Все времена действительного залога
(Tenses in Active Voice)
| Present | Past | Future | |
| Simple (Indefinite) 1. Факт 2. Регулярное действие | He is a pupil. Is he a pupil? He goes to school every day. Does he go to school every day? every day (week), usually, often, always, seldom, rarely, never, sometimes, occasionally | He was a pupil last year. Was he a pupil last year? He went to school yesterday. Did he go to school yesterday? yesterday, last year (week), ago | He will be a pupil next year. Will he be a pupil next year? He will go to school tomorrow. Will he go to school tomorrow? next year (month), tomorrow, in (a week) |
| Continuous (Progressive) действие, происходящее в определенный момент (know, consider, believe, want, like, feel, love, think) | He is reading now. Is he reading now? now, at present, at the moment, still, while Look! Listen! | He was reading. Was he reading? 1. at 5, the whole day yesterday 2. from 5 till 7 last Sunday 3. when I came | He will be reading. Will he be reading? 1. at 5 tomorrow 2. from 5 till 7 tomorrow 3. when I come |
| Perfect действие, совершенное к определенному моменту | He has already read this book. Has he read this book yet? already, just, never, ever, yet, recently, lately, this year (week), today | He had read the book. Had he read the book? 1. By 5 o’clock 2. When I came before, after | He will have read this book. Will he have read this book? 1. by 5 tomorrow 2. When I come |
| Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive) действие, начавшееся до определенного момента и продолжающееся в этот момент | He has been reading the book 1. Since 2 o’clock 2. For 3 hours But: I have known him for 2 years | He had been reading the book for 2 hours 1. By 5 o’clock 2. When I came | He will have been reading the book for 2 hours. Will he have been reading the book for 2 hours? 1. By 5 o’clock 2. when I come |
Таблица 2
Таблица всех времен в страдательном залоге
(Tenses in Passive Voice)
| Present | Past | Future | Future in-the-Past | |
| Simple (Indefinite) | Letters are written every day | The letter was written yesterday | The letter will be written tomorrow | (He said that) the letter would be written the next day |
| Continuous (Progressive) | The letter is being written now | The letter was being written at 5 o’clock yesterday | ______ | ______ |
| Perfect | The letter has already been written | The letter had been writtenby 5 o’clock yesterday | The letter will have been written by 5 o’clock tomorrow | (He said that) he would have been writtenby 5 o’clock the next day |
| Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive) | _______ | _______ | _______ | _______ |
Таблица 3
Правила согласования времен
(Sequence of Tenses)
| Сдвиг времен в придаточном дополнительном при главном предложении в прошедшем времени | |
| Present Simple – Past Simple Present Continuous – Past Continuous | Действие придаточного предложения происходит одновременно с действием главного. |
 Present Perfect  Past Perfect Past Simple | Действие придаточного предложения предшествует действию главного. |
| Future – Future-in-the-Past | Действие придаточного предложения совершается позже действия главного. |
Употребляя простые предложения в роли придаточных дополнительных при главном предложении в прошедшем времени, сдвигайте времена, как указано в таблице:
| He lives in New York. I thought that he lived in New York. Mother is sleeping. I knew that mother was sleeping. | Одновременное действие Одновременное действие |
| He has returned from London. I was told that he had returned from London. He bought a new car. I heard that he had bought a new car. | Предшествующее действие Предшествующее действие |
| He will send us a letter. I supposed that he would send us a letter. | Последующее действие |
Таблица 4