X. Выберите из колонки справа по смыслу слова, пропущенные в предложениях.
1) This table … the relation between bus fares and a) shift
petrol prices.
2) Cars and buses can be … for the tube. b) consumers
3) If people buy chocolate to eat at the
cinema, films would be a … for bars of chocolate. c) inferior
4) If you look at this figure you will see that the d) depicts
increase in ice-cream prices leads to the … in the e) afford
demand curve.
5) In the following unit you will … more examples f) substitutes
of complements.
6) When their income rise, … buy more of everything. g) tastes
7) An example of an … good can be nasty cuts of meat. h) available
8)… depend on convenience, custom, and social i) complement
attitudes.
9) People would prefer not to buy inferior goods if j) encounter
they could … to spend a little more.
10) Technological advances enables the new k) precise
product to be … at a much lower price. l) exception
Английский язык
Контрольная работа №2
Вариант 3
Рекомендуемая литература
| 1. | Bridge to English. Intense Publishing Ltd. 2008 |
| 2. | V. E. J. Dooley. New Round – Up. Pearson Education Ltd. 2010 |
| 3. | Практикум по английской грамматике. Г. Ходсон – Херст. Москва. Айрис Прессю2005 |
| 4. | R. Murphy. English grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press, 2010 |
| 5. | М.А. Гацкевич. Грамматика. Сборник упражнений.. Каро. Санкт-Петербург, 2013 |
| 6. | 400 тем по английскому языку для школьников, абитуриентов, студентов и преподавателей. Сост. Ю.В. Куриленко, М., Бао-ПРЕСС, 2005 |
Требования к зачёту
| 1. | Выполнить контрольную работу вашего варианта в тетради. |
| 2. | Подготовить устные темы. |
Содержание зачёта
| 1. | Реферирование текста (1000 печатных знаков, 20 минут, без словаря) |
| 2. | Собеседование по темам. |
Выбор варианта контрольной работы:
Студенты, шифр зачётной книжки которых заканчивается
на 0, 1, 2, 3, выполняют вариант 1,
на 4, 5, 6, выполняют вариант 2,
на 7, 8, 9, выполняют вариант 3.
Грамматический материал:
| 1. | Артикли. |
| 2. | Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. |
| 3. | Словообразование. |
| 4. | ВременаГлаголов: - Present Simple; - Past Simple; - Present Perfect; - Present Continuous; - Past Continuous. |
| 5. | Порядок слов в предложении. |
| 6. | Виды вопросов. |
Контрольная работа №2
Вариант 3
I. Прочитайте текст.
THE DETERMINANTS OF PRICE ELASTICITY
What determines whether the price elasticity of demand for a good is high (say, -5) or low (say, -0,5)? Ultimately the answer must be sought in consumer tastes. If it is considered socially essential1 to own a television, higher television prices may have little effect on quantity demanded. If televisions are considered a frivolous2 luxury, the demand elasticity will be much higher. Psychologists and sociologists may be able to explain more fully than economists why tastes are as they are. Nevertheless, as economists, we can identify some considerations likely to affect consumer responses to changes in the price of a good. The most important consideration is the ease3 with which consumers can substitute another good that fulfils approximately4 the same function.
Consider two extreme cases. Suppose first that the price of all cigarettes is raised 1 per cent, perhaps because the cigarette tax has been raised. Do you expect the quantity of cigarettes demanded to fall by 5 per cent or by 0,5 per cent? Probably the latter. People who can easily quit smoking have already done so. A few smokers may try to cut down5 but this effect is unlikely6 to be large. In contrast, suppose the price of one particular brand of cigarettes is increased by 1 per cent, all other brand prices remaining7 unchanged. We should now expect a much larger quantity response from buyers. With so many other brands available at unchanged prices, consumers will switch away from more expensive brand to other brands that basically fulfill the same function of nicotine provision. For a particular cigarette brand the demand elasticity could be quite high.
Each of substitution implies a high demand elasticity for a particular good. In fact, our example suggests a general rule. The more narrowly8 we define a commodity (a particular brand of cigarettes rather than cigarettes in general, or oil rather than energy as a whole), the larger will be the price elasticity of demand.
Пояснения к тексту
1. essential –важный. существенный
2. frivolous – легкомысленный, пустячный
3. ease – легкость, покой
4. approximately - приблизительно
5. to cut down- сокращать
6. unlikely – маловероятный. невероятный
7. to remain -оставаться
8. narrowly –чуть не, узко