Назовите причины, почему правительство не хочет бороться с курением.
Напишите краткую аннотацию текста.
Раздел 5.3
Прочитайте отрывок из газетной статьи и мнение читателя. Поставьте абзацы в правильном порядке.
| Up to the early twentieth century, marriage was considered a necessity. People chose partners who provided them with economic support and stability. Since then attitudes have changed and fewer people are tying the knots. Marriage is no longer necessity in modern society. Do you agree with this view of marriage? What are the arguments for and against marriage? PBS Studentmagazine invites readers to write in with their opinions. |
A.Secondly, it has been suggested that marriage provides more
stability for children. Certain surveys of children in single-parent families claim they are more likely to commit a serious crime than children from two-parent, married households. But in spite of this, having married parents isn’t necessarily the best thing. It’s obvious that a stable single-parent environment is a lot healthier for children than an unhappy marriage.
B.First of all, it could be argued that marriage brings emotional and
financial security to a relationship. This is partly true as married people are still legally bound to support their spouses. On the other hand, getting married and divorced is becoming increasingly easy. As a result, fewer people are prepared to work at their relationship, married vows are broken, and many couples are left emotionally scarred.
C Finally, some people claim that marriage is becoming more flexible, with personalized vows and contracts enabling couples to define their relationship themselves. Nevertheless, precisely because the ceremony is flexible and easy to adapt, many people are abusing it. In America there have been televised game shows, where people can win and marry spouses, and in Australia one man actually married his television set.
D.To conclude, it’s clear that marriage is no longer necessary
to a successful, modern relationship. Nowadays a growing number of people simply prefer to live together. This continuing decline in marriages means there is greater freedom for individuals to choose their own partners and decide how they wish to live.
E.Marriage used to be considered a necessity for anyone
wanting to live together and start a family. But over the past two decades fewer and fewer couples have felt the need to tie the knot. What then are the advantages and disadvantages of marriage?
Скажите, какие аргументы за и против брака приводит читатель. Согласен ли ты с этим? Какое твое мнение по отношению к браку?
Письменно переведите текст со словарем.
5.3.4 Прокомментируйте следующие высказывания:
1. “Remember this: very little is needed to make a happy life”.
(Mark Aurelius, 121-180)
2. “There is nothing more tragic in life than the utter impossibility of changing what you have done”.
(John Galsworthy, 1867-1933)
3. “Everything in this life has to be paid for, and love has to be paid for too”.
(Iris Murdock, 1919 - )
4. “Life is made up of marble and mud”.
(Anonymous)
5.3.5 Напишите небольшое сочинение (10-12 предложений) на тему:
“My living position”.
УРОК 6
· Причастие
· Тема: Generations And Generation Gap
Раздел 6.1
Причастие (The Participle)соответствует русскому причастию действительного залога настоящего времени и деепричастию несовершенного вида.
Resting- отдыхая, отдыхающий
Формы причастия
| Active | Passive | |
| Present Past Perfect | asking -------- having asked | being asked asked having been asked |
6.1.1 Замените придаточные предложения причастными оборотами с Present Participle Active:
Образец:
| The woman who is looking out of the window is my aunt. The woman looking out of the window is my aunt. |
1. The children who are playing in the garden are very noisy.
2. She came up to the man who was standing at the door.
3. There was a lot of work which was waiting for us.
4. He didn’t like the people who were surrounding him.
5. I noticed the people who were waiting for the taxi.
6. We are not the fans of the team which is losing.
7. I don’t know the man who is entering the door.
8. There is the man in front of him who is hurrying along the street.
9. We were looking at the kittens who were playing on the lawn.
10. The girl who was singing was about sixteen.
6.1.2 Замените придаточные предложения причастными оборотами с Present Participle Active:
Образец:
| When she came home, she turned on the light. Coming home, she turned on the light. |
1. When you read English text, copy out the new words.
2. While he was waiting for me, he became the witness of an accident.
3. When I was walking through the park, I saw some beautiful flowers.
4. When you are leaving the house, don’t don’t forget to lock the door.
5. He didn’t tell the truth when he was writing the letter.
6. When she saw them, she smiled with pleasure.
7. When a child is growing up, he depends on his parents.
8. When he begins to work, he will not forget our instructions.
9. When a young man is choosing a profession, he needs advice.
10. When you see a robbery, call the police.
6.1.3 Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя конструкцию с Present Participle Active:
1. Читая статью в английском журнале, я выписал новые слова.
2. Читая статью в английском журнале, я выписываю новые слова.
3. Читая статью в английском журнале, я буду выписывать новые слова.
4. Дети, которые играют в комнате, мои внуки.
5. Он боялся собаки, которая лаяла на него.
6. Зная английский язык, ты можешь общаться с людьми разных стран.
7. Она лежала на диване, читая книгу.
8. Войдя в комнату, он быстро подошел к окну.
9. Встретив его, не забудь рассказать ему новости.
10. Она стояла у камина, задумавшись о чем-то.
6.1.4 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастие Present Participle Passive:
1. The question being discussed now is very important.
2. He doesn’t know the song being heard.
3. The house being built in our street is a new supermarket.
4. Do you like the film being discussed?
5. Being asked at the lesson, the student answered well.
6. The experiment being carried on by this scientist is very important.
7. Being packed in the beautiful box the flowers looked lovely.
8. The present being sent on time made me pleased.
9. Do you like the vegetables being bought at the market?
10. The picture being painted by my brother was great.
6.1.5 Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя конструкцию с Present Participle Passive:
1. Голос, который слышится из кабинета, мне знаком.
2. Здание, которое строится в нашем районе, будет новым бассейном.
3. Разреши мне послушать! Речь, которую сейчас произносят, очень интересная.
4. Цветы, которые сейчас поливают, посадил мой дедушка.
5. Когда его спросили об экзамене, он ответил, что уже сдал его.
6. Тебе нравиться книга, которую сейчас обсуждают?
7. Молодой человек, которого сейчас спрашивают, мой друг.
8. Когда птичку посадили в клетку, она перестала петь.
9. Стихи, которые сейчас читают, написал великий русский поэт.
10. Мама разрешила котенка, найденного на улице. Оставить дома.
| Past Participle = Participle II bought -купленный, который покупают written -написанный,который пишут discussed –обсужденный, который обсуждают, который обсудили |
6.1.6 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на Past Participle:
1. He doesn’t like boiled eggs.
2. A broken cup lay on the floor.
3. The books written by this author are very interesting.
4. I remember his words told at the meeting very well.
5. Asked about that event, he replied nothing.
6. I don’t like the film seen yesterday.
7. The stolen things were returned to the owner.
8. We are interested in the goods produced by this factory.
9. This is the house built many years ago.
10. At the exhibition they saw the canvas painted by a great master.
| Сравните употребление Participle I(-ing form) и Participle II (Past Participle) |
| Taking -берущий taken - взятый Discussing -обсуждая discussed- обсужденный Doing- делая, делающий done - сделанный |
6.1.7 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II:
1. A person taking a bath is our patient.
2. A person taken to hospital was his brother.
3. The letter written by him was very long.
4. Don’t make mistakes while writing a report.
5. The questions put to the professor were very important.
6. While putting flowers into a vase he broke it.
7. I saw my neighbour saying goodbye to his girl-friend.
8. She didn’t understand a word said by him.
9. He didn’t see the things kept in her box.
10. Ann entered the room holding a book in her hand.
6.1.8 Выбери необходимую форму причастия:
1. Who is the girl (doing, done) her task on the blackboard?
2. The book (writing, written) by him is not very interesting.
3. The translation (doing, done) by me was right.
4. The (losing, lost) keys were not found.
5. The (losing, lost) team will not get the prize.
6. I don’t like the video (buying, bought) yesterday.
7. Do you know the boy (coming, come) towards us?
8. We like the songs (singing, sung) by this singer.
9. The woman (standing, stood) at the corner is my mother.
10. The question (discussing, discussed) at the meeting was very urgent.
6.1.9 Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Participle I или Participle II:
1. Пол, вымытый утром, был очень чистый.
2. Он пел пока мыл пол.
3. Вчера я был на вечеринке, устроенной моими друзьями.
4. Вот телеграмма, полученная утром.
5. Получая телеграмму, он забыл поставит подпись.
6. Это стихотворение похоже на все стихи, которые пишут подростки.
7. Как тебе нравится одежда, которую носят сейчас?
8. Девушка взяла книгу, лежавшую на столе.
9. Учитель внимательно прочитал сочинения, написанные учениками.
10. Они посмотрели на девочку, сидящую у озера.
| Сравните употребление Present Participleи Perfect Participle Buying –покупая having bought -купив Perfect Participleвыражает действие, которое предшествует действию, выраженному глаголу в личной форме. |
6.1.10 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Participle:
1. Having lost his address I couldn’t write to him.
2. Having traveled about Europe for two months, he returned home.
3. She went home, having finished her work.
4. Having shaken hands with them, we continued our way.
5. Having collected all the necessary materials, he began writing the report.
6. Having made the report, Tom left the classroom.
7. Having answered all the questions, she began retelling the text.
8. Having checked the compositions, the teacher gave them out to the pupils.
9. Having read the book, I gave it back to the library.
10. Having got the telegram, I gave it to my mother.
6.1.11 Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Participle или Perfect Participle:
1. (to write) out all the new words, I started to learn them.
2. (to live) in Kiev, he was able to see all the ancient monuments.
3. (to hear) my friend’s voice, I left the room to open the door.
4. We went home, (to look) through the documents.
5. (to drink) coffee she was talking to her pall.
6. (to go) down the street, the boy was looking back from time to time.
7. (to throw) the ball, the little girl ran home.
8. (to know) French well the pupils can translate the text.
9. (to see) a stranger the dog started barking.
10. (to find) the keys we were able to open the door.
6.1.12 Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя Present Participle или Perfect Participle:
1.Прожив много лет в Англии, он хорошо разговаривает по-англий-
ски.
2. Живя в Китае, они изучали культуру этой страны.
3. Проведя месяц на побережье, я почувствовала себя лучше.
4. Увидев своих друзей, мальчик подошел к ним.
5. Добравшись до места, они постучались в двери.
6. Читая эту книгу, я встретил много незнакомых слов.
7. Сделав домашнее задание, он пошел гулять.
8. Она смотрела на человека, стоящего на берегу.
9. Люди закричали, увидев своего кумира.
10. Встретив своих друзей, она очень обрадовалась.
6.1.13 Раскройте скобки ,используя необходимую форму причастия:
1. (to have) dinner, he went out.
2. (to examine) by the doctor, the patient could not stop talking.
3. All the children looked at me (to listen) with great attention.
4. She felt tired (to run) such a long distance.
5. The wind blew (to bring) the smell of coffee.
6. (to hear) the man’s steps the wolf disappeared.
7. (to run) in anger, he gave me money with trembling hands.
8. There are some people (to come) in now.
9. (to translate) two articles, he decided to have a break.
10. While (to discuss) the problem, we sat on the window sill.
6.1.14 Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя необходимую форму причастия:
1. Услышав голос отца, он вышел из комнаты, чтобы открыть ему дверь.
2. Переходя дорогу, будьте осторожны.
3. Она стояла посреди комнаты, глядя на разбитые тарелки.
4. Не читай, лежа в кровати.
5. Добравшись до берега, пловец немного отдохнул.
6. Книга, которую сейчас обсуждают – последнее сочинение этого писателя.
7. Вот новые журналы, присланные для нашего офиса.
8. Песня, которую поют, была написана несколько лет тому назад.
9. Я всегда с удовольствием читаю статьи, написанные этим журналистом.
10. Став независимой, Украина начала развивать отношения с со странами восточной и западной Европы.
| Независимый причастный оборот Nominative Absolute Participial Construction -это оборот, в котором причастие выражает действие, которое не относится к особе или предмету, обозначенному подлежащим предложения. The weather being fine,we spent the whole day in the country. Так как погода была чудесной,мы провели весь день за городом. |
6.1.15 Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот:
1. My brother having lost the key, we couldn’t enter the house.
2. The wind being favourable, the ship will reach the shore in time.
3. The teacher being ill, the lesson was put off.
4. The sun having set, they continued their way.
5. The weather having changed, he decided to stay at home.
6. The work having been finished, the workers went home.
7. This being understood, the discussion was over.
8. The task done, all the pupils handed in their exercise-books.
9. Supper being over, mother went to the sitting-room to rest.
10. The winter being cold, we spent three months in the city.
6.1.16 Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот:
1. Так как времени осталось немного, мы вынуждены были поспешить.
2. Был чудесный день, в небе не было ни облачка.
3. Если август будет теплым, я поеду к морю.
4. Мальчик стоял молча, глаза его были опущены.
5. Когда фильм закончился. Люди покинули зал.
6. Старая женщина рассказала свою историю, глаза ее наполнились слезами.
7. Так как было поздно, мы пошли домой.
8. Когда солнце поднялось, туристы продолжили поход.
9. когда дело было закончено, они решили отпраздновать это событие.
10. Если время позволит, мы посетим один музей.
Generation Gap
6.1.17 Ответьте на вопросы по теме:
1. What does the phrase “Generation Gap” mean?
2. When do young people experience conflicts with their parents?
3. What sets a conflict between two generations?
4. What do teenagers especially need at the age of adolescence from their parents?
5. What are the values of the youth today?
6. How do you cope with your problems?
6.1.18 Соотнесите слова с их определениями:
generation - a grown up person
gap - a period of time between 13-19 years old
adult - all people of the same age
adolescence - an empty space between two objects
generation gap - a small child, who has just learnt to walk
teenager - lack of understanding between young and old
people
baby - a young person of between 13-19 years old
toddler - a newborn child
6.1.19 Вставьте в пропуски подходящие по смыслу слова (три слова лишние):
| Pleading, to say, include, hand, based, tolerant, such, adults, waiting, animals, ashamed, alternative, school, polite, here, manners, back, public, to buy |
Teaching Good Manners
Today in Britain there is disagreement over how children should be taught to be … . Should parents force their children … “please” and “thank you”, for instance? Or are there … methods they could use?
Most parents still believe that teaching good … to their children is essential. However, it does seem ironic that the methods still often include bullying, … and threats.
On the other … , there are some ... which have a completely different attitude. Their philosophy is … on the idea that a small child will copy adults. … should set a good example. In addition, adults should be more … . Children shouldn’t be expected, for instance, to sit perfectly still while they are … for food in a café.
The good manners of Britain today date back to the last century when children were considered to be ... who needed to be trained before they could be accepted into adult society. Yet in countries … as Brazil, children can be seen everywhere with adults and their behaviour is nothing to be … of. So, perhaps if children in Britain were allowed to be seen more in … , they would be able to behave much better.
6.1.20 Отработайте произношение слов, уточнив транскрипцию по словарю:
| to explode v | взрывать, разразиться |
| hoary adj | древний |
| fairly adv | довольно, в некоторой степени |
| sheer adj | абсолютный, полный |
| joy n | радость, счастье |
| opinion n | мнение |
| to interfere v | мешать, противоречить |
| subjection n | зависимость, подчинение |
| nostalgic adj | тоскующий по прошлому |
| unflattering adj | нелестный |
| curfew n | комендантский час |
| marital law | военное положение |
| to suppose v | полагать, думать |
| to apply v | применять |
| dire adj | ужасный, жуткий |
| warning n | предупреждение |
| to follow v | следовать |
| ignorance n | невежество |
| inability n | неспособность |
| abject adj | крайний, ужасный |
| nightmare n | кошмар |
| invariably adv | неизменно, постоянно |
| to face v | столкнуться |
| painful adj | болезненный |
| to emerge from v | выходить |
| adolescence n | юность, переходный возраст |
| to rebel v | бунтовать, возражать |
| violently adv | сильно, яростно |
| lack n | недостаток, отсутствие |
| self confidence n | уверенность в себе |
| appearance n | внешность |
| awkward adj | неуклюжий |
| clumsy adj | неповоротливый, нескладный |
| elation n | восторг |
| despair n | отчаяние |
| turmoil n | беспорядок |
| hostile adj | враждебный |
| relief n | облегчение |
| to regain v | возвращать |
| approval n | одобрение |
| to tease v | дразнить |
| to ridicule v | высмеивать |
| heartless adj | бессердечный, жестокий |
6.1.21 Переведите данные слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
To explode a bomb, a sheer joy, to feel joy, in my opinion, public opinion, subjection of women, nostalgic memories, to apply a rule, to apply the new method, dire days, a dire warning, police warning, to receive a warning, total ignorance, an abject fear, to face the facts, to face one’s fears, lack of self-confidence, deep despair, to give relief, to my relief, to regain balance.
6.1.22 Прочитайте и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. She suddenly exploded with tears.
2. God give you joy!
3. He has a high opinion of himself.
4. Nothing must interfere with our plans for the weekend.
5. This rule applies to all.
6. They expressed relief that the crisis was over.
7. I began to regain confidence.
8. Children invariably face their fears alone.
9. They feel shy, awkward and clumsy.
10. You are no longer teased, punished or ridiculed by heartless adults.
6.1.23 Подберите синонимичные пары слов:
| hoary to explode fairly sheer joy opinion subjection to suppose dire invariably to face violently lack awkward turmoil hostile | to think clumsy unfriendly to confront belief absolute strongly shortage constantly ancient to burst rather delight horrible dependence disorder |
6.1.24 Переведите слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
Чувствовать радость, по моему мнению, общественное мнение, применить новый метод, столкнуться лицом к лицу со своими страхами, отсутствие самоуверенности, глубокое отчаяние, невероятный восторг, быть неуклюжим, подростковый возраст, приходить к нелестным выводам, яростно бунтовать против родительского авторитета.