Грамматический справочник 6 страница

The older generation in England finds itself in a similar position.

A nineteenth century book of good manners noted: “It is a cruel rule that altogether excludes very old and very young people from dinners; but the “dumb” are out of place at them as much as the over-loquacious. Very literal people, too, who cannot take a joke, do not add to general enjoyment of a feast”.

Maybe this is why elderly people living in England value their independence so highly. They will do anything so as not to become a burden to their children and, in essence, remain free from their influence. One of the nice things about living in England is their equivalent of the old people`s home, with your personal items and belongings, but with the advantage of having round the clock medical care, the possibility to talk with people of your age, and an entertainment programme.

The English seem to become even more active once they retire, occupied with their garden, taking up a hobby, or traveling round England or even abroad.

Finally the last but certainly not the least important members of the English family are the pets. While the children are banished to some of the worst places in the house (for their upbringing, you understand!), a dog or a cat will probably have the most honoured place. A walk with the dog is always a pleasant, if rather one-sided, conversation full of gentleness and warmth. The English love cats with all their hearts. An interest in horses is not something that everybody can afford. Nevertheless, here as well we can see more love and warmth towards them than in relations between humans. Horse races in England are an event on a national scale.

The law about the proper treatment of animals appeared in England at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the first country in the world to adopt such a law.

5.1.19. Прочитайте данный текст. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1. All happy families are happy in the same way.

2. There are a lot of female writers in Europe.

3. Margaret Tatcher worked as a common worker at a factory.

4. English women take their husband`s first name and surname after marriage.

5. Those in love are recommended to refrain from open displays of their emotions.

6. In England boys and girls go to separate boarding schools.

7. In England children are allowed to do everything they wish.

8. Elderly people in England prefer to live independently.

5.1.20.Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is peculiar of happy families?

2. What English female writers are mentioned in the text? What other female writers can you mention?

3. What characterizes western societies?

4. What characterizes English society?

5. Why are those in love recommended to refrain open displays of their relationship?

6. What helps to bring up a real Englishman?

7. What is peculiar of children` s upbringing?

8. Why do elderly people in England value their independence very highly?

5.1.21. Переведите данные словосочетания на английский язык.

В различных странах; во-первых; в то же самое время; особое место; так много писательниц; мужской псевдоним; в области литературы; достаточно упомянуть; целая эра (эпоха); кажется, английские женщины не страдают от этого комплекса; бороться за свои права; собраться, чтобы поговорить за чашкой чая; комплименты неприемлемы; открытое проявление чувств; образ жизни; так называемая детская комната; где-то на мансарде; в особенности для детей из аристократических и богатых семей; «запрещен вход детям и собакам»; в том же самом положении; пожилые люди; в сущности; круглосуточная медицинская помощь; закон о надлежащем обращении с животными.

5.1.22. Прочитайте текст еще раз. Найдите предложения, содержащие формы Participle 1 и Participle 2. Переведите данные предложения на русский язык.

5.1.23. Сократите данный текст, опустив несущественные детали.

5.1.24.Составьте план, передайте содержание текста по ключевым словам и объясните ваше отношение к данной информации.

Family; basis; woman; to occupy; place; era; authority; to reign; to suffer; “women` s rights”; restraint; principle; children; boarding schools; upbringing; the older generation; independence; pets.

5.1.25. Расскажите об отношении людей к семье, детям, пожилым людям, домашним животным в нашей стране.

Раздел 5.2.

5.2.1.Отработайте произношение данных слов, уточнив их произношение по словарю.

to break up niece n nephew n cousin n half-sister n stepbrother/sister n nursery n crèche n resume v divorce v spinster n routine n

разбивать племянница племянник двоюродный брат /сестра единокровная или единоутробная сестра сводный брат /сестра (детские) ясли (детские) ясли возобновлять, продолжать (после перерыва) разводиться юр.незамужняя женщина установленный порядок

5.2.2. Просмотрите данный текст и дайте ответ на вопрос:What kind of families are described in this text?

FAMILY

Vivien.My dad is quite old, he is 81. My mum is about 15 years younger. I have two brothers. Nigel, who is seven years older than me, is a computer programmer. His main interest is music, and he plays the guitar very well, and the piano. He is married to Nikki, who is an artist. She is half Swiss, and paints pictures for a living. They live in London, and have two children. My other brother Chris, is a stockbroker, and he lives with his family in Hong Kong because the firm he works for sent him out there. He met his wife Leslie in South Africa, when he was working there. Leslie doesn`t work and she brings up the children. They have got four children. So I have six nieces and nephews, which means I have got a lot of presents to buy at Christmas! I come from quite a big family. I worked it out once that I have got 25 cousins, because my dad` s dad married twice, and my mum` s mum married twice. My mum has two brothers and sisters, and she has three half-sisters. And my dad has four brothers and sisters and two stepbrothers and sisters. My parents live in the country, in the south-west of England. When I lived in England I used to go to visit them maybe every month. Now I go about twice a year. Normally I go at Christmas and some time in the summer.

In England the stereotypical family is husband and wife and 2.4 children, so they say, and a dog and a cat. We have two cats, by the way. They were my cats, but when I left to come and live in Hungary I took them to my mum. We used to have a dog, a big golden Labrador.

The English stereotypical family of husband and wife is, I suppose, changing now because there are a lot of one-parent families. A lot of people get divorced now and live on their own, and bring up their children on their own. What about my parents? Well, my mother never worked, she was a housewife, and she and my dad lived in Sri Lanka and India for much of their married life, because my dad was a businessman. He is retired now but used to import, I think it was whisky and fertilizer, from England to Sri Lanka. My mum brought up two children there. I was born a year after they moved back to England, near London, so that` s a bit different from exotic Asia. I suppose in a way we conformed to the typical stereotype of a family. My father was the breadwinner and the head of the family, and my mother was a housewife .

Nowadays in England, most women seem to want to go out to work, and even if they have children they send them to a nursery or crèche at a very early age, and go back to work to resume their careers. Also, quite often now a lot of old people live on their own, not usually with their children and their grandchildren as used to be the case.

Thomas.Nowadays, I don`t have very close contact with my family. I write occasionally to my father and mother, and I hear news from my brother. Sometimes I get a letter from my grandmother as well. Also we telephone each other. I haven` t felt close part of the family unit since my mother and father divorced. They have been divorced for about eleven years now. I` m 25, by the way, so when they divorced, I was 14, and from this age I started to get my independence, started to live my own life a little bit.. When I was younger, though, the family atmosphere was mostly very happy. I remember going away with my parents for trips in the country, in the park. We had a dog, it was for the first 12 years of my life

During my early childhood, I spent almost all of my time with my mother. She taught us things and of course cooked for us, and played for us all day, when we were at home. When she left, my relationship with my father became stronger. Things were never the same after the family broke up. We were quite an isolated family. We were rarely visited by friends of the family, but they weren` t very sociable. I spent a lot of time with my brother in my growing years. We used to play together. Sometimes we would end up with quarrelling or fighting, maybe that` s usual for young children brought up in this kind of society.

Every other week, or sometimes every week, we could go at the weekend to stay with my grandmother, who we called Nanna. My grandmother` s really lovely. She never stops making tea. Every 15 minutes of the day, she comes into the room with a big pot of tea and says: “Would you like a nice cup of tea?” Now, she` s getting a little bit older, and I think she doesn` t do as much as she did, but she is a really wonderful person.

My other grandmother, who is my grandmother on my father` s side also had a broken marriage. She divorced my grandfather before I was born, so I never saw them together. Over the last few years, I have visited her a few times, because we have something in common, which is our Christian religion.

I never met my mother` s father, he died before I was born, but I knew my father` s father when I was smaller. After he split up with his wife, he lived together with his sister, who was my great aunt. She never married or even had a boyfriend as far as I know. She was really an old spinster. They lived a very routine life. Every time we went to see them exactly the same things would happen. They would wake up, my great aunt would make the breakfast, bring it to my grandfather, my grandfather would read the paper until a certain time, when he would listen to something on the radio, etc, etc.

I have only one aunt, who is the sister of my father. We always had a very good relationship with them (my aunt, my uncle and their children), although we rarely went to see them, only once a year, maybe at Christmas to exchange presents. Whenever we went to visit them, we would be filled up with cakes and sweets, and given little presents.

Nowadays my father and mother both have new partners. My farther has a nice girlfriend, who he is planning to move into a new house with. My mother also has a boyfriend, who works away from home a lot of time, so she is alone a lot of time now, but seems to be happy. She is a lot more creative than she ever was when I was a child. Whenever I go to see her now, or whenever I hear from her, she tells me about new things that she` s learned to make, arts and crafts, and skills.

My girlfriend, Maria, has a very close and knit family. They really take care of each other, regularly visit each other, and are always calling each other to make sure they are OK. They spend a lot of time together. It` s really nice and encouraging for me to see that the family unit really can work, as in the case of their parents, who really love each other very dearly after many years of being married, and her grandparents, who are still completely in love, and both over 80. One of my dreams is to be happily married to a ripe old age like them.

5.2.3. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы.

1. Who are Vivien`s relatives?

2. What is a stereotypical family in England?

3. What are the changes in stereotypical family in England?

4. What is the story of Thomas` family life about?

5. What is Thomas` dream?

5.2.4. На сколько логических частей можно разделить данный текст. Озаглавьте каждую часть.

5.2.5. Составьте план текста на русском языке.

5.2.6. Переведите составленный план на английский язык.

5.2.7.Напишите краткое изложение текста на английском языке.

5.2. 8. Прочитайте данный текст. Выучите его и разыграйте по ролям.

A SENTIMENTAL HUSBAND

indignation(n) – негодование

occur to smb – приходить на ум (в голову)

celebrate (v) - праздновать

It happened in Liverpool. One day Mr. Frost went to a Detective Agency and the clerk greeted him with the words:

-What can I do for you, Sir?

-I` d like to get in touch with my wife – answered Mr. Frost.

-There should be no difficulty about that – replied the clerk.

-Er…yes, but she has left me.

-Oh! I see. But when did she leave you, Sir?

-She walked out on me almost 25 years ago, 4 days after we were married.

-Oh! I see… I suppose you` d like to divorce her now?

-Not at all – answered Mr. Frost with indignation – you see in a few days` time it is our silver wedding anniversary and it just occurred to me she might like to have a drink with me to celebrate the occasion.

Раздел 5.3.

5.3.1. Прочитайте данный текст. Определите его основную идею.

Mother` s day is traditionally observed on the forth Sunday in Lent ( the Church season of penitence beginning on Ash Wednesday, the day of which varies from year to year). This is usually in March. The day used to be known as Mothering Sunday and dates from the time when many girls worked away from home as domestic servants in big households, where their hours of work were often very long. Mothering Sunday was established as a holiday for these girls and gave them an opportunity of going home to see their parents, especially their mother. They used to take presents with them, often given to them by the lady of the house.

When the labour situation changed and everyone was entitled to regular time off, this custom remained, although the day is now often called “Mother` s Day”. People visit their mothers if possible and give them flowers, and small presents. (Commercial firms take advantage of the occasion to sell as much as possible. Consequently, what was once rather a nice custom is now more than anything else a commercial “racket”.) If they cannot go they send a “Mother` s Day card”, or they may send one in any case .The family try to see that the mother has as little work to do as possible, they often help with the meals and the washing up. It is considered to be mother` s day off.

5.3.2. Письменно переведите данный текст, используя словарь.

5.3.3. Выберите заголовок, наиболее соответствующий содержанию текста.

1.Mother` s Dream

2.Mother` s Sunday

3.Mother` s Day

4.A Nice Custom

5.3.4. Ролевая игра

Ситуация –студенты A и B учатся в одном из российских вузов. Студент A – англичанин. Студент B пригласил студента A в гости к себе домой и знакомит со своей семьей.

Участники –студенты А, B, C, D,E, F,G,etc.

A – Вы студент(ка) из Англии. Учитесь в российском вузе. Студент B пригласил вас в гости. Студент Bпредставляет вас своим родным и другу (подруге). Их, в свою очередь, интересует ваша семья, хобби, привязанности. Представьтесь. Расскажите о своей семье, о родных, о хобби, о своих привязанностях.

B- Вы студент(ка) российского вуза. У вас в группе учится студент из Англии. Вы пригласили его к себе домой. Представьте его своей семье, родным, друзьям.

C,D,E,F,Getc.-члены семьи, родственники, друзья студента B. Вас интересует семья студента А, его хобби, привязанности. Дайте ответы на вопросы студента А.

БЛОК 6

* Грамматика: The Gerund

* Cловообразование

* Текст: Home, Sweet Home

Раздел 6.1.

6.1.1. Прочитайте данные предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию подлежащего. Переведите предложения на русский язык

1. Reading is her favourite occupation. 2. Swimming in the cold water was not so pleasant. 3. Watching horror films makes her excited. 4. Being alone was always difficult for her. 5. Being in a good mood is very usual for him. 6. Being late is not polite.

6.1.2. Прочитайте данные предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию именной части составного именного сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. His greatest pleasure is skating. 2. Dan’s desire is becoming a student in Oxford. 3. Her dream is traveling to Australia one day. 4. My boss is against signing this contract. 5. They are still far from being ready to start. 6. She was for starting at once.

6.1.3. Прочитайте данные предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию части составного глагольного сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He avoided speaking on this matter. 2. He bought a camera and started making films of his own. 3. The group stopped climbing the mountain because of bad weather forecast. 4. This fact is worth remembering. 5. The car needs repairing. 6. The children kept on playing.

6.1.4. Прочитайте данные предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию определения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He has got much experience in teaching. 2. Have you got any reasons of saying this? 3. What are the means of solving this task? 4. We have no intention of making the contract. 5. They realized the importance of coming to the agreement. 6. He has got the possibility of going to Great Britain.

6.1.5, Прочитайте данные предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию обстоятельства. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. After signing the contract they left. 2. Before going on business he prepared all the documents. 3. I will do without asking for his advice. 4. Instead of calling she sent him a message. 5. Besides being intelligent she is very sociable. 6. They had a snack after swimming.

6.1.6. Прочитайте данные предложения, в которых герундий выполняет функцию дополнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. What do you suggest giving him as a birthday present? 2 If you don’t mind getting stuck in a traffic jam, try going to Moscow by car. 3/ He is afraid of going to the cave alone and getting lost. 4. They are interested in sending him to the conference. 5. He remembered having read the article in some paper. 6/ I don’t fancy walking all that distance. We’d better catch a taxi.

6.1.7. Переведите данные предложения, содержащие Indefinite Gerund Passive, на русский язык.

1. I hate being told lies. 2. Max doesn’t want his dad to come in when he’s got friends in his room. He likes being left on his own. 3. He likes being invited by his friends. 4. She avoided being met by him. 5. He objected to being sent there. 6. The children like being told the fairy tales. 7. They enjoy being invited to the party. 8. Would you mind being asked such questions? 9. He didn’t mind being

left alone. 10. The client demanded being given back all the documents.

6.1.8. Прочитайте предложения, выбрав подходящую по смыслу форму Gerund, данную в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец:

She enjoys (inviting, being invited) to the party by her friends. She enjoys being invited to the party by her friends. They enjoy (inviting, being invited) friends to their house. They enjoy inviting friends to their house.

1. He has not forgotten to return the client’s call but he avoids (doing, being done) so. 2. You cannot help (laughing, being laughed) at it. 3. Ann complained of (giving, being given) the documents by the managers when it was too late. 4. Would you mind (examining, being examined) by this doctor? 5. The client demanded (seeing, being seen) the supervisor and complained loudly. 6. You should not risk (planting, being planted) the roses so early. 7. I felt something was wrong because he avoided (asking, being asked) about his family. 8. He is very busy at the moment and objects to (sending, being sent) to this conference.

9. The company have decided to cancel a failing research project to avoid (wasting, being wasted) money. 10. Would you mind (meeting, being met) them at the station?

6.1.9. Составьте предложения с формой Gerund, используя данные пары словосочетаний.

Образец:

Thank for – to come to the party, Thank you for coming to the party.

1. prevent from – give up her studies

2. think of – move to the capital city

3. succeed in – go through the exams

4. agree to – come with us

5. do without – take rush decisions

6. can’ t help – laugh at this joke

7. thank for – give a lift

8. be surprised at – see you here

9. get used to – get up early

10. have difficulty in – bring up children

6.1.10. Переделайте предложения по образцу, используя данную конструкцию с герундием.

Worth doing smth.

Образец:

This is a good film. (to see) – This film is worth seeing.

1.It’s an interesting excursion. (to go) 2. They are rare exhibits. (to display) 3. The article is informative. (to translate) 4. The job is challenging. (to apply for) 5. The fact is interesting. (to mention) 6. It is an interesting book. (to read)

Can’t help doing smth

Образец:

The news is really surprising. (to tell) – I can’ t help telling you this news.

1.The episode is funny. (to laugh) 2.The melodrama was very touching. (to cry) 3. He was being rude. (to say) 4. He was proud of his paintings. (to show) 5. The girl was curious. ( to open a present) 6. The story was exciting. (to tell)

Need doing smth

Образец:

The suit is very dirty. (to clean) – The suit needs cleaning.

1. The battery is flat. (to replace) 2. The house is in a bad condition. (to repair) 3. The dishes are dirty. (to wash up) 4. The device is out-dated. (to upgrade) 5. The garden is dry. (to water) 6. Your report is not good/ (to correct)

It’s no good

Образец:

The shops has already closed. (to go) - It’s no good going to the shop now

1.He won’t come. ( to wait for) 2. He is not enough qualified. (to offer the job) 3.The house is badly damaged. (to repair) 4. There are no tickets left. (to queue) 5.The computer is old. ( to fix) 6. It is a slow train. (to take)

Be used to doing smth

Образец:

Dan is a football fan. (to watch on TV) – Dan is used to watching football matches on TV.

1.He usually studies until 1 a.m. (to sit up late) 2. I leave for the institute at 7.30. (to get up early) 3. Most students can’t do without the Internet. (to use) 4. I share a room with my brother. (to live together) 5. The machinery is very noisy. The workers (to speak loudly) 6. He is a hardwoking.man. (to work much)

6.1.11. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя форму Gerund.

1. Мы предлагаем внести изменения в этот проект.2. Пирог был такой вкусный, что невозможно было не съесть еще кусок. 3. Мы не могли не спросить Петра о его новой работе. 4. Я уверен, что у тебя получится найти новую работу. 5. Постарайся отговорить его от поездки в горы в это время года. 6.Что ты думаешь о том, чтобы на этот раз провести отпуск в России? 7. Он уверен в том, что станет актером. 8. Многие не могут обходиться без Интернета.. 9. Тебе придется привыкнуть делать все самому. 10. Те¸ кто хорошо подготовлены, не боятся сдавать экзамен. 11. Бесполезно просить их остаться. Они должны ехать. 12. Одежду надо почистить. 13. Этот проект стоит обсудить. 14. Спасибо за то, что встретили нас в аэропорту. 15. Нам интересно работать с вами. 16. Некоторые дети боятся оставаться одни. 17. Англичане любят работать в саду. 18. Нам приятно с вами сотрудничать. 19. Мы с нетерпением ждем вашего ответа. 20. Я горжусь тем, что работаю в этой компании.

6.1.12. Вставьте недостающие части речи.

Существительное	Глагол	Прилагательное	Наречие
note	note	notable	notably
rise			----
	represent
	support
	----	particular
		sensible

6.1.13. Отработайте произношение данных слов, уточнив их транскрипцию по словарю.

mortgage n reason n plot of land turn into v identify v convenience n detached a effort n item n layout n cause v one the one hand exist v hide (hid, hidden) v completely adv fluid a fence off v personal a anxious a distinguish n fireplace n conciliation n install v state n disorder n pride n indispensable a reflection n attachment n mow n trample v get back v clutter v

ипотека, закладная причина участок земли превратить отождествлять, опознавать удобство отдельный усилие предмет, вещь расположение, планировка причинять, вызывать с одной стороны существовать прятать, прятаться совершенно, полностью текучий, жидкий отгораживать личный озабоченный, стремящийся различать, отличать камин примирение устраивать, устанавливать состояние, положение, государство беспорядок гордость совершенно необходимый отражение привязанность, преданность косить (газон) топтать возвращаться приводить в беспорядок

6.1.14..Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и выражения:

Inseparably tied to, completely without, identify their country with, furthermore, being bought on a mortgage, detached house, garden at the back, from the rest of the world, not by chance, cause problems, personal anxious relation, make a special effort, items tucked away into corners, entrance hall, fairly close to reality, full of conveniences, a good reason, give out that much heat, indispensable part, a source of national pride, faithful attachment, wealthy landowners, enjoy the pleasantness.

6.1.15. Прочитайте текст. Дайте ответ на вопрос : “What does the typical English house look like?”

HOME, SWEET HOME

For the English, the concept of the family is inseparably tied to the concept of the 'house' and 'home'. It is interesting that the English rarely use the word 'motherland'. It does, ofcourse, exist in English, but it is fairly artificial and is mainly used when talking about other nations. They are more likely to use 'house or 'home', a concept which is more important to them than any other. Their patriotism is not noisy, but hidden, completely without pathos. They never identify their country with the government or the state. These concepts are changeable and fluid, and the English like nothing more than stability. Therefore their land and their home are more important than everything else. "Home, sweet home" the English often say and write "There is no place like home" on their towels and vignettes.

Furthermore, their home must be a real home, not a flat. An Englishman's home may be small, or being bought on a mortgage, but it is his. Even if it is not a detached house, it must have its own entrance and, of course, a little garden at the back which is fenced off from the rest of the world. This is the usual town version. Out in the country, the plot of land can be turned into a real garden.