VII. Имя существительное
Притяжательный падеж имен существительных
(the Possessive Case)
Притяжательный падеж (the Possessive Case),как правило, употребляется с одушевленными существительными, обозначающими людей или животных, и выражает значение принадлежности, обладания чем-то, различных отношений. Синтаксической функцией слова в притяжательном падеже является, как правило, функция определения: Mary’s family, A. Christie’s novels, a day’s work, Boris’s wife, a month’s salary.
Форма притяжательного падежа образуется с помощью окончания ’s.На письме существуют две формы притяжательного падежа: ’s– для существительных в единственном числе и ’(apostrophe) –для существительных во множественном числе.
These students’ dictionaries–Словари этих студентов
This student’sdictionary–Словарь этого студента
That woman’s bag–Сумка той женщины
Those women’s bags–Сумки тех женщин
Примечание. Если имя собственное заканчивается на -s, -ss, -x,то s после апострофаможет либо употребляться, либо опускаться: Charles’ club, Keats’ poems, Max’ car, St.James’s Park, Bess’s toys.
Притяжательный падеж употребляется также для выражения:
1. Совместного владения чем-то: Nancy and Fred’s business; My son and daughter’s computer.
2. Меры времени или расстояния: a moment’s silence, a two-miles’ drive, a day’s wait, a two weeks’ holiday.
3. Какого-либо места (магазин, дом, мастерская, салон и так далее): at the dentist’s (office, clinic), at the butcher’s (shop), at my mother’s (house), at the hairdresser’s (saloon), at the baker’s (shop).
4. Значения «один из» во фразе с предлогом of.
Helen is a student of my mother’s.
Boris is a friend of my father’s.
Неодушевленные существительные передают значение принадлежности при помощи сочетания of + существительное: the roof of the house, the end of the story, the cover of the book.
В современном английском языке притяжательный падеж часто употребляется с неодушевленными существительными типа moon, sun, world, Earth, river, country, city, а также с названиями стран, времен года, месяцев и дней недели: the city’s population, the sun’s rays, the Earth’s surface, the river’s bed, the river’s bank, Tuesday’s programme, the country’s policy, July’s heat, a summer’s morning, London’s buses.
Если имеется в виду посвящение чего-то кому-либо, то притяжательный падеж не употребляется: the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Pushkin Monument, the Tate Gallery, the Kennedy Center.
Упражнения по теме
Упражнение 75.Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания и предложения, употребляя притяжательный падеж.
1. The ball of the dog. 2. The songs of the children. 3. The room of my friend. 4. The questions of my son. 5. The wife of my brother. 6. The table of our teacher. 7. The poems of Pushkin. 8. The voice of this girl. 9. The new club of the workers. 10. The letter of Pete. 11. The car of my parents. 12. The life of this woman. 13. The handbags of these women. 14. The flat of my sister is large. 15. The children of my brother are at home. 16. The room of the boys is large. 17. The name of this girl is Jane. 18. The work of these students is interesting. 19. The computer of my son is modern. 20. He was a friend of my cousin.
Упражнение 76.Соедините два существительных по образцу.
the door/ the room – the door of the room
the mother/ Ann – Ann’s mother
1. the camera/ Tom 2. the eyes/ the cat 3. the top/ the page 4. the daughter/ Charles 5. the newspaper/ today 6. the toys/ the children 7. the name/ your wife 8. the name/ this street 9. the car/ Mike’s parents 10. the birthday/ my farther | 11. the name/ the man I saw you with yesterday 12. the husband/ the woman talking to Tom 13. the economic policy/ the government 14. the new manager/ the company 15. the new headmaster/ the school 16. the result/ the football match 17. the ground floor/ the building 18. the house/ my aunt and uncle 19. the children/ Don and Mary 20. the garden/ our neighbours |
Упражнение 77.Переведите на английский язык.
1. Друг Петра, друзья Петра. 2. Книга Маркса, книги Маркса. 3. Учительница Бесс, учительницы Бесс. 4. Комната друга, комнаты друзей. 5. Имя сестры моего друга. 6. Тетради учеников Семенова. 7. Книги друга моего сына. 8. Оценки сыновей этих инженеров. 9. Мне нравится квартира Анны. 10. Возьми карандаши Макса. 11. Она часто посылает им письма Бориса. 12. Сын моей сестры хорошо катается на коньках. 13. Она дает уроки брату Чарльза. 14. Она много пишет сестрам Алисы. 15. Вчера нас навестили дети наших друзей. 16. Комната Алекса большая и светлая. 17. Учитель вернул тетради студентов. 18. Чей карандаш на столе? – Нашего учителя. 19. Чьи это тетради? – Моего сына. 20. Мы выучили слова 10-го урока вчера. 21. Вам нравится новая книга этого писателя? 22. Вчера мы ходили в Театр им.Гоголя. 23. Сестра жены этого инженера хорошо говорит по-немецки. 24. Вчера мы обсуждали статьи сына Иванова. 25. С кем вы были в театре в прошлую субботу? – С друзьями Алекса.
VIII. Тесты
Test I
1. They don’t know you, … you?
a) do b) are c) aren’t
2. Jim is going to London tomorrow because his uncle … to see him.
a) is wanting b) want c) wants
3. She saved money and she wanted to put … in the bank.
a) them b) it c) they
4. Let him eat … .
a) little b) a few c) a little
5. This is my lighter, and where is … ?
a) yours b) your c) you
6.Is there … time left?
a) many b )much c) a lot
7. This boy isn’t a fool, … he?
a) is b) isn’t c) does
8. Who … after your elder parents?
a) look b) does look c) looks
9. You make mistakes as you don’t work … .
a) many b) much c) a lot of
10. Don’t go out! It … hard.
a) rains b) is raining c) rain
11. You are not angry with us, … you?
a) aren’t b) are c) do
12. How … clothes are you going to take with you?
a) much b) few c) many
13. Who … the flowers in that vase?
a) did arrange b) arranged c) arrange
14. It … to rain soon.
a) going b) is going c) is being
15. I … understand your remark.
a) not b) am not c) do not
16. Many sheep …. in the farm.
a) are b) is c) do
17. The … room is on the first floor.
a) teachers b) teachers’ c) teachers’s
18. You can find my … toys in the corner of the room.
a) younger’s sister’s b) younger’s sister c) younger sister’s
19. She has two … .
a) babys b) babies c) babis
20. This is my sister’s doll. This doll is … .
a) hers b) shes c) her
21. Usually we … out summer holidays in the South.
a) spends b) are spending c) spend
22. He … warm boots in cold weather.
a) don’t wear b) isn’t wearing c) doesn’t wear
23. Who … to read poems?
a) likes b) does like c) do like
24. He … for me after the lessons yesterday.
a) waited b) is waiting c) waits
25. She … a new coat on now.
a) is trying b) tries c) tried
26. …. are white.
a) the walls of the room b) the room’s walls c) the walls` rooms
27. …. they there too last week?
a) Be b) Was c) Were
28. How … does it cost to fly to New York?
a) much b) many c) a lot
29. You had no choice, … you?
a) did b) had c) hadn’t
30. You must have as … sugar as possible. It’s bad for you.
a) few b) little c) a few
31. The clothes were wet. I should dry … .
a) they b) them c) their
32. This is …. room.
a) Jane’s and Mary’s b) Jane’s and Mary c) Jane and Mary’s
33. Lucy has a lot of … .
a) girls-friends b) girl-friends c) girls-friends
34. Is it their car? – No, … is yellow.
a) their b) them c) theirs
35. I can’t imagine where to get the money. I need … badly.
a) its b) it’s c) it
36. Did you do any homework? – Yes, but only … .
a) not much b) few c) a little
37. He wasn’t there all this time, … he?
a) wasn’t b) were c) was
38. Unfortunately I haven’t got … photographs?
a) many b) much c) little
39. I am right, … I?
a) am not b) don’t c) aren’t
40. I am very busy now. I … for my English exam.
a) am preparing b) prepare c) prepared
41. You saw your friend yesterday, … you?
a) did b) saw c) didn’t
42. There is … milk in the glass.
a) few b) little c) a few
43. We are going to revise new words … week.
a) next b) on the next c) at the next
44. Which of them … in time for the lessons?
a)is b)are c)am
45. Last summer I … to the seaside.
a) goed b)went c)go
46. He … you now.
a) understands b) is understanding c) understand
47. … room is small.
a) those b) these c) that
48. … is she? – She is a doctor.
a) Who b) Whom c) What
49. There … a lot of time to watch TV yesterday.
a) was b) are c) were
50. Give me … pens, please.
a) this b) these c) that
Test II
1. Whose son … good marks?
a) gets b) get c) getting
2. There is … snow in the street.
a) many b) much c) a much
3. My son … doing very well.
a) is b) are c) am
4. My … room is on the first floor.
a) children’ b) children’s c) childs’
5. When … he usually go home?
a) does b) do c) is
6. He … English very well.
a) know b) knows c) knowing
7. He is going to write a letter … a week.
a) in b) at c) for
8. Who … English every day?
a) speak b) is speaking c) speaks
9. She works very … .
a) a lot of b) much c) many
10. Which of us … at home yesterday?
a) was b) were c) are
11. I … my bag and left the room.
a) taken b) taked c) took
12. There are very … stars in the sky.
a) a few b) few c) little
13. How much … to fly to London?
a) cost it b) does cost c) does it cost
14. That is our classroom. That classroom is … .
a) our b) we c) ours
15. You work in London, … ?
a) don’t you b) isn’t it c) didn’t you
16. … man, over there, in the corner is my father.
a) that b) these c) those
17. It was his birthday. That’s why I wished … many happy returns of the day.
a) he b) him c) his
18. Who … America?
a) did discover b) does discover c) discovered
19. My composition is worse than … .
a) your b) yours c) you
20. I … these books to read tomorrow.
a) take b) took c) am going to take
21. Who … you English books to read?
a) are giving b) gives c) give
22. They became successful … .
a) businessman b) businessmen c) businessmans
23. Man … live by bread alone.
a) don’t b) doesn’t c) isn’t
24. This is my book and where is … ?
a) she b) her c) hers
25. I … to work by car every day.
a) go b) am going c) goes
26. His name is Bob, … is Ann.
a) my b) mine c) I
27. My friend wrote to … very often last year.
a) us b) our c) we
28. He … to a political party now.
a) doesn’t belong b) isn’t belonging c) don’t belong
29. They weren’t there last week, … they?
a) weren’t b) didn’t c) were
30. What time … Harry come home yesterday?
a) does b) did c) do
31. What is … ?
a) the name of this town b) this town’s name c) this town name’s
32. My mother … to Moscow next week.
a) is coming b) come c) comes
33. Read these letters and translate … into English.
a) them b) they c) their
34. … he at the Institute last week?
a) Be b) Is c) Was
35. Can you see … women.
a) that b) those c) this
36. She’s a teacher now. She … maths.
a) teaches b) teaching c) teach
37. These … are good.
a ) citys b) cities c) cityes
38. He … home late yesterday.
a) come b) came c) comes
39. Last year my sisters … in Kiev.
a) was b) are c) were
40. Tomorrow the train … at 8.30.
a) leaves b) is leaving c) is going to leave
41. It’s 5 o’clock. She … tea.
a) has b) having c) is having
42. When … your homework?
a) is you doing b) you do c) do you do
43. They … hamburgers and chips.
a) are liking b) likes c) like
44. They took my coat yesterday, … they?
a) didn’t b) did c) don’t
45. What … they do last week?
a) do b) were c) did
46. My friend and … often go to school together.
a) me b) mine c) I
47. She works too … .
a) much b) many c) a lot
48. Did your sisters write a composition? – No, … .
a) they didn’t b) they did c) she didn’t
49. Who is standing there? – My friends … .
a) do b) are c) stand
50. This is … mother.
a) Bess and Jim’s b) Bess’s and Jim’s c) Bess’s and Jim
Приложение 1
Таблица неправильных глаголов
№ | Infinitive | Past Simple | Participle II | Перевод |
1. | arise | arose | arisen | возникать |
2. | awake | awoke awaked | awoke awaked | будить; просыпаться |
3. | be | was, were | been | быть |
4. | bear | bore | born | рождаться |
5. | bear | bore | borne | носить, выносить |
6. | beat | brat | beaten | бить |
7. | become | became | become | становиться |
8. | begin | began | begun | начинать |
9. | bend | bent | bent | гнуть, сгибать |
10. | bind | bound | bound | связывать |
11. | bite | bit | bitten | кусать |
12. | bleed | bled | bled | истекать кровью |
13. | blow | blew | blown | дуть |
14. | break | broke | broken | ломать |
15. | breed | bred | bred | выводить, разводить |
16. | bring | brought | brought | приносить |
17. | broadcast | broadcast broadcasted | broadcast broadcasted | передавать по радио |
18. | build | built | built | строить |
19. | burn | burnt | burnt | гореть, жечь |
20. | burst | burst | burst | разрываться |
21. | buy | bought | bought | покупать |
22. | cast | cast | cast | бросать, кидать |
23. | catch | caught | caught | ловить, схватывать |
24. | choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
25. | cling | clung | clung | прилипать, цепляться |
26. | come | came | come | приходить |
27. | cost | cost | cost | стоить |
28. | creep | crept | crept | ползать |
29. | cut | cut | cut | резать |
30. | deal | dealt | dealt | торговать; иметь дело |
31. | dig | dug | dug | копать |
32. | do | did | done | делать |
33. | draw | drew | drawn | тащить, рисовать |
34. | dream | dreamt dreamed | dreamt dreamed | видеть сны; мечтать |
35. | drink | drank | drunk | пить |
36. | drive | drove | driven | гнать, везти, ехать |
37. | dwell | dwelt | dwelt | обитать; останавливаться подробно |
38. | eat | ate | eaten | есть |
39. | fall | fell | fallen | падать |
40. | feed | fed | fed | кормить |
41. | feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
42. | fight | fought | fought | бороться, сражаться |
43. | find | found | found | находить |
44. | flee | fled | fled | бежать, спасаться бегством |
45. | fling | flung | flung | кидать, бросать |
46. | fly | flew | flown | летать |
47. | forbid | forbade | forbidden | запрещать |
48. | forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
49. | forgive | forgave | forgiven | прощать |
50. | freeze | froze | frozen | замерзать, замораживать |
51. | get | got | got | получать; становиться |
52. | give | gave | given | давать |
53. | go | went | gone | идти, ехать |
54. | grind | ground | ground | точить; молоть |
55. | grow | grew | grown | расти, выращивать |
56. | hang | hung | hung | висеть, вешать |
57. | have | had | had | иметь |
58. | hear | heard | heard | слышать |
59. | hide | hid | hid hidden | прятать |
60. | hit | hit | hit | ударять; поражать |
61. | hold | held | held | держать |
62. | hurt | hurt | hurt | повредить, ушибить |
63. | keep | kept | kept | держать, хранить |
64. | kneel | knelt | knelt | становиться на колени |
65. | know | knew | known | знать |
66. | lay | laid | laid | класть |
67. | lead | led | led | вести |
68. | lean | leant leaned | leant leaned | прислоняться |
69. | leap | leapt leaped | leapt leaped | прыгать |
70. | learn | learnt learned | learnt learned | учиться |
71. | leave | left | left | оставлять, уезжать |
72. | lend | lent | lent | давать взаймы |
73. | let | let | let | позволять; сдавать в наем |
74. | lie | lay | lain | лежать |
75. | light | lit lighted | lit lighted | зажигать, освещать |
76. | lose | lost | lost | терять |
77. | make | made | made | делать; заставлять |
78. | mean | meant | meant | значить; подразумевать |
79. | meet | met | met | встречать |
80. | pay | paid | paid | платить |
81. | put | put | put | класть |
82. | read | read | read | читать |
83. | ride | rode | ridden | ездить верхом |
84. | ring | rang | rung | звонить; звенеть |
85. | rise | rose | risen | подниматься |
86. | run | ran | run | бежать |
87. | saw | sawed | sawn | пилить |
88. | say | said | said | говорить, сказать |
89. | see | saw | seen | видеть |
90. | seek | sought | sought | искать |
91. | sell | sold | sold | продавать |
92. | send | sent | sent | посылать |
93. | set | set | set | помещать, ставить; заходить (о солнце) |
94. | shake | shook | shaken | трясти |
95. | shave | shaved | shaven | брить |
96. | shed | shed | shed | проливать (слезы, кровь) |
97. | shine | shone | shone | сиять, светить |
98. | shoot | shot | shot | стрелять |
99. | show | showed | shown | показывать |
100. | shrink | shrank | shrunk | сморщиваться; сокращаться |
101. | shut | shut | shut | закрывать |
102. | sing | sang | sung | петь |
103. | sink | sank | sunk | погружаться; тонуть |
104. | sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
105. | sleep | slept | slept | спать |
106. | slide | slid | slid | скользить |
107. | smell | smelt smelled | smelt smelled | пахнуть; нюхать |
108. | sow | sowed | sown | сеять |
109. | speak | spoke | spoken | говорить |
110. | speed | sped | sped | спешить; ускорять |
111. | spell | spelt spelled | spelt spelled | писать или произносить слово по буквам |
112. | spend | spent | spent | тратить |
113. | spill | spilt spilled | spilt spilled | проливать |
114. | spin | span | spun | прясть |
115. | spit | spat | spat | плевать |
116. | split | split | split | раскалывать |
117. | spoil | spoilt spoiled | spoilt spoiled | портить |
118. | spread | spread | spread | распространять |
119. | spring | sprang | sprung | прыгать |
120. | stand | stood | stood | стоять |
121. | steal | stole | stolen | красть |
122. | stick | stuck | stuck | приклеивать |
123. | sting | stung | stung | жалить |
124. | strike | struck | struck | ударять; бастовать |
125. | strive | strove | striven | стремиться |
126. | swear | swore | sworn | клясться, браниться |
127. | sweep | swept | swept | мести |
128. | swell | swelled | swelled | пухнуть, раздуваться |
129. | swim | swam | swum | плавать |
130. | swing | swung | swung | качать; размахивать |
131. | take | took | taken | брать |
132. | teach | taught | taught | обучать, учить |
133. | tear | tore | torn | рвать |
134. | tell | told | told | рассказывать |
135. | think | thought | thought | думать |
136. | throw | threw | thrown | бросать |
137. | tread | trod | trodden | ступать |
138. | understand | understood | understood | понимать |
139. | wake | woke waked | woken waked | будить; просыпаться |
140. | wear | wore | worn | носить |
141. | weep | wept | wept | плакать |
142. | win | won | won | выигрывать |
143. | wind | wound | wound | заводить (часы); виться |
144. | write | wrote | written | писать |
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