Ex. 1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English

1. copyright law	a. печать, пломба
2. breach of copyright	b. лицензионное соглашение
3. law firm’s Real Estate	c. пролонгация договора
4. insurance of the property	d. арендодатель
5. license agreement	e. авторское право
6. freeholder	f. арендатор
7. approval	g. страхование собственности
8. seal	h. агентство недвижимости
9. tenant	i. нарушение авторского права
10. renewal of the lease	j. одобрение

1. работник	a. patent office
2. оплата труда	b. Employment law
3. отпуск по уходу за ребенком	c. copyright protection
4. неполный рабочий день	d. sick pay
5. заявление, форма заявления	e. employment tribunal
6. защита авторских прав	f. parental leave
7. трудовое право	g. wage
8. патентное бюро	h. applicant
9. пособие по болезни	i. employee
10. условия труда	j. part-time employment

Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:

1. Lawyer

a. a wide nonspecific group of people who share some of the same background and culture

b. a professional who practices law

2. Act

a. the petition of people

b. the decree of a state body

3. The bargain

a. business contract between somebody

b. relations of people

Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:

1. when buying, of packaging, pay attention, to the seal, any expensive devices.

2. everybody, a license agreement, demanded, for this service.

3. to this institute, there were, a hundred applicants.

4. artistic, intellectual property, or, such as, literary, dramatic, deals with, musical, copyright law.

5. procedure, employment law department, contracts, employment policy, and, advise on, our.

6. the statutory rights, time off, holidays, include, a national minimum wage, and, and, of employees, statutory sick pay, parental leave.

UNIT 13.

Ex.1. Match the following expressions with their equivalents: A) English with Russian, B) Russian with English

1. intellectual property	a. закон о товарных знака
2. country code	b. мошенничество с кредитной картой
3. money laundering	c. несанкционированный доступ
4. illegal activity	d. санкционированное использование
5. access the Internet	e. экологическое право
6. Trade Marks Act	f. отмывание денег
7. authorized use	g. код страны
8. credit card scam	h. интеллектуальная собственность
9. environmental law	i. противозаконная деятельность
10. unauthorized access	j. доступ в Интернет

1. в рамках закона	a. domestic law
2. нападение	b. legal practitioner
3. бесплатный	c. treaty
4. изнасилование	d. jail
5. соглашение (конвенция)	e. within legal framework
6. измена	f. free of charge
7. закон, действующий внутри страны	g. rape
8. наемный убийца	h. assault
9. правовед-практик	i. treason
10. тюрьма	j. assassin

Ex. 2. Choose the right definition of the following terms:

1. Terrorism

a. violent actions for political reasons

b. politics and rules of vandals

2. Tort

a. a criminal offence

b. a civil wrong

3. Defamation

a. a wrong statement about someone in mass media

b. a wrong statement about someone in oral speech

4. Nuisance

a. an acceptance of social customs or practice

b. break rules of behavior in public

Ex. 3. Make up sentences with the following words:

1. its own country code, every country, has.

2. free of charge, the access the Internet, isn’t.

3. to International Laws, have to, all domestic laws, correlate.

4. illegal activity, your, will be punished.

5. some notes, a partner, her trainee, to draft, has asked, on environmental law.

6. within legal framework, the treaty, of the environmental protection, was signed.

7. specializing, information technology, a legal practitioner, in, at the meeting, was speaking.

PART II

READING PRACTICE

TEXT 1. WHAT IS LAW?

The word law has many meanings, and this word is used variously in different fields. For example, physical science has its law of gravity, and economics has the law of supply and demand. Do these laws have precise definitions? Is the same precision possible in jurisprudence – the scientific study of law? Over the years, legal scholars have offered dozens of definitions of law, but none of them is universally accepted as absolutely definitive. How can this difficulty in defining law be explained?

The English word law refers to limits upon various forms of behaviour. Some laws are descriptive: they simply describe how people, or even natural phenomena, usually behave. An example is rather consistent law of gravity; another is the less consistent law of economics. Other laws are prescriptive – they prescribe how people ought to behave. For example, the speed limits imposed upon drivers are laws that prescribe how fast we should drive. They rarely describe how fast we actually do drive, of course.

In all societies, relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws. Some of them are customs – that is, informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Some are rules we accept if we belong to particular social institutions, such as religious, educational and cultural groups. And some are precise laws made by nations and enforced against all citizens within their power.

What motives do governments have in making and enforcing laws? Social control is undoubtedly one purpose. Public laws establish the authority of the government itself, and civil laws provide a framework for interaction among citizens. Without laws, it is argued, there would be anarchy in society (although anarchists themselves argue that human beings would be able to interact peacefully without laws if there were no governments to interfere in our lives).

Another purpose is the implementation of justice. Justice is a concept that most people feel is very important but few are able to define. Sometimes a just decision is simply a decision that most people feel is fair. But can we create a just society by simply observing public opinion? If we are always fair to majorities, we will often be unfair to minorities. If we do what seems to be fair at the moment, we may create unfairness in the future. Many philosophers have proposed concepts of justice that are much more theoretical than everyday notions of fairness, and sometimes governments are influenced by philosophers. But in general, governments are guided by more practical considerations such as rising crime rates or the lobbing of pressure groups.

Sometimes laws are simply an attempt to implement common sense. It is obvious to most people that dangerous driving should be punished; that fathers should provide financial support for their children if they desert their families; that a person should be compensated for losses when someone else breaks an agreement with him or her. But in order to be enforced, common sense needs to be defined in law, and when definitions are being written, it becomes clear that common sense is not such a simple matter. Instead, it is a complex skill based upon long observation of many different people in different situations. Laws based upon common sense do not necessarily look much like common sense when they have been put into words.

In practice, governments are neither institutions solely interested in retaining power, nor clear-thinking bodies implementing justice and common sense. They combine many purposes and inherit many traditions. The laws that they make and enforce reflect this confusion.

Exercises:

1. Прочитайте текст и выберите основную идею абзаца № 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Соотнесите предложенные варианты с номером абзаца.

1) Social morality, rules and laws 1

2) Common sense and law 2

3) Public and civil laws 3

4) The concept of justice 4

5) Descriptive and prescriptive laws 5