Match English and Russian equivalents

1. to be traditionally transcribed as   2. in spite of the fact that 3. in final position 4. be actually pronounced as 5. attempt a truly phonetic transcription 6. turn to very complex analysis 7. be far beyond the pragmatic purposes 8. form the bases of something 9. so long as we know 10. what we should always bear in mind 11. affect 12. preceding or the following sound 13. anticipation of the next sound   14. lingering effect of the preceding sound   15. the danger of being misled 16. the evidence of one’s eyes 17. a speech event 18. study closely enough 19. undergo a complete reduction 20. merge 21. result in 22. more than that 23. firmly established tradition 24. . accompany every dictionary entry with smith 25. be irrational and misleading 26. be led to think 27. realizations of phonemes 28. certain typical phonetic environments 29. be aware of something 30. be swamped by 31. sequences 32. technical difficulties involved 33. there can be no question of 34. innumerable phonetic details 35. consistent and scientifically well-grounded method 36. overall analyses consistently show 37. the bulk of word stock 38. readily lend itself to something 39. number of exceptions being exceedingly small 40. the most important peculiarity to be noted 41. frequently occurring words 42. present no difficulty

a. обратиться к очень сложному анализу b. в действительности произноситься как c. что мы всегда должны помнить, так это d. насколько мы знаем e. быть далеко за пределами прагматических целей f. формировать основу чего-либо g. влиять h. предчувствие (ожидание) последующего звука i. продолжающееся влияние предшествующего звука j. опасность быть введенным в заблуждение k. видимое свидетельство l. речевой отрывок m. претерпевать полную редукцию (ослабление) n. изучать довольно пристально o. возникать p. более того q. глубоко укоренившаяся традиция r. снабжать (сопровождать) каждую словарную статью чем-либо s. быть нерациональным и вводящим в заблуждение t. привести к мысли u. осознавать что-либо v. быть поглощенным w. реализация фонемы x. некоторое типичное фонетическое окружение y. последовательности z. многочисленные фонетические детали aa. не может быть и речи о bb. легко поддаваться чему-либо cc. общий анализ последовательно показывает dd. часто встречающиеся слова ee. не представлять никакой сложности ff. самая важная особенность, которую слeдует отметить gg. большая часть словарного запаса hh. последовательный и научно хорошо обоснованный метод ii. приводить к чему-либо jj. реализация фонем kk. несмотря на тот факт, что ll. выходить далеко за пределы прагматических целей mm. при этом число исключений чрезвычайно мало nn. связанные с этим технические трудности oo. предыдущий или последующий звук pp. традиционно транскрибироваться следующим образом

2. Match the words with their definitions:

anticipation	evidence	sequence	bulk	peculiarity
complete	preceding	swamp	undergo	merge

1. a) be drenched or submerged

b) be overburdened or overwhelmed, as by excess work or great numbers

2. ground for belief or disbelief; data on which to base proof or to establish truth or falsehood

3. going or being before (someone or something) in time, place, rank, etc

the main part

4. the state or quality of being peculiar; a strange or unusual habit or characteristic

5. to experience, endure, or sustain

6. having every necessary part or element

7. a) to meet and join or cause to meet and join

b) to blend or cause to blend;

8. the main part

9. expectation, premonition, or foresight

10. an arrangement of two or more things in a successive order

3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the table:

1. The fact is that the ………of the work is repetitious.

2. In some phonetic environments the final plosive can be ……by resonant.

3. It might be difficult to believe the …………of your eyes when being confronted with the transcription of some speech events.

4. There was a …………understanding of the main problems of the research.

5. The ……….part was devoted to the practical application of the present material.

6. Describing the characters of the book we had to concentrate on social and historical ………….of that period.

7. It should be borne in mind that in natural human speech there is always …………of the following sound as well as the lingering affect of the ………one.

8. The sounds of the word in the actual speech ……….considerable changes in the flow of speech.

9. Merging of the sounds in the actual flow of speech can present a real problem for the Russian learner of English.

4. Words often confused:

Cf. Affectand Effectas verbs:

Affect

f
to act upon or have an influence , esp. in an adverse way

As words follow one another, they affect one another phonetically…

Effect –fml.bring about, accomplish, cause, produce

We have tried our best to effect the reconciliation between two parties.

Also remember: Affect is the usual verb and effect is the usual noun

Government policy will not affect (v) us/will not have any effect (n) on us.

Choose the right word:

1. He was able to effect / affect certain changes in government policy.

2. The climate affected / effected his health.

3. Some plants are quickly affected / effected by cold.

4. Will the changes in taxation affect / effect you personally?

5. The rise in the price of bread will effect / affect us all.

6. This hay fever is having a serious affect/ effect on my work.

7. This hay fever is affecting/ effecting my work.

8. The new law comes into effect/ affect next week.

9. He affected/ effected numerous changes while running this company.

10. That decision affected/ effected the life of the whole family.

11. His affect/ effect on the life of the family was profound.

12. The conference participants discussed the harmful affect/ effectof carbon dioxide.

13. Does television affect/ effect children’s behavior?

14. The nature of youthful experience is greatly affected/ effected by cultural and economic norms.

15. The invention of the computer considerably affected/ effected our life.

5. Translate into Russian:

1. More than that

More than that. A broad phonetic transcription accompanying a dictionary entry can be misleading rather than helpful.

The danger of being misled

There is often the danger of being misled not only by the orthography of the word but also by the Broad Phonetic Transcription.

There can be no question

There can be no questionof acquiring the proficiency in any field of study without persistent and painstaking effort.

Find no expression

When the words meet in the real flow of speech they often undergo modifications which find no expression in the Broad Phonetic Transcription.