Prepositions and conjunctions of time

Ex. 11 Study the following table. Translate the sentences into Russian. Compare the use of prepositions in English and in Russian.

PREPOSITIONS	EXAMPLES
At At eight o'clock At midnight At night At Christmas At the end At the beginning At the moment At the weekend	He usually gets up at 8 o'clock. It's dangerous to go out at midnight. It's dark at night. Are you going anywhere at Christmas? We'll talk about it at the end of the month. At the beginning I didn't know about it. They are not here at the moment. Where are you going at the weekend?
On On Sunday On Sunday morning On May 20 On New Year's Day On Christmas Day	We'll be at home on Sunday. He gets up later on Sunday morning. He is arriving on May 20. Do you go anywhere on New Year's Day? He visits his parents on Christmas Day.
In In winter/summer/ spring/autumn In December/March In the morning In the afternoon In the evening In five minutes In a few days In the beginning In the end	There is a lot of snow here in winter.   We'll be very busy in January. He goes to work early in the morning. You can find him here in the afternoon. He will be at home in the evening. She will be here in five minutes. It will be winter in a few days. In the beginning we had some problems. Everything will be all right in the end.
No preposition Thismorning/week/year Every day/week/weekend Last week/month/year Next summer/week/year	I cannot do it this evening. I've seen some of my friends this week. She goes to the theatre every weekend. He stayed in town last summer. We'll be glad to see you next Saturday.
From ... to/till From Monday to Friday From morning till night	We have classes from Monday to Friday. They work from morning till night on the farm.
Till/until Till/until Sunday Until 5 o/clock Until we get there	I cannot meet you until Sunday. They won't come until 5. We can't do anything until we get there.
Since Since summer Since they left	We haven't met since summer. We haven't seen them since they left.
For For a week	We'll be here for a week.

Fill in the blanks with at, on or in if necessary.

1. Good bye! See you ___ next Sunday. 2. She is coming back ___ a few days. 3. He is leaving ___ Friday. 4. No, baby, you cannot play ___ night. 5. I don't have the book ___ the moment. 6. What are you doing ___ Saturday night? 7. Where do you usually go ___ summer? 8. What time do your classes start? – ___ 8o'clock. 9. I go on holiday ___ August. 10. Do you work ___ Sundays? 11. Are you working ___ next Sunday? 12. He is home late ___ Tuesday. 13. George is not here ___ the moment. 14. He will be back ___ a moment.

Ex. 12 Fill in the blanks with at or in.

1.___ the beginning nothing is clear, but ___ the end you understand everything. 2. ___ the beginning of the book I came across many new words. 3. ___ the end of the book there are many sad episodes. 4. Everything turns out good ___ the end. 5. ___ the beginning I didn't like her. 6. ___ the beginning of our work I had a lot of problems. 7. There is an interesting story ___ the end of the book. 8. ___ the end of the story he finds out the truth at last.

Ex. 13 Translate the following into English.

1. В какое время вы обычно встаете? – Как правило, я встаю в 8. 2. В начале учебного года мы очень заняты. 3. В данный момент я не знаю ответа. 4. Подождите его, он вернется через 5 минут. 5. У него занятия с понедельника по пятницу. 6. В субботу и воскресенье он выходной. 7. На Рождество наша семья собирается вместе. 8. Я встречаюсь с ним в понедельник утром. 9. Рано утром она выводит собаку на прогулку.10. Я скажу вам об этом через пару дней. 11. Мы уезжаем сегодня утром. 12. На прошлой неделе мы получили от них письмо. 13. Следующим летом мы собираемся на море. 14. Я буду свободна в следующее воскресенье. 15. В такой чудесный день приятно погулять. 16. Давай сходим куда-нибудь сегодня вечером. 17. Этот поезд всегда приходит вовремя. 18. Он уезжает в конце октября. 19. В конце я решила не ехать туда. 20. Доклад будет готов в начале следующей недели. 21. В начале фильма ничего не понятно. 22. В начале армия Юга имела успех. 23. В начале я была слишком робкой, чтобы разговаривать с ней.

Ex. 14 Answer the following questions using the prepositions from ... to, till/until, since, for, in, on, at.

1. What time do you get up? 2. When do you have classes at University? 3. What time do you have classes? 4. What do you do on Sunday evening? 5. How soon are you going on holiday? 6. When do you watch TV? 7. When do you go to the country? 8. How long are you planning to stay in the country? 9. What time do you leave if you go to the country? 10. When does it snow? 11. When is it hot? 12. How soon are you having your exams? 13. What are you going to do next Saturday? 14. When did you finish school?

Ex. 15 Translate the following into English.

1. Он обычно встает в семь часов. Ему нравится рано вставать. Летом он делает зарядку на открытом воздухе. В воскресенье он тоже встает рано. Сразу после завтрака он отправляется на прогулку. Рано утром воздух свежий и прохладный. После часовой прогулки он возвращается домой. Днем он занимается. Иногда он занимается до вечера. Обычно ему требуется несколько часов, чтобы выполнить все задания. Поздний вечер – его любимое время. В течение нескольких часов он смотрит телевизор или читает. Ночью его никто не беспокоит. Около полуночи он ложится спать.

Ex. 16 Translate the following into English.

1. Сейчас ровно 2 часа. 2. Сейчас половина первого. 3. Который час? – Без четверти три. 4. Она приходит в четверть пятого. 5. Через пять минут будет семь. 6. Я уйду в половине восьмого. 7. Нам нужно выйти в двадцать минут девятого. 8. Здесь очень жарко в полдень. 9. Фильм начинается без десяти десять. 10. Поездотправляетсячерезполчаса.

Ex. 17 Study the following table. Translate the sentences into Russian.

PREPOSITIONS	EXAMPLES
Before Before breakfast Before having breakfast Before we have breakfast	Don't eat anything before breakfast. Wash your hands before having breakfast. Don't start working before we have breakfast.
After After the film After seeing the film After we see the film	We'll talk about it after the film. We know more facts after seeing the film. After we saw the film we discussed it.
Within Within a week Within a few days	We will solve this problem within a week. They'll be back within a couple of days.
During During breakfast/film	Don't talk during breakfast.
While While watching the film While we have breakfast	While watching the film I understood a lot. We'll discuss it while we have breakfast.

Fill in the blanks with before, after, within, during, while.

1. We worked hard _____ the examination. 2. _____ classes I usually go back home. 3. Let's go to a cafe _____ the concert. 4. I'll get the answer ____ the week time. 5. She took a lot of pictures _____ her trip to Britain. 6. They haven't written _____ they left. 7. She went to sleep ____ reading the book and didn't turn off the light. 8. Don't ask me ____ I finish reading. 9. I'll call her _____ I receive her letter. 10. Let's have a snack ______ the break. 11. Don't talk _____ he is speaking. 12. Don't talk ______ the meal. 13. She promised to write to us _____ her trip. 14. She went sightseeing _____ she was travelling.

Ex. 18 Answer the following questions.

1. What time is it by your watch? 2. Is it right? 3. Is your watch fast or slow? 4. How much is it fast (slow)? 5. What time do you usually get up? 6. What time do the classes begin? 7. When are they over? 8. How long are the breaks? 9. How much time does it take you to get home? 10. What time do you get home? 11. Do you have supper at once? 12. What time do you go to bed? 13. When will you graduate? 14. When will you be on holiday?

Ex. 19 Translate the following into English.

1. Не разговаривайте во время контрольной работы. 2. Я скажу ей об этом после уроков. 3. Мы не знали об этом раньше. 4. Давай перекусим перед фильмом. 5. Сделай музыку тише, пока я разговариваю по телефону. 6. Он обещал вернуться в течение часа. 7. За неделю вы ничего не успеете сделать. 8. Не приходите туда раньше пяти часов. 9. После разговора с ним вы все поймете. 10. Об этом станет известно в течение ближайшего месяца. 11. Во время соревнований инцидентов не было. 12. Помой посуду, пока я схожу в магазин.

Ex. 20 Translate the following into English using except or besides.

1. Там кто-нибудь будет кроме тебя? 2. На концерт пошли все кроме Джека. 3. Ты можешь взять любое пирожное кроме этого. 4. Ей можно есть все кроме рыбы. 5. Кроме рыбы в меню много других блюд. 6. Магазин работает все дни кроме воскресенья. 7. Кроме воскресенья у нее есть еще один выходной день. 8. Мы можем встретить вас в любой день кроме понедельника. 9. Вы можете добраться туда любым транспортом кроме самолета. Самолет туда не летает. 10. Кроме поезда туда ходят автобусы. 11. Кроме английского языка он учит еще и немецкий. 12. Ты знаешь там кого-нибудь еще кроме Анны? 13. Там много интересных книг кроме тех, что вы уже читали. 14. Я могу взять отпуск в любое время кроме июня. 15. Я не знаю об этом ничего, кроме того, что было написано в газетах.

DIFFICULT VERBS

Ex. 1 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
look look like look at look away / up / down/ under/through/etc. look after look around look for look through look forward to have a look	She looks nice today. Both kids look like their mother. Look at the blackboard, please. Look under the chair, the cat is there. We can look through the window. He is ill, somebody has to look after him. He entered the room and looked around. I can't find the book. Let's look for it together. I looked through the newspaper twice. They looked forward to their summer trip. Can I have a look at your article?
see see a film/a play see (to understand) see smb to (the door) see smb home see smb off see smb out see New Year in	Can you see anything there? Did you see the film on TV yesterday? Now I see what you mean. He saw her to the very door of her house. Will you see me home? I'm afraid to go alone. We'll see them off when they go to Moscow. She saw the guests out and locked the door. We like to see New Year in together with our friends.
watch smb/smth watch smb do / doing smth watch oneself watch the time	Did you watch the match? She watched the man enter the house. We watched the kids playing in the garden. Watch yourself and don't make a mistake. Watch the time. I don't want to be late.
notice	We watched him do it but didn't notice the trick.

Fill in the blanks with see, look, look at in the proper form:

1. I don't _____ anything without glasses. 2. _____ the watch. It's time to go home. 3. Do you _____ where I have put my pen? 4. Yesterday she ______ very tired. 5. I ______ you like it. 6. _____ me when I am talking to you. 7. Did you _____ the TV show yesterday? 8. They _____ each other and smiled. 9. Last Sunday I ______ a very good game. 10. ______ the picture. Do you recognize the face?

Ex. 2 Use prepositions where necessary.

1. Look ___ the flowers. Aren't they beautiful? 2. He's lost his key. He's looking ___ it. 3. When Mary is at work, her mother looks ___ Mary's child. 4. I didn't read the newspaper, I just looked ___ it. 5. I'm looking ___ the market. Do you know where it is? 6. John is ill, somebody has to look ___ him. 7. Why are you looking ___ me like that? 8. Have you seen Mary today? I'm looking ___ her. 9. Have a good trip and look ___ yourself. 10. John is looking ___ a new job. He doesn't like the one he has now. 11. We saw our friends ___ and then walked home from the station. 12. Will anybody see you ___ home after the party?

Ex.3 Fill in the blanks with look, see, watch, notice in the proper form and prepositions if necessary.

1. They _____ the screen very attentively. 2. Did you _____ her yesterday? 3. I have _____ the newspapers today, there's nothing interesting in them. 4. My sister _____ me when I was ill. 5. We waited for him but didn't ______ when he came. 6. She _____ the guests ____ and returned to the living room. 7. ______ the blackboard. Do you see a mistake there? 8. I have been ______ my glasses for an hour, but I can't find them. 9. ______ the time not to be late. 10. She _____ to see her shoes. 11. She ______ in surprise, she didn't recognize the room. 12. They always ______ the holidays when they can leave town at last. 13. Nobody _____ her ___ when she left for Britain. 14. _____ yourself! You cannot talk in such rude manner. 15. The boy didn't _____ the stone on the ground and fell down. 16. Don't _____. Turn your face to me.

Ex. 4 Translate the following into English.

1. Я ничего не вижу без очков. 2. Посмотрите на картину. Что вы видите на ней? 3. Следите за временем. Я не хочу опоздать. 4. Вы смотрели пьесу вчера? 5. Я не заметила в нем ничего странного. 6. Они были на вечере вчера? Я их не видела. 7. Она хорошо выглядит. 8. Она похожа на свою старшую сестру. 9. Она прекрасно ухаживает за своей собакой. 10. Он вошел в дом и удивленно огляделся. 11. Ты можешь поискать мои очки? 12. Посмотри под книгой, они могут быть там. 13. Мы с нетерпением ждем эту поездку. 14. Вы можете посмотреть новости по телевизору. 15. Теперь я вижу, что я была не права. 16. Джон проводил Мэри домой после вечеринки. 17. Он проводил ее до самой двери, а потом ушел. 18. Кто проводит тебя, когда ты будешь уезжать? 19. Давай встретим новый год вместе. 20. Мы продолжим наш разговор после того, как я провожу гостей.

Ex. 5 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
go go to go by bus /train go on a trip go home go to hospital go shopping   go sightseeing go in for go into/out/away go on go by be going to do smth go for a walk	Where are you going so early? She went to London a week ago. You can go to Moscow by train or by air. He is going on a business trip in a few days. Do you go straight home after classes? He will go to hospital next week to be operated on. You have to go shopping, as we've run out of everything. When in London she went sightseeing a lot. I don't go in for sports, but I like to watch games. You cannot go out now, as it's too late. You haven't finished the text. Go on reading. He went by the shop and turned round the corner. When are you going to do this work? Let's go for a walk after dinner.
come come to come home come here/there come in come back come from come across     come to do smth come to a decision come to an end come into fashion	I don't know when he came, but he is here now. I'll see him when he comes to the University. He never comes home so early. Come here at once. You are late but you may come in. When will he come back from his trip? Where do you come from? Where were you born? I came across many new words when reading the book. I came across him at the bus stop. He came to work here two years ago. Have you come to any decision? It will come to an end sooner or later. This colour will come in fashion next summer.
walk walk smb home	Do you go there by bus or do you walk? It was warm and we walked Ann home.

Fill in the blanks with go, come, walk in the proper form and prepositions if necessary.

1. They _____ along the streets slowly, looking at the shop windows. 2. ______ straight home. We are waiting for you. 3. We must ______ home. Mother is waiting for us. 4. When Jane _____ home, the house was empty. 5. I'll ______ train, I hate buses. 6. She ______ the room to meet the people. 7. We knocked and she ______ to us. 8. _____ writing. There are some more sentences left. 9. I hadn't seen them for a long time when suddenly I _____ them in Moscow. 10. He got off the bus and _____ two blocks to the house.

Ex. 6 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
hear hear (to know) hear smb do smth hear from (to get news, letters)	I can’t hear you, it’s too noisy here. I hear you’ve entered the University. I heard them say it. I haven’t heard from them yet.
listen listen to listen in	Listen! There is somebody there. Listen to me! I'm talking to you. I listen in to the news while I have breakfast.

Fill in the blanks with hearorlisten and prepositions if necessary.

1. Did you _____ the noise outside? 2. I called his name but he didn't _____ me and passed by. 3. I tried to talk to her but she didn't _____ me. 4. I _____ to her attentively but I didn't _____ everything because of the noise. 5. I ____ what you say but I don't believe you. 6. I _____ the news every morning. 7. _____, there is some noise outside. 8. I _____, but I don't hear anything.

Ex. 7 Translate the following into English.

1. Ты слышала, что он сказал. 2. Он позвал ее, но она не услышала. 3. Ты что-нибудь слышишь? 4. Давай послушаем, что он скажет. 5. Я слышу, что вы говорите, но не могу этому поверить. 6. Я люблю слушать радио по утрам. 7. Я должна послушать новости сегодня вечером. 8. Слушайте меня, я ведь с вами разговариваю. 9. Ты слышишь голоса в отдалении? 10. Яслушаю, нонеслышуничегокромеветра.

Ex. 8 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
wait for wait one's turn wait one's chance	Why don't you go? Are you waiting for anybody? Wait your turn to enter. She has waited her chance long enough.
await	We don’t know what awaits us.
expect smb/smth expect smth to happen	We expect you at our place on Wednesday. We expected the weather to change next morning.
look forward to	We have looked forward to this trip too long to cancel it now.

Fill in the blanks with wait (for), expect or look forward to.

1. When do you _____ them to come back? 2. I'm _____ for my friend. 3. We ____ them next Saturday. 4. We _____ the trip to be interesting. 5. We _____ the trip to Great Britain. We _____ to see many interesting things there. 6. We'll go now and _____ you at home. 7. We _____ a lot of guests to come to the party. 8. She _____ the party but she wasn't able to go there. 9. What are you doing here so late? – I'm still ______ Ann. I _____ her to come any minute. 10. We didn't _____ them to be so late.

Ex. 9 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
know	I don't know English well.
learn   learn from one's mistakes learn one’s lesson	When did you learn about these facts? What language do you learn? Some people never learn from their mistakes.   I’ve learned my lesson; I won’t make this mistake again.
find out	How can I find out where she lives now?
get to know	I got to know these facts working on my report.
recognize	I'm sure I know this man but I can't recognize him.

Fill in the blanks with know, learn, find out, get to know, recognize.

1. We _____ a lot of things at the lecture. 2. He _____ to drive a car when he was 16. 3. They say, he _____ everything about cars. 4. How did you _____ this information? It wasn't in the newspapers yet. 5. It has taken me some time _____ where they are now. 6. _____ from your mistakes. 7. We never ______ who had written that letter. 8. I would like ____ more about that person. 9. Do you know that person? - I'm not sure. I don't ____ him. 10. You'll easily _____ her when you see her, she hasn't changed at all. 11. I _____ the details, you don't have to tell me the story. 12. She has changed, we could hardly _____ her. 13. I _____ these facts when I happened to hear their story.

Ex. 10 Translate the following into English.

1. На этих занятиях мы узнали много интересных вещей. 2. Он научился водить машину, когда ему было только 15 лет. 3. Я очень хочу узнать историю этого города. 4. Откуда вы узнали эти новости? 5. Как мне узнать, когда он приехал? 6. Учитесь на своих ошибках. 7. Я получила урок, когда обгорела прошлым летом. 8. Он позвонил, чтобы выяснить, в чем проблема. 9. Мы так никогда и не узнали его настоящее имя. 10. Он поет песню, которую я не могу узнать. 11. Он так изменился, что вы едва ли узнаете его. 12. Во время нашего визита мы узнали кое-что об их образе жизни.

Ex. 11 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
meet	Meet me when I return from my trip. I'm glad to meet you. I've heard a lot about you.
introduce smb to smb	Let me introduce you to my friends.
get acquainted with	I got acquainted with these people at the seaside.

Fill in the blanks with to meet, to introduce, to get acquainted.

1. They first _____ in the summer camp. 2. They _____ in summer and soon married. 3. Let me _____ John to you. 4. Come to the party tomorrow, you'll _____ all my friends there. 5. She _____ her future husband at the University. 6. It takes time _____ with new people. 7. She attended all the meetings _____ with her colleagues. 8. She _____ her new friend to the family.

Ex. 12 Translate the following into English.

1. Мы познакомились с ними, когда отдыхали на юге. 2. Она представила своего друга родителям. 3. Ознакомьтесь с его манерой писать, а потом мы поговорим. 4. Позвольте мне представить вам нашего гостя. 5. Мы встретились снова спустя много лет. 6. Мы познакомились с их обычаями. 7. Вам потребуется время, чтобы узнать город. 8. Рада с вами познакомиться. 9. Мне выпала честь представить вам нашего молодого писателя. 10. Я встречаюсь с ним через час у фонтана.

Ex. 13 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
study learn teach take a subject	Now I study English at University. I began to learn English when I was 10. When I graduate I'll teach English at school. We'll take German next year.

Fill in the blanks with to study, to learn, to teach, to take.

1. I've just finished school this year and now I _____ at college. 2. We _____ a lot of interesting facts in class yesterday. 3. We are _____ by experienced teachers at University. 4. I _____ German this term and I want _____ it next term too. 5. And what languages do you _____? 6. I'll always remember the teacher who _____ me to read and write. 7. Do you _____ English or do you already know it? 8. She _____ at school. She is a good teacher. 9. Who _____ you to play the piano?

Ex. 14 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
hurry hurry up hurry smb be in a hurry	He got up late and now he had to hurry. Hurry up or we'll be late for classes. She hurried the children out of the classroom. Can you stop for a minute or are you in a hurry?
take one's time	Don't answer at once. Take your time.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Вам придется поторопиться, если вы хотите успеть на собрание. 2. У нас достаточно времени и нет необходимости торопиться. 3. Дети закончили обед и поспешили в сад. 4. Поторопи детей в школу, а то они опоздают. 5. Почему ты так торопишься? 6. Он вышел из комнаты в такой спешке, что даже не попрощался с нами. 7. Я сейчас тороплюсь и не могу разговаривать с вами. 8. Давайте поторопимся на вокзал, поезд прибывает через четверть часа. 9. Почему ты все делаешь в такой спешке? 10. Не торопись с ответом.

Ex. 15 Study the table, look up the words in the dictionary and write down their Russian equivalents.

VERB	EXAMPLES
worry	– to be anxious or unhappy about something
	Don’t worry about me. I’ll be all right.
bother	– to make somebody feel slightly worried or upset, to annoy
	I don’t want to bother her with my problems. If the tooth still bothers you, you’d better see a dentist.
trouble	– to make somebody feel worried, to bother
	Is anything troubling you? You look upset. Sorry to trouble you, but could you tell me the time?
disturb	– to interrupt, to worry, to move
	I am sorry to disturb you, but could you step aside. Don’t disturb the papers on my desk.

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. You don't have to worry about anything. Everything will be done on time. 2. His attitude bothers me a lot. 3. Stop bothering me with your questions. I don't have the answers. 4. I am sorry to trouble you, but can you help me? - Sure, it's no trouble in fact. 5. Why didn't you take the trouble to ask him about it? 6. Don't disturb him; he is working on his report.

Ex. 16 Translate the following into English.

1. Тебе не нужно беспокоиться о своем весе. 2. Он беспокоится, что может потерять работу. 3. Не волнуйся, они уже здесь. 4. Изменения климата волнуют ученых. 5. Не говори маме об этом, ей и так есть о чем беспокоиться. 6. Не о чем беспокоиться. 7. Эта проблема действительно беспокоит меня. 8. Меня задевает, что он забыл о моем дне рождения. 9. Многие не любят возвращаться ночью, а меня это не беспокоит. 10. Не мешай мне, когда я перевожу. 11. Извините за беспокойство, но не могли бы вы помочь мне. 12. Вы должны поговорить с ней и выяснить, что ее тревожит. 13. Можно мне побеспокоить вас? 14. Она не удосужилась спросить меня об этом. 15. Извините, что прерываю, но у меня важная информация. 16. Ее присутствие нарушило покой в нашем доме. 17. Что меня беспокоит, так это его легкомыслие. 18. Его часто беспокоит головная боль. 19. Не волнуйтесь об этом. Мы сами все решим. 20. Ваша музыка меня не раздражает.

Ex. 17 Translate the following sentences into English using the verbs look for and find.

1. Я ищу Элен. Ты видела ее? 2. Детективы все еще ищут преступника, который сбежал неделю назад. 3. Это как раз та книга, что я ищу. 4. Я ищу кого-нибудь, кто может мне помочь. 5. Ты ищешь неприятности, когда говоришь такие вещи. 6. Я не могу найти мои ключи. 7. Никто еще не нашел решения этой проблемы. 8. Я нахожу его привлекательным. 9. Наша учительница всегда придирается к нашей грамматике (to find faults with).

Ex. 18 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian. Compare the verbs in the table with their Russian equivalents.

VERB	EXAMPLES
lie - lay - lain lie down lay - laid - laid lay the table	Look! The cat is lying on the bed. I'm tired. I want to lie down. Let's lay down the carpet. She always lays the table in the dining room.
rise - rose - risen raise - raised raise one's hand raise eyebrows arouse - aroused	The sun rises in the East. She raised her glasses to look at us. Raise your hand if you know the answer. He raised eyebrows in surprise. His new book is to arouse great interest.

Translate the following into English.

1. Он лежал на кровати и курил. 2. Не лежите долго на солнце. 3. Ложитесь на диван и отдохните. 4. Положите пальто на диван. 5. Она положила руку мне на плечо. 6. Накройте на стол в саду. 7. Дым поднимается из трубы. 8. Он поднялся и вышел. 9. Я встала из-за стола и подошла к окну. 10. Солнце встает на востоке. 11. Поднимите руки. 12. Она поднесла палец к губам, призывая к тишине. 13. Его поведение вызвало интерес у соседей. 14. Эти события вызывают страх. 15. Этособытиевызвалонекотороебеспокойствовгороде.

Ex. 19 Translate the sentences into Russian and give your own examples.

VERB	EXAMPLES
marry	He married my sister last year.
be married	Is he married or single?
get married	I wonder when they are going to get married at last.

Translate the following into English.

1. Она вышла замуж, когда ей было 18 лет. 2. Он женат или холост? 3. Они женаты уже 25 лет. 4. Она замужем за моим братом. 5. Они женятся в следующем месяце. 6. Билли женился на первой девушке, с которой он стал встречаться. 7. Это история о богатом бизнесмене, который женился на своей секретарше. 8. Она вышла замуж в очень состоятельную семью. 9. Они поженились и были счастливы. 10. Онавышлазамужзаоченьприятногомолодогочеловека.

Ex. 20 Translate the sentences into Russian and give your own examples.

VERB	EXAMPLES
like (v)	I like what she does.
be like look like	She is very much like her mother. She looks like her mother.
be alike look alike	They are absolutely alike. She and her younger sister look so much alike.
take after	They say she takes after her father.

Translate the following into English.

1. Моя мама и я похожи во многих вещах. 2. Они выглядят совершенно одинаково. 3. Машина моего брата похожа на вашу. 4. Он двигается тихо, как кошка. 5. Он очень похож на брата. 6. Это здание похоже на церковь. 7. Ее слова звучали как музыка для меня. 8. Она была такая же, как и остальные девочки. 9. Ковер нужно почистить и он будет как новый. 10. На него так не похоже опаздывать. 11. Ты уже видела ее? Какаяона? 12. Джоннипошелвмать.

Ex. 21 Study the table and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
speak to/with	I want to speak to the Dean about it. He spoke with us about a lot of things.
talk to/with	Who is she talking to? Stop talking, please. You disturb us.
say smth to smb	He says he knows you. He said it to me himself. Say it once more, please.
tell smb tell the truth tell a lie	Don't tell him about it. Ask him, he will tell you the truth. He never tells lies.

Ex. 22 Translate the following into English.

1. Я бы хотела поговорить с вами об этом. 2. Они долго разговаривали об этом с деканом. 3. Они высказались в пользу новых правил. 4. Они не сказали ни слова обо всем этом деле. 5. Мы провели всю ночь в разговорах. 6. Вы говорите обо мне? 7. На каком языке она говорит? 8. Что она сказала? 9. Я не говорила ничего подобного. 10. Мы говорили о нашем детстве и поняли, что мы ходили в одну и ту же школу. 11. Она написала нам, чтобы сказать, что не может приехать. 12. Скажите мне свое имя и адрес. 13. Если он говорит правду, они в опасности. 14. Я прямо сказала ей об этом. 15. Она попрощалась и ушла. 16. Не верь ничему, что он говорит. 17. Скажи мне, что ты хочешь. 18. Часы показывают половину восьмого. 19. Дети не должны разговаривать на улице с чужими людьми. 20. Неразговаривайсполнымртом.

Ex. 23 Translate into English using the phrases to pay attention to, to attract attention, to draw smb's attention to smth.

1. Не обращай на него внимания, он всегда говорит чепуху. 2. Мы слышали шум, но не обратили на него внимания. 3. Он никогда не обращал на нее особого внимания. 4. Телевизор работал, но никто не обращал на него внимания. 5. Она пыталась привлечь внимание официанта. 6. Знаменитые артисты всегда привлекают внимание. 7. Постарайся не привлекать к себе лишнего внимания. 8. Его статья привлекла внимание к экономической ситуации в нашей стране. 9. Ученые стараются привлечь внимание общественности к проблемам экологии. 10. Я бы хотела привлечь ваше внимание к этому инциденту.

Ex. 24 Study the table and give Russian equivalents of the phrases.

VERB PHRASES
DO
do one's best do good do harm do homework do (the) housework	do research do shopping do well/badly (at school, in smth) do some work	do one's hair do the dishes do something for a living do the washing do the sights
MAKE
make a cake make the (some) coffee make an effort make a fortune make fun of smb/smth make a mess (of smth) make the bed make sure	make a mistake make money make the most (of smth) make a noise make notes make an offer make progress make sense	make a difference make a phone call make a report on make a suggestion make an impression make a decision make up one's mind
HAVE
have a shower have a meal have dinner have a picnic	have experience have fun have a holiday	have a party have a rest have time
TAKE
take the bus take a taxi take a decision	take a deep breath take part take place	take a seat take time take one's time

Ex. 25 Translate the phrasal verbs and the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
do away with - to get rid of do without - to manage to live without smb or smth could do with - to need, want smth do with - to have a connection with smth	Europe has done away with national money. I have to buy a car, I cannot do without it. I could do with something to eat. This problem has nothing to do with me.
make for somewhere - to move towards somewhere make out smth - to understand make up smth (of) - to combine together make up smth - to invent an excuse	She made for the window but it was locked too. I can't make out her handwriting. It makes up 70% of their income. She made up a silly story about the bus being late.

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Her job has something to do with marketing. 2. Girls make up 90% of our students. 3. You'll have to do without your dinner if you don't get back in time. 4. She sits in front of the mirror for ages making herself up. 5. When the bell rang the students made for the door. 6. Speak up. I can't make out what you are saying. 7. If you do your best to explain the problem, I'm sure she'll understand. 8. It's about time you did some exercise – you are getting a bit overweight. 9. I could do with more help. 10. I don't believe him - he's made it all up. 11. How many times a week do you do the shopping?

Ex. 26 Study the phrasal verbs below and give their Russian equivalents.

VERB

EXAMPLES

bring up – to raise children carry on – to continue get on (in life) – to advance, to make progress get down to smth – to finally start doing smth give smth up, to give up doingsmth – to stop doing sth go ahead (with) – to begin to do smth grow up – to develop from child to adult hold on – to wait hold smb/smth up – to delay smb/sth keep smb up – to delay smb from going to bed put off – to postpone   set off – to start a journey stay up – to go to bed later than usual

He was brought up in Australia. Are you going to carry on making this terrible noise? He is new here, but he'll get on fine.   Isn't it time you finally get down to work? She gave up smoking. She gave it up.   He decided to go ahead with his plans. She grew up on a farm. Hold on a minute. I won't be long. The weather held the train up. I won't keep you up long.   If it rains they will have to put off the match. When are we setting off? We stayed up to watch the late film on TV.

Paraphrase the following sentences using the verbs from the table above.

1. They raised four children. 2. What subjects are you going to learn next year? 3. Why didn't he go to bed at his usual time yesterday? 4. He is going to continue his work at the project. 5. Don't worry! He is making good progress. 6. When we started working at last, it was already quite dark. 7. She was raised in India. 8. He stopped learning music and went in for sport. 9. You can begin to realize your plans. 10. Wait a moment. I'll be right back. 11. The construction work was delayed by the snowfall. 12. Her chatting stopped me from going to bed. 13. If he isn't well by next Monday, we'll have to postpone the seminar. 14. The expedition started in June on a fine sunny day. 15. What do you want to do when you are an adult?

Ex. 27 Translate the following into English.

1. Если вы хотите преуспеть в жизни, вам придется много работать. 2. Она не ложилась спать до часа ночи. 3. Тебе бы пора начать работать, как следует. 4. Почему ты не начинаешь учить немецкий сейчас, если у тебя есть время? 5. После болезни он перестал есть мясо. 6. Можно задержать тебя на минутку, пока я сверюсь с моим еженедельником. 7. Если он и дальше будет нарушать закон, он закончит в тюрьме. 8. ОнародиласьвНовойЗеландии, новоспитываласьвАвстралии.

Ex. 28 Give Russian equivalents of the phrases below and translate the sentences into Russian.

VERB	EXAMPLES
take after – to resemble smb take off – to leave the ground;   – to remove clothing, make-up take in – to include take smth in – to reduce the width of (clothing) take smb out – to invite smb out take to smb – begin to like take up smth – to take time, space	Jenny really takes after her mother. As the plane was taking off I remembered I hadn't turned the iron off. Take off your coat and come in. The price takes in the cost of accommodation. I'll have to take the dress in a bit as it's too big. He took me out to a nice restaurant. I took to Paul as soon as I met him. Writing the composition took up most of the weekend.

Translate the following into English.

1. Нужно избавиться от этого стола, он занимает слишком много места. 2. Если тебе жарко, можешь снять пиджак. 3. Мясо несвежее, я отнесу его назад к мяснику. 4. Джон всегда был трудным мальчиком – он пошел в отца. 5. Она сняла очки, когда мы фотографировали ее. 6. Он такой приятный, он мне сразу понравился. 7. Том пригласил меня сходить пообедать.

Ex. 29 Fill in the blanks with prepositions if necessary.

1. What are you looking ___? Have you lost anything? 2. Look ___ me. Do you recognize me? 3. Do you see ___ that dog over there? 4. You must listen ___ this tape once more. 5. Switch ___ the tape-recorder. I want to listen ___ the tape. 6. Switch ___ the tape-recorder. I'm done. 7. Put ___ your coat today, it's rather cold. 8. Take ___ your coat, we are not going anywhere. 9. He sat ___ ___ the chair and opened his notebook. 10. He stood ___, came ___ to the window and looked ___ it.

Ex. 30 Translate the following into English.

1. Кто-то позвал меня, и я обернулась. 2. Дверь была открыта и кошка вышла. 3. Сейчас я ухожу и вернусь через час. 4. Ребенок еще не может хорошо ходить и часто падает. 5. Забор был невысоким, и мальчики легко перелезли через него. 6. Одень пальто. На улице холодно. 7. Сними пальто и проходи. 8. Примерь эти туфли. 9. Он поднял ключ и отдал его сестре. 10. Я собираюсь отнести эти туфли назад в магазин. 11. Не забудь выключить свет, когда будешь выходить. 12. Я хотела послушать новости и включила радио. 13. Спасибо за журнал. Я верну тебе его завтра. 14. Когда зазвонил телефон, я отложила книгу и сняла трубку. 15. Погаси сигарету. 16. Вычеркни это слово. 17. Ты ждала Джона, когда я тебя встретила? 18. Напиши мне письмо, когда будешь в Лондоне. 19. Она редко пишет мне. Мы предпочитаем говорить по телефону. 20. Я не читала газету, я только просмотрела ее. 21. Это зависит от того, в какое время вы уйдете. 22. Подождите, я сейчас ее позову. 23. Самолет взлетел 20 минут назад. 24. Она часто просыпается среди ночи. 25. Эта книга принадлежит мне. 26. Вы всегда можете попросить его о помощи. 27. Ты можешь положиться на нее. 28. Когда она на работе, ее сестра присматривает за детьми. 29. Кто знает, что ждет нас? 30. После этой статьи в газете, он старался не привлекать к себе внимания.

NON-FINITE FORMS

PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

COMPLEX OBJECT

Complex object is a predicative construction used after some verbs. In this construction an infinitive or a participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case. In a sentence this construction is used as an object.

VERBS	COMPLEX OBJECT
Verbs of sense perception: see, watch, feel, hear	somebody do something somebody doing something
We saw him enter the house. We heard him say it. She felt her hand tremble. We saw her walking in the street. We heard them quarreling and didn’t enter.
Verbs denoting mental activity: know, think, consider, believe, expect	somebody to do something something done
We know him to do well at school. We expect them to come soon. We expect this work (to be) done by tomorrow.
Verbs denoting wish: want, wish	somebody todo something something done
I want you to finish the work at last. I want this letter sent as soon as possible.
Verbs denoting feelings and emotions: like, dislike, hate	somebody to do something
He likes his students to be on time. Our teacher likes us to work hard.
Verbs denoting compulsion: makeand permission: let	somebody do something
Don’t make me repeat it again. Let me go. Let him say it again. Let’swait.
The verb ‘have’	something done
Where do you have your hair cut? I will have the magazine delivered tomorrow.

Ex. 1Make dialogues according to the model:

A: I had to go to the library twice yesterday.

B: What made you do it?

A: I forgot to take the book I needed. (or) Ann made me go again because I’d forgotten to take some books for her.

Ex. 2Ask questions and give answers; work in pairs according to the patterns:

1. – Do you see what Ann is doing?

- Yes, I see her writing / write.

2. – Do you hear what Ira is doing?

- Yes, I hear her playing / play.

3. – Look! Alex is here in the reading room.

- I often see him study here.

1. – What can I do for you?

- If you don’t mind, I want you to open the window.

2. – What are your plans for tonight?

- I want us to go to the theatre. / I expect Mike to take me out.

3. – What do you want me to do now?

- I’d like you to wash up the dishes.

1. - Why are you surprised?

- I didn’t expect it to happen so soon/

2. – Don’t expect him to come on time. He never does.

- I know, but I’d like him to do it at least once.

1. – I consider him to be a nice guy.

- So do I.

2. – I consider this rule to be important.

- Then learn it.

3. – It’s strange she is late. I’ve always known her to be a punctual person.

- I’m sure we can expect her to come any moment now.

Ex. 3Translate into English.

1. Я хочу, чтобы вы примерили эти туфли. 2. Я не хочу, чтобы вы принимали его слова близко к сердцу. 3. Мы ожидали, что вы обратите внимание на эти факты. 4. Мы ожидали, что фильм произведет на вас впечатление. 5. Разве вы не считаете его хорошим специалистом? 6. Все знают, что они сейчас не в городе. 7. Я прошу вас накрыть стол. 8. Она заставила всех подчиниться. 9. Позвольте мне представить вам мою подругу. 10. Пусть он расскажет, кого он там видел. 11. От его шутки все рассмеялись. 12. От его слов она заплакала. 13. От ее совета я почувствовала себя легче. 14. Мы наблюдали, как огромные деревья ломались от ветра. 15. Никто никогда не слышал, чтобы он говорил такую чепуху. 16. Она почувствовала, что кто-то смотрит на нее. 17. От этого ей стало не по себе.

Ex. 4Paraphrase according to the model:

Model: Her hair is cut. – She hasher hair cut.

1. I’ve cut my finger. ______________________________

2. They painted his house. ______________________________________

3. Somebody cleaned the room for him. ____________________________

4. Somebody brushed his coat. ______________________________________

5. Her mother made a new dress for her. _________________________________

COMPLEX SUBJECT

Complex subject is a predicative construction used with some verbs. In this construction an infinitive or a participle is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case. In a sentence this construction is used as a subject.

The verbs of sense perception, verbs denoting mental activity, compulsion and permission used as predicates of the sentence, have the form of the Passive Voice.

VERBS	COMPLEX SUBJECT
Verbs of sense perception: see, watch, feel, hear	Sb is seen to do sth Sb is seen doing sth
Shewas heardto say it. Shewas seenwriting this letter.
Verbs denoting mental activity: know, think, consider, believe, expect	Sb is known to do sth Sb is known to have done sth
Theyare expectedto arriveby train on Sunday. Sheis believedto be the fastest runner.
Verbs denoting compulsion: make and permission: let	Sb is made to do sth Sb is let to do sth
Wewere madeto return. Hewas madeto repeathis words. The childrenwere letto play.
The verbs seem, happen, turn out, prove	Sb seems to do sth Sb seems to be doing sth
Heseemsto be able to do it himself. Heseemsto be working hard. Ihappenedto meet him. Heturned outto know everything.
The phrases be sure, certain, likely	Sb is sure to do sth
Heis sureto help you. Sheis certainto know the news. Theyare likelyto come tonight.

Ex. 5Paraphrase using the adjectives sure, certain, likely, unlikely:

Model:I’m sure it will rain. – It is sure (likely) to rain.

I’m sure it won’t rain. – It’s not likely (It’s unlikely) to rain.

1. I’m sure he will help you. 2. I’m sure she will answer all your questions. 3. I’m sure we will meet her there. 4. I’m sure they will like the film. 5. I’m sure the cat will like the fish. 6. I’m sure your dog wants to go out. 7. I’m sure the baby will enjoy this toy. 8. I’m sure the teacher will ask you. 9. I’m sure this question will be asked. 10. I’m sure you will be asked. 11. I’m sure somebody will come soon. 12. I’m sure he will remember everything. 13. I’m sure he won’t help you. 14. I’m sure she won’t come today. 15. I’m sure you won’t like this book.

GERUND

PATTERNS

Gerund is an–ing formthat can be used as a subject, object, predicative, attribute, a part of a compound verbal aspect predicate and an adverbial modifier.

SUBJECT Reading is a good pastime.

DIRECT OBJECT (after such verbs as: enjoy, mind, avoid, like, hate, suggest, remember, forget,deny, can’t help and adjective worth) We enjoyed watching the play. I remember telling you this. The book is worth reading.

PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT (be fond of, be good at, go in for, be against, burst out, think of, say to) I am fond of reading. What do you say to going there now? She is good at painting.

PREDICATIVE His hobby is reading

ATTRIBUTE I don’t like your idea of reading the letter aloud.

A PART OF A COMPOUND VERBAL ASPECT PREDICATE go on, keep on, continue, start, stop, finish, give up + Gerund They were tired and stopped working.

Ex. 1Compare the use of the Gerund and the Infinitive after the verbs want and need and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The room needs cleaning. 2. I want to clean the room. 3. I want you to clean the room. 4. I want the room to be cleaned. 5. The room needs to be cleaned. 7. The plants want watering. 8. I want to water the plants. 9. I want you to water the plants.

Ex. 2Remember the following patterns with the Gerund and complete the following sentences: