Выражение настоящего времени

1. Present simple (V/Vs)- когда говорим о регулярно повторяющихся, постоянных действиях(констатация факта). He swims well. I go to school by bus.

2. Present Simple (V/Vs)- когда говорим о процессах в природе и обществе. The Earth goes round the Sun.

3. Present Simple (V/Vs)- когда говорим о расписании, программе, спортивных комментариях, эмоционально окрашенных повествованиях. The show starts at 9 o’clock.

4. Present Continuous (am/is/are + Ving)-когда говорим о действии, которое происходит в момент речи. Look! Kate is smoking.

5. Present Continuous (am/is/are + Ving)-когда говорим о временном действии. I speak English and now I’m studying French.

6. Present Continuous (am/is/are +Ving)-когда говорим об изменяющейся ситуации. It’s getting colder and colder.

7. Present Continuous (am/is/are + Ving)-когда выражаем недовольство, раздражение, гнев со словами always, constantly. He is always asking stupid questions.

8. Present Continuous (am/is/are + Ving)-несколько параллельных длительных действий. John is reading a book and Mary is watching TV.

9. Present Perfect Continuous (have/has +been+ Ving)-

a)знаем, когда действие началось в прошлом, длилось некоторое время и всё ещё длится(не закончилось) John has been watching TV since 5 o’clock.

b)действиеначалось в прошлом, длилось и закончилось недавно, но имеет видимый результат в настоящем(результат на лицо). She is very dirty. She has been painting the walls in the bedroom (the whole day).

Косвенная речь. Согласование времён

*При переводе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, если вводное предложение стоит Past Simple (He said … , She told … ), то происходит сдвиг времен.

Прямая речь =>	Вводное предложение	Косвенная речь
Present Simple «I live in London», he said.	He said (That)	Past simple helivedin London.
Present Continuous	I was told (that)	Past Continuous mother was sleeping.
Am
Is + Ving
Are
Mother is sleeping.
Present Perfect Past Simple He has returned from Minsk. We bought a new car.	He knew (that) They said (That)	Past Perfect he had returned from Minsk. they had bought a new car.
Future Simple He will send us a letter.	I supposed (That)	Future – in – the – Past he would send us a letter.

Вопросы

Общие вопросы		He asked	*Порядок слов как в утвердительном предложении.
(wanted to
1. «Are you watching TV?»	know,	1. I was watching TV.
2. «Do you play chess?»	wondered)	2. I played chess.
3. «Does she go to school?»	If	3. she went to school.
4. «Have you done your work?»	(whether)	4. I had done my work.
5. «Did you skate last week?»		5. I had skated last week.
6. «Will you see your friend?»		6. I should see my friend.
Специальные вопросы	He asked
1. «What are you doing?»	(wanted to	1. what I was doing.
2. «Where do you live?»	know,	2. where I lived.
3. «What have you done?»	wondered)	3. what I had done.
4. «When did you come?»		4. when I had come.
5. «When will your mother come?»		5. when my mother would come.

Обстоятельства времени

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
Today Yesterday Tomorrow …ago This… These… Here Last year Next	That day The day before The next day … before That … Those… There… The year before The following…

Повелительные предложения

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
1. Mother shouted, «Come here at once».	+ tell, ask, command, order, beg, request + to + V 1. Mother ordered me to come to her at once.
2. Mother said, «Don’t stay there long».	- tell, ask, command, order, beg, request + not + to + V 2. Mother ordered me not to stay there long.