II. Образуйте причастие I от следующих глаголов, переведите словосочетания на русский язык
(to pass by) people – passing by people, a girl (to write on the blackboard), the sun (to rise), people (to gather), a (to paint) man, a (to work) crane
III. Употребите возвратные местоимения
1. He wants to build a house … . 2. She washed the flat… . 3. You will finish the work… . 4. Look at … in the mirror. 5. We shall tell her everything … . 6. Help … !
IV. Образуйте от глаголов причастие II, переведите словосочетания на русский язык.
an (to establish) institution – an established institution, a (to dig) soil, a (to paint) house, a (to repair) flat, a (to throw) rubbish, operations (to mechanize)
V. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на видовременные формы страдательного залога.
1. My question was answered yesterday. 2. Many houses are built in our town every year. 3. This text was translated at the last lesson. 4.They shall be met at the station by a man from the travel bureau. 5. The bridge will be built next summer. 6. A lot of new flats are received by people every year.
VI. Перепишите предложения, обратите внимание на придаточные предложения; переведите их на русский язык.
1. If Tom saw a car crash, he would telephone the police and help the people in the cars. 2. My parents would have enjoyed the play, if they had had good seats. 3. If it rains tomorrow, our game will be cancelled. 4. If he had known it was going to rain, he would have taken his umbrella. 5. If only I had more pocket money, I could buy some new English books. 6. If you are not sure what to say, you will have to guess.
VII. Прочитайте текст, переведите его письменно и ответьте на вопросы после текста.
Mobile Cranes
The function of a crane is to hoist or lower a load suspended from its jib. Various types of cranes are used, the type and size depends on the following factors: the nature of the work, on which it is to operate; the weight of load it has to handle.
Mobile cranes have a wide range of uses on building and civil engineering works of construction. Cranes of this type usually take the form of a frame carrying a jib, a winch, and other necessary hoisting and controlling equipment. The whole being mounted on a cast-iron bedplate fitted with road wheels of the pneumatic type. One may also have them mounted on caterpillar tracks or on a lorry chassis if desired.
Rope-operated mobile cranes are being superseded by hydraulically operated ones, in which all working operations, but traveling, are performed with the help of hydraulic rams. The jib of the mobile crane can be of the solid or latticed type, the latter being preferred now because of its lower weight.
Mobile Cranes with Telescope Booms
There has been a rapid development of mobile cranes with telescopic booms in the last decades. This type of boom consists of several rectangular hollow steel sections of decreasing size starting from the lowest section, so that they can slide, one within another, to increase or decrease the length of the boom, thus varying the load-lifting capacity of the crane. The telescopic action is performed by a separate hydraulic ram for each moving section. The boom is lifted or lowed by one or two hydraulic rams.
The telescope boom enables the crane to be brought into action from the traveling position in a few minutes.
The weight of the telescopic boom for a given load-lifting capacity is greater than that of any other type of ordinary boom. That is why there is now a tendency towards the use of lattice construction for sliding sections so as to reduce the weight of the boom.
Tower Crane Remote Control Programming System
Tower cranes are used for assembling large-size prefabricated elements. In addition to hoisting and conveying they also perform the operation of placing the elements in accordance with the construction project.
The programming control system is to accomplish this task. The crane fulfils this operation under the remote radio control of the warehouse scaffolder, on the on hand, and the main in charge of assembling, on the other.
The automatic system provides the lifting of loads to a permissible height and takes the shortest route to deliver it to the assigned place at a minimum time. The use of control programming system ensures most favorable and safe operating conditions for all crane mechanisms. The system increases the labour capacity, reduces operating costs.
Wordlist
| civil engineering to hoist jib (boom) latticed load-lifting capacity | гражданское строительство поднимать стрела крана решетчатый грузоподъемность |
Questions
1. What types of cranes do you know? 2. On what factors does the type of crane depend? 3. What types of mobile cranes do you know? 4. Why are mobile cranes with telescope booms widely used? 5. What does the remote control programming system provide?
Список литературы:
1. Н.И. Ажищев, Ф.С.Суэта «Пособие по английскому языку для строительных техникумов» Москва «Высшая школа» 1978 г., 96 с.
2. А.И. Бурлак «Учебник Английского Языка. для студентов архитектурных и инженерно-строительных специальностей вузов» Москва «Высшая Школа» 1982 г. – 247 с.
3. Г. Выборова, К. Махмурян, О. Мельчина «Easy English» базовый курс. Учебник для учащихся средней школы и студентов неязыковых вузов.
Москва «АСТ – ПРЕСС» 2001 г., 384 с.
4. Г. Выборова, К. Махмурян «Сборник упражнений по английской грамматике». Москва «АСТ- ПРЕСС» 2000 г., 176 с.
5. Ю. Голицынский «Грамматика. Сборник упражнений». КАРО Санкт-Петербург 2002 г., 544 с.
6. Е.В. Горбунова, М.М. Гришина «Современный город. Пособие по английскому языку» Москва «Высшая Школа» 1986 г. – 143 с.
7. М.Э. Еникеева, А.В. Зеленщиков «Английский для самостоятельной работы» Санкт-Петербург 2000 г.
8. А.П. Старков, Р.Р. Диксон, Б.С. Островский “English 7th year”. Санкт-Петербург «Специальная Литература» 1998 г., 364 с.