov: Yes, I’ve heard that said. But after meeting Briti