Искусства и гуманитарные науки»

Контрольная №3

Направление подготовки

Квалификация (степень) выпускника

Бакалавр

Для студентов заочной формы обучения

(ФГОС-2010)

Екатеринбург

Задания и методические указания для выполнения контрольных работ по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)»: Контрольная №3. – Екатеринбург: Екатеринбургская академия современного искусства, 2012. – 39 с.

Настоящие задания и методические указания составлены в полном соответствии с требованиями ФГОС ВПО по направлению 035300 «Искусства и гуманитарные науки».

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современного искусства, 2012

Введение

Целью выполнения контрольной работы № 3 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)» является проверка знаний и умений по грамматическим темам, предусмотренным рабочей программой и перечисленным в данных методических указаниях.

В ходе выполнения контрольной работы ставятся следующиезадачи:

· контроль усвоения лексико-грамматического материала;

· контроль владения грамматическими явлениями;

· формирование навыков изучающего чтения, письменного перевода текстов среднего уровня сложности, работы со словарем;

· расширение потенциального словаря;

· знакомство с реалиями британской жизни;

· формирование навыков устной речи.

В результате освоения дисциплины формируются следующие компетенции:

общекультурные компетенции (ОК):

ОК-1 – готовность к критическому осмыслению явлений социальной и культурной жизни, способность к обобщению, анализу, восприятию информации, постановке цели и выбору путей ее достижения;

ОК-2 – готовность уважительно и бережно относиться к историческому наследию и культурным традициям, толерантно воспринимать социальные и культурные различия;

ОК-3 – способность логически верно, аргументированно и ясно строить устную и письменную речь;

ОК-10 – способность овладевать основными методами, способами и средствами получения, хранения, переработки информации, развивать навыки работы с компьютером как средством управления информацией;

профессиональные компетенции (ПК):

ПК-3 – способность ориентироваться среди различных типов словесной культуры;

ПК-7 – способность использовать знание иностранного языка на определенном уровне для решения конкретных профессиональных задач;

ПК-18 – способность свободно использовать нормы и средства выразительности устной и письменной речи в процессе личной и профессиональной коммуникации.

Методические указания

Образец выполнения упражнения № 1.

1. If the weather (to be) good we will go out for a walk.

If the weather is good we will go out for a walk.

Если погода будет хорошая, мы пойдем гулять.

Образец выполнения упражнения №3.

1. The theory of gravitation (to give) by Newton.

The theory of gravitation was given by Newton.

Образец выполнения упражнения №6.

1. He has just come. Он только что пришел.

Has come – Present Perfect Simple

Образец выполнения упражнения №7.

1. You ever (to be) to London?

Have you ever been to London?

Образец выполнения упражнения № 8.

1. Onemust be very careful when crossing the street.

Надо быть очень внимательным при переходе улицы.

One – формальное подлежащее в неопределенно-личном предложении.

ЗАДАНИЯ К КОНТРОЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ №3

Вариант 1

I.Перепишите предложения, поставьте глагол, заключенный в скобки,

В нужную грамматическую форму.

IV. Переведите предложения.

1. What is done cannot be undone.

2. A tree is known by its fruit.

3. Lost time is never found again.

4. Rome was not built in a day.

5. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.

6. Never fry a fish till it is caught.

7. A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.

8. A man is known by the company he keeps.

9. The devil is not as black as he painted.

10. Hell is paved with good intentions.

V. Переведите предложения, употребляя глаголы

VI. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

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Greenwich and Windsor

Greenwich is a very beautiful parkland and picturesque spot in the outskirts of London, on the bank of the river Themes. The Thames, a major waterway of England, flows from Cotswolds to the North Sea and is about 210 miles long. It flows via Oxford, Reading and London.

Greenwich is famous for Greenwich Mean Time, the Royal Observatory and the National Maritime Museum.

The National Maritime Museum tells the story of Britain and the sea. The star attraction of the Museum is the Neptune Hall, which explains the development of boats from prehistoric times to the present day. In the Nelson’s galleries you can see the uniform jacket with a bullet hole in the left shoulder, which Nelson was wearing when he was fatally wounded at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.

The old Observatory is part of the Maritime Museum and consists of a few historic buildings, high on the Hill above the Thames. Early telescopes and time-measuring instruments are displayed in Flamsteed House where John Flamsteed, the first Astronomer Royal, lived. The large Gate Clock measures Greenwich Mean Time, the standard by which time is set all round the world. And you can stand astride the Greenwich Meridian, marked by a brass strip crossing the Observatory courtyard.

Tourists enjoy visiting Greenwich. They can get there by train or by boat and it’s not far from the centre of London. There is a special tunnel beneath the Thames to Greenwich. It is called the Greenwich Foot Tunnel. There are two elevators on both banks of the river.

Londoners and tourists enjoy expeditions by steamer down the Thames from Westminster to Greenwich. They pass under the bridges, and see the grim walls of the Tower of London. It was a fortress and a prison for hundreds of years. When a ship moves under Tower Bridge, a bell rings

Windsor lies 34 km west of London and is famous, first and foremost for Windsor Castle, the residence of the royal family. Many parts of this historic castle are open to the public while some other parts are always closed and some are closed when the royal family is in residence.

The site of Windsor Castle was first defended by William the Conqueror in 1070, and for the next 900 years the building was continually enlarged, growing from a medieval castle to a vast and complex royal palace.

The most impressive of all the castle buildings is St. George’s Chapel, a masterpiece of perpendicular Gothic architecture. The State Apartments, which are closed to the public, comprise 16 rooms, and each is a treasure house of superb furniture, porcelain, and armour. The rooms are decorated with carvings by Grinling, Gibbons, ceilings by Verrio and works from the royal collections. They include Van Dyck’s paintings.

Part of Windsor Central Railway Station has now been converted to a waxworks museum run by Madame Tussaud’s, recreating the scene in 1879 when a special train arrived here to celebrate Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee. Queen Victoria, the longest running monarch in Britain, who lived in 1837–1901. It symbolizes the unity of the nation, the British Empire and the progress of the nation in the 19^th century.

Техt № 2

Styles of Management

In the past two centuries managers of industry have taken, in general, two broadly different positions regarding management's social responsibilities. They are: «the 1aissez-faire» and the «paternal». The laissez-faire style of management is characterized by a devotion to the rigorous of the free market. Such managers feel no obligation to their employees outside the workplace, since the primary aim of a firm has been the maximization of profit. The paternal style of management, however, assumes that the firm has obligations to its workers outside the workplace and to the larger community.

The laissez-faire style of management represents a sort of combination of laissez-faire economic theory and the Protestant ethic. In this view the owner or manager has no responsibility for the welfare of the workers outside the immediate working situation and a person's situation in life is a reflection of his intrinsic merit in the eyes of God. The wages and other labour costs incurred by the firm are the result of competitive market conditions. In this view, then, the manager's responsibility to his employees begins and ends with operating the firm in such an efficient manner that it is able to meet competition in the market place.

If all business managers similarly followed a policy of intelligent self-interest, the broad social interests of society would be better served than by any other policy. Paternalism begins with the assumption that management has a social responsibility to the communities in which its plants has been located. It means social responsibility management should take. In the early part of the 19th century the industrialist and social reformer Robert Owen was the first manufacturer to back up words about management's social responsibilities with a program of action.

Owen was concerned with the social and economic conditions of workers and believed that the economic success of an enterprise did not have to depend upon exploitation of labour. In the mill town of New Lanark, Scot., Owen built workers' housing, schools, and a store that had been far superior to contemporary standards for workers' communities. The philosophy Robert Owen developed had been influential in the development of the cooperative movement in England.

When Henry Ford started the industrial world with his announcement of the $5-a-day wage in 1914, he followed it with steps designed to help workers make good use of their increasing affluence. The company already had a small legal department set up to help workers with the complicated problem of home buying, and then Ford established what he called a sociology department. It was staffed with social workers who made home visits to workers' families to provide advice and help on family problems.

The rise of unions in the mass production industries of the United States in the 1930s helped to persuade executives that a paternalistic approach to labour and community relations was no longer feasible one. Extensions of management's social responsibilities were now achieved through collective bargaining. Still, these broader benefits, such as pensions and health insurance, were limited to the workers and their immediate families. There was a tendency to assume that any responsibility for the welfare of the community as a whole should be assumed by government.

Техt № 3

Вариант 2

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Personnel Management

Personnel administration represents a major subsystem in the general management system in which it refers to the management of human resources. It is used to identify the entire scope of management policies and programs in the recruitment, allocation, leadership, and direction of manpower. Personnel administration begins with the definition of the required quantities of particular personal capabilities. Thereafter, people are to be found, selected, trained or retrained, negotiated with, counseled, led, directed, committed, rewarded, transferred, promoted, and finally released or retired.

In many of these relations, managers deal with their associates as individuals – the field takes its name in part from this type of relationship. In some working organizations, however, employees have been represented by unions, and managers bargain with these associations. Such collective-bargaining relationships are generally described as labour relations. Functions of management we should consider here could be defined in the following way.

Major areas of personnel department responsibilities include organizing-devising and revising organizational structures of authority and functional responsibility. They are aimed to facilitate two-way, reciprocal, vertical and horizontal communication. The next one is staffing, or manning-analyzing jobs that develop job descriptions and specifications. That is – appraising and maintaining an inventory of available capabilities, recruiting and selecting, placing, transferring, demoting, promoting and thus assuring qualified manpower when and where it is needed.

Planning and forecasting personnel requirements in terms of numbers and special qualifications as well as scheduling inputs, has been marked as very important for anticipating the need for appropriate managerial policies and programs. One should bear in mind that training the development-assisting team members, from pre-employment. preparatory job training to executive development programs will be able to secure their continuing personal growth. It is necessary for a personnel manager to make collective bargaining-negotiating agreements and in follow these ones through in day-to-day administration;

Rewarding a personnel manager have to ensure provides financial and non-financial incentives for individual commitment and contribution. And of course, general administration – developing appropriate styles and patterns of leadership throughout the organization is one of the main areas of personnel management. It should be also mentioned here the importance of auditing, reviewing, and researching, that is, evaluating current performance and procedures in order to facilitate control and improve future practice.

To designate equally a body of knowledge, a process and a profession – the term «ergonomics» or «human-factors engineering» has been used. Human engineering they have called it on the North American continent or ergonomics as it has been called in Japan, in Europe are originated from the Greek words: «ergo» – «work» and «nomos» – law. It is a collection of data and principles about human characteristics, capabilities and limitations in relation to machines, jobs and environments, to take into account the safety, comfort, and productiveness of human users and operators. The data and principles of human-factors engineering are concerned with human performance, behaviour and training in man-machine systems and the design anddevelopment of man-machine systems.

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Вариант 3

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London and the City

London was not built as a city in the same way as Paris or New York. It began life as a Roman fortification at a place where it was possible to cross the River Themes. A wall was built around the town for defence, but during the long period of peace which followed the Norman Conquest, people built outside the walls. This building continued over the years. In 1665 there was a terrible plague in London which killed too many people. In 1666 the Great Fire of London ended the plague, but it also destroyed much of the city. Although many people who had fled London during the plague returned to live in the rebuilt city after the plague and the Great Fire; there were never again so many Londoners living in the city centre.

These days London has spread further outwards into the country, including surrounding villages. Today the metropolis of Greater London covers about 610 squire miles (1580 sq. km.), and the suburbs of London continue even beyond this area. Some people even commute 100 miles (over 150 km.) every day to work in London.

The gradual growth of the city helps to explain the fact that London does not have just one centre; it has a number of centres, each with a distinct character: the Government centre in Westminster, the shopping and entertainment centre in West End, the financial and business centre called the City.

The City is rather a small area east of the centre which includes the site of the original Roman town. It is an area with a long and exciting history, and it is proud of its independence and traditional role as a centre of trade and commerce. The City of London is one of the major banking centres of the world and you can find the banks of many nations in the famous Threadneedle Street and the surrounding area. Here, too, the Bank of England, the central bank of the nation, is located. nearby the Stock Exchange, where shares of commercial companies are bought and sold. A little further is Lloyd’s, the most famous insurance company in the world.

During weekends in the City one can see the City gents with their bowler hats, pin-striped suits and rolled umbrellas. This is the «uniform» only of those men involved in banking and business in the City.

During the day the City has a population of half a million; during the night its population isn’t much more than five thousand. So you see that each night the heart of London becomes a desert where Pounds Sterling outnumbers human beings by one thousand to one. Each morning this desert is invaded by a vast army of clerks, civil servants, businessmen, and so on, from the surrounding suburbs which encircle the centre in a broad ring.

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The Internet

The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet switching. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them.

Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet. There are millions worldwide, and their number is growing by thousands each month.

The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail massages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: USENET News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.

In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of these fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider, and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, architecture companies and garment centers transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled – but inexpensive – Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.

However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. «in the clear». But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.

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Horrors!

Everyone thinks about the supernatural – things that cannot be explained. Things that are frightening. People have always been fascinated by the supernatural. The men and women of ancient Greek literature believed in and feared the power of the supernatural. Many of the ancient Greek plays are full of fear and horror. Today, in parts of the world like Haiti in the West Indies, people believe strongly in the power of magic or woodoo. You and I are afraid of things that can’t be explained. But we are fascinated by the fear. We are afraid, but we are curious. Stories of mysterious and horrible events frighten us and attract us.

Shakespeare’s plays included ghosts and spirits. The Jacobean tragedies, written in the early 17^th century, were often blood-curdling. But for English readers, horror stories really became fashionable in the middle of the 18^th century. In 1764 Horace Walpole wrote «The Castle Otranto». His book was the first «Gothic novel». The Gothic novels started a fashion that continued for more than two hundred years. The stories were full of violence. They were usually of medieval times and often took place in gloomy castles. The plots are very complicated and the characters don’t seem very real. In fact, so many horrible things happen in these stories that they often make us laugh.

The best of these horror novels didn’t appear until 1818. This is «Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus» written by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, wife of the famous English poet Shelly. Why did she write it?

She was staying in Switzerland with her husband and Lord Byron. The weather was very bad - it kept raining, so they couldn’t leave the house. In order to amuse themselves, Byron suggested that they should each write a ghost story. This is how Mary’s famous story began. The Shelleys and Byron discussed the work of Darwin. One night Mary had a dream after these conversations. She dreamt of a student, Frankenstein, who had made a monster which came to life.

Frankenstein made his monster out of parts of human corpses. When he had made his monster, he became excited and frightened by what he had done. The monster was a gentle creature and rather clever. He taught himself to read Milton’s «Paradise Lost», Plutarch’s «Lives» and Goethe’s «The Sorrows of Werther». He wanted humans to love and understand him. Because no one could understand him and no woman could love him he became violent and destroyed Frankenstein.

It is an unforgettable story. Hundreds of other stories and films have been based on it.

Horror films have also been popular since the silent film «Cabinet of Dr Caligary». There have been many horror films which have no real plot – only a lot of blood and screams. There have been also some very serious films about the supernatural. But now there is a new kind of horror films, funny horror. They are like the old films but the actors do too many «horrific» things. So the old situations look extremely funny, not frightening.

Writers and film-makers will continue to use horror – in a serious way or in a funny way. And the public will continue to buy the horror stories and queue up for the horror movies. The fascination continues. Horror is here to stay!

Вариант 4

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Mass Media in Great Britain

The British are a nation of newspaper readers. There are few homes to which at least one paper is not delivered every morning. Many households have two, or even three newspapers every day. The people have a daily paper delivered to their home just in time for breakfast.

As in other countries, newspapers in Great Britain differ greatly in their ways of presenting the news. British newspapers can be divided into two groups: quality and popular. Quality newspapers are more serious and cover home and foreign news thoughtfully while the popular newspapers like shocking, personal stories as well as some news. These two groups of newspapers can be distinguished easily because the quality papers are twice the size of the popular newspapers. The readers of serious papers want to know about important happenings everywhere. Those who read popular newspapers prefer entertainment to information. There are newspapers whose pages are largely filled with news of sport and with stories of film stars, or accounts of crime and of law court trials. The News of the World, the biggest Sunday paper in Britain, specializes in news of scandals, crimes, incidents, gossip.

Quality newspapers: The Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, Financial Times, The Independent.

Quality Sunday newspapers; The Sunday Times, The Observer, The Sunday Telegraph.

Popular daily newspapers: The News of the World, The People, The Mail on Sunday, The Sunday Mirror, The Sunday Express.

The London newspaper that is best known outside Britain is probably The Times.

It began in 1785. The correspondence columns of the newspaper are interesting and often amusing. Most of the articles are on serious subjects, but from time to time there will be a long correspondence on a subject that is not at all serious, perhaps on a new fashion of dress, or the bad manners of the younger generation compared with the manners of thirty years ago. The Times, of course, does not publish the strip cartoons that are so common in the cheaper and popular papers. It does, however, publish a cross-word puzzle every day, with clues that are both clever and amusing.

British newspapers are always associated with Fleet Street, located in Westminster City of London. Fleet Street was the home of the nation’s newspapers till the recent past. But not long ago practically all the newspapers moved their headquarters to Docklands, a newly developed business centre in the eastern part of London. Only two newspapers The Daily Express and The Daily Telegraph are still in Fleet Street. However, people still say, «Fleet Street to mean the press».

Watching television is one of the great British pastime! Broadcasting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). The BBC receives its income from the Government, but the private companies controlled by the IBA earn money from the advertising. The BBC has two TV channels. The IBA is responsible for looking after the regional independent TV who broadcast their own programmes and those they have bought from other regions.

National radio is controlled by the BBC, the listeners can choose between four stations. There are many local stations, some private and some run by the BBC. Their programmes consist mainly of music and local news.

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The New Music

The new music was built out of materials already in existence: blues, rock’n’roll, folk music. But although the forms remained, something wholly new and original was made out of these older elements – more original, perhaps even the new musicians themselves yet realize. The transformation took place in 1966–1967. Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black medium. Rock’n’roll, a blues derivative, was rhythmic, raunchy, teenage dance music. Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. Blues expressed black soul; rock, as made famous by Elvis Presley, was the beat of youthful sensuality; and folk music, with such singers as Joan Baez, expressed anti-war sentiments as well as the universal themes of love and disillusionment.

In 1966–1967 there was a spontaneous transformation. In the United States it originated with youthful rock groups playing in San Francisco. In England it was led by the Beatles, who were already established as an extremely fine and highly individual rock group. First, the separate musical traditions were brought together. Bob Dylan and the Gefferson Airplane played folk rock, folk ideas with a rock beat. White rock groups began experimenting with the blues. Of course, white musicians had always played the blues, but essentially as imitators of the Negro style; now it began to be the white band’s own music. And all of the groups moved towards a border eclectism and synthesis. They freely took over elements from Indian ragas, from jazz, from American country music, and as the time went on from even more diverse sources (one group seems recently to have been trying out Gregorian Chants). What developed was a protean music, capable of an almost limitless range of expression.

The second thing that happened was that all the musical groups began using the full range of electric instruments and the technology of electronic amplifiers. The new electronic effects were altogether different – so different that a new listener in 1967 might well feel that there had never been any sounds like that in the world before. The high, piercing, unearthly sounds of the guitar seemed to come from other realms. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce. And in studio recordings, multiple tracking, feedback and other devices made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live. Electronic amplification also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a «total» effect, so that instead of an audience of passive listeners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bone.

Third, the music becomes a multi-media experience; a part of total environment. In the Bay Area Ballrooms, the Tillmore, the Avalon, or Pauley Ballroom at the University of California, the walls were covered with fantastic changing patterns of light, the beginning of the new art of the light show. And the audience did not sit, it danced. With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best as they could. Often music was played out of doors, where nature – the sea or the tall redwood – provided the environment.

Вариант 5

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Pantomime

Many foreigners think that pantomime is the same as mime, but in Britain they are two different things. Everyone knows that “mime” means acting without speaking, but «pantomime» has changed in its form over the centuries, and Britain pantomime is now a very noisy show full of shouting and singing from the audience as well as the actors.

We do not have pantomime all through the year. It is a winter show which begins in late November or early December and continues for a couple of months after Christmas. All schoolchildren have their winter holiday in sometime in this period, and if they are lucky, their parents will take them to see the local pantomime. In London there are several to choose from.

The story of a pantomime is well-known. There are about half a dozen traditional stories like «Sleeping Beauty», «Cinderella», and «Peter Pan», and «Snow White», and most children all over the world know them by heart. The famous American animator and film-maker, Walt Disney, was quick to recognize their popularity and made several of them into full-length cartoon films.

The strangest thing about pantomime is that the handsome young man or «principal boy» is always played by a woman and the old lady or «pantomime dame» is always played by a man! This creates a funny situation with two women singing love songs to each other – because the handsome prince is always a woman. But this is a very old tradition and the audience expects it to be like this. To make it stranger still, the girl in boy’s costume always looks and sounds completely like a girl – and similarly, everyone can easily see that the old woman is really a man.

One well-known actor was recently preparing for his part as the «dame» in London production and he sent his special costume in advance by train. Unfortunately, it got lost and never arrived at its destination; it included an enormous false bosom which would be no use to anyone except a clown and certainly very difficult to replace.

The origins of pantomime are very old, going right back to the Italian folk comedy of the 16^th century called commedia dell’arte. This form of theatre with its visual humour, practical jokes and great freedom for the actors to improvise within the script affected the theatre of several countries and some of its original characters, like Harlequin and Pantalone became international. However, until the late 17^th century in England, it was thought to be immoral for a woman to act in the theatre. So when Shakespeare was alive all the women’s parts were played by men and for this reason the story of a play often included some reason for having the young heroines dressing as men to disguise themselves. This explains the strange custom of having men as women and women as men in pantomime, although there is certainly no reason for it now and few people know why it began.

Nowadays it is usual to find a pop-singer taking a leading part in a pantomime. This attracts the crowds and brings in money. The public like to see a famous face and don’t seem to mind that some of the pop-stars aren’t really professional actors. But modern audience do not want pantomime to change too much. Everyone enjoys shouting answers and singing songs with the actors or laughing at the “pantomime horse” which finds a place in every show.

УСТНЫЕ ТЕМЫ

Тема № 1.Ekaterinburg

Ekaterinburg, the capital of the Ural Region, is situated on the Isset River. It was founded in 1723 by Tatischev. In 1924 it was given the name of Sverdlovsk. In 1991 the former name was returned.

Nowadays Ekaterinburg is a large industrial, scientific and cultural centre of the Urals. Its population is more than two million people.

From the very beginning the town grew and developed as a centre of industry. At present Ekaterinburg is one of the largest industrial centres of our country. There are many plants and factories in the city.

Ekaterinburg is a large cultural centre. There are a lot of theatres, museums, historical places in our city. We have the Opera House, the Drama Theatre, the Musical Comedy Theatre, the Children’s Theatre, the Puppet Show and others. The picture Gallery is famous all over the world.

Ekaterinburg is also a centre of learning in the Urals. One can find many Universities, Academies and Institutes here. There many different of educational establishments and research centres in Ekaterinburg.. The Ural State University was the first University in the city.

In the centre of the city there are many banks and offices.

Ekaterinburg is divided into several districts. They are connected with each other by the city public transport. There are such means of transport as trams, trolleybuses, buses, taxis. The underground is being constructed in the city now. The city traffic is heavy during the day.

The streets of Ekaterinburg are wide and straight.

There are many places of interest in our city. The tourists like to visit 1905 square, the Historical Square, the Eternal Flame and others. All of them are the places of our history.

Тема № 2.The United States of America

The United States of America is a general name of the country composed of 50 states. They are joined in a federal republic and its citizens are known as «Americans».

In the north the US borders on Canada, in the west – Mexico. The country stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. There are high mountains in the country: the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Rocky Mountains which extend from Mexico to Canada.

The greatest rivers of the country are the Mississippi River, the Missouri River and the Colorado River. In the central part there is the territory of the Great Lakes.

The climate is moderate but various: from the tropics to the Arctic Region. Owing to the western winds the cyclonic storms are often. But there is another class of storms in the country. It is the West Indian hurricane. Many of such hurricanes are very disastrous.

The population of the US is about 250 million people. About two-thirds of the Americans live in towns and cities.

The language is called American English.

In 1620 the English traveled from England to North America with the ship «Mayflower». The first colonists spoke Elizabeth English, the language of Shakespeare. Later American English developed. There are some differences between the two languages in grammar, spelling, vocabulary and phonetics.

The largest cities are Washington, the capital of the country, New York, an unofficial capital, Boston, Chicago, Detroit and others.

The capital of the US is Washington, D. C. (District Columbia). It does not belong to any separate state, but to all the states. Washington is not the largest city of America. Its population is about 900 000 people. It lies on the Potomac River.

Washington is a one-industry town. That industry is government. It has many historical places. The largest and tallest building is the Capitol. The White House is the President’s residence. The Lincoln Memorial is devoted to the memory of the 16^th President of the United States.

Washington is a large scientific and educational centre. There are research institutes, universities, the National Academy and the Library of Congress.

Тема № 3. The British Painters. William Hogarth

William Hogarth, one of the most prominent English painters, was born in 1697 in London in the family of a schoolmaster. At an early age his talent for drawing made his father send him to an engraver. Later he began attending drawing classes at the art academy of Sir James Thornhill. In 1724 he produced a series of engravings entitled «The Talk of the Town». It satirized the society and the current tendency of fashionable London to appreciate and invite only foreign singers.

Hogarth’s engravings played a unique role in the history of art in England, for they not only brought him fame but they taught the ordinary people to love art. He was an innovator. Narrative pictures were nothing new, but Hogarth was the first artist to invent a story and illustrate it. He had a habit of recording facial expressions on his nails and then put them into his pictorial dramas full of humorous incidents. His pictures were comic; his portraits were honest and original. His masterpiece was portrait of Captain Coram. In 1735 he produced «The Rake’s Progress» (Карьера мота). The humour and moral force of these pictures were praised by Henry Fielding. Later came his «Marriage a la Mode» (модный брак), a telling piece of reportage on domestic life.

His self-portrait of 1745 is also a brilliant piece of portraiture (exhibition in the Tate Gallery, London). He is accompanied by his dog, his palette, and the works of Shakespeare, Milton and Swift.

Библиографический список

Основная литература

1. Агабекян И. П. Английский для менеджеров.– Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2007.

2. Голицынский Ю. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – КАРО, 2007.

3. Восковская А. С., Карпова Т. А. Английский язык. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2005.

Дополнительная литература

1. Казарова Е. И. Writing Practice: Пособие по развитию навыков письменной речи. Для студентов гуманитарных специальностей. – М.: Флинта; Наука. 2001.

2. Голицынский Ю. Spoken English. – КАРО, 1999.

3. Мэрфи Р. Основной курс грамматики: Практическая книга для самостоятельного изучения. – Cambridge University Press, 1985.

4. Кабакчи В. В. Англо-русский словарь культурной терминологии. – М.: Союз, 2006.

5. Токмина Е. А. Англо-русский словарь искусств. – М.: Флинта; Наука, 2005.

6. Волкова В. Н. Англо-русский, русско-английский словарь. – М.: АСТ, 2006.

7. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.

8. Словари Collins (электронные).

Контрольная №3

Направление подготовки

Искусства и гуманитарные науки»

Квалификация (степень) выпускника

Бакалавр