Text B. University Education in Great Britain

The UK has a vast variety of higher education establishments including universities, university colleges, technical colleges and other specialized colleges (teachers training colleges, commercial colleges, etc.) for students from both the UK and around the world.

There are about 100 universities in Britain. They can be divided into three types: the old universities (Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh Universities), the 19th century universities such as London and Manchester universities, and the new or provincial universities. Some years ago there were also polytechnics. After graduating from a polytechnic a student got a degree, but it was not a university degree. 31 former polytechnics were given a university status in 1992.

Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take “A” level examinations in two or three subjects. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their “A” level results, although they may interview them as well. The more popular the university, the higher the grades it will ask for. In 1971 the Open University was started, where these formal qualifications are not necessary. Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students follow its degree courses on radio and television or online.

Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study, although a number of subjects take longer, including architecture, medicine and dentistry courses (5-7 years) and foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). They lead in most cases to a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Science. Many students then continue their studies for various postgraduate degrees, including Master and Doctor of Philosophy. The last two are awarded for research in arts or sciences.

At universities students attend large formal lectures given by lecturers and professors, but most of the work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups of ten or more when students discuss their individual work with a lecturer (tutor). The tutorial system is characteristic of the students' studies in British universities.

The tuition fee in Britain is very high, higher than in other countries. From 2007, universities in the UK are allowed to charge British students up to £3,000 - £4,000 per year. This differs from university to university. Students from the EU have to pay the same fees as students from the UK, but the fees for international students can range from £9,000 right up to £13,000 per year or even more for some degrees.

At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive grants from their local authorities, which cover the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses (books, accommodation, transport and food). Parents with higher incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990, the grants did not have to be paid back, but now a system of loans has been introduced.

Most students choose to go to university a long way from their home town. University life is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home (in flats or halls of residence) and develop new interests.

Vocabulary

vast, adj	огромный, большой
variety, n	разнообразие, многообразие
former, adj	бывший, старый
take “A” level examinations in	сдавать экзамены продвинутого уровня по
formal qualification, n	формальный результат
a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Science	степень бакалавра гуманитарных или естественных наук
a Master’s degree	степень магистра
award, v	присуждать
tuition fee, n	плата за обучение
charge, v	требовать, запрашивать цену
range (from), v	колебаться в пределах
grant, n	стипендия; дотация, субсидия
authority, n	власть
cover the cost of, v	покрывать стоимость чего-либо
expenses, n	затраты, расходы
accommodation, n	жилье
income, n	доход
loan, n	заем, ссуда

I. Make sure you know the words to text B.

II. Read the text 'University Education in Great Britain'. Find the answers to the following questions in the text.

1. What do British higher education establishments include? 2. How can young people gain admission to a university? 3. How long do undergraduate courses normally last? 4. What is the process of study at British Universities? 5. What support do students get from the state?

III. Make up the plan of text B. Retell the text according to your plan.

IV. Make up a summary of the text 'University Education in Great Britain'.

V. Compare the British and the Russian systems of higher education. Discuss the merits and the demerits of both systems.

VI. Read the text “Oxford” and find the answers to the following questions.

1. What makes Oxford and Cambridge so special? 2. When was one of the first colleges in Oxford founded? 3. How many colleges does the University consist of? 4. When did women begin to study at Oxford? 5. What is Oxford famous for? 6. Is it easy to get a place to study at Oxford? 7. How old is Bodleian library? 8. Which is older: Oxford University or Cambridge University?

Oxford

What is so special about Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest universities in England? Why do so many students want to study there?

Both of these university towns are very beautiful. They have some of the finest architecture in Britain. Some of their colleges, chapels and libraries are three, four and even five hundred years old, and are full of valuable books and precious paintings. Both towns have many lovely gardens, where the students can read and relax in the summer months.

Oxford is the older university of the two. The first of its colleges was founded in 1249. The university now has thirty-four colleges and about twelve thousand students, many of them from other countries. There were no women students at Oxford until 1878, when the first women’s college, Lady Margaret Hall, opened. Now, women study at most colleges.

Oxford is, of course, famous for its first class education as well as its beautiful buildings. Some of the most intelligent men and women in the country live and work here. Oxford gives them what they need: a quiet atmosphere, friendly colleagues, and the four-hundred-year-old Bodleian library, which has about five million books.

It is not easy to get a place at Oxford University to study for a degree. But outside the university there are many smaller private colleges which offer less difficult courses and where it is easy to enrol. Most students in these private schools take business, secretarial or English language courses.

CONVERSATION

Tula State University

Vocabulary

to be founded	быть основанным
to be on the staff	быть в штате
science, n	наука
scientist, n	ученый
scientific, adj	научный
mathematics, n	математика
mathematician, n	математик
department, n	кафедра, отделение
day (time) department	дневное отделение
evening department	вечернее отделение
correspondence department	заочное отделение
research, n	исследовательская работа
to carry out research	проводить исследовательскую работу
engineering	техника
instrument engineering	приборостроение
civil engineering	гражданское строительство
to introduce new methods	внедрить новые методы
to present /to submit a thesis (pl. theses)	защищать диссертацию
post-graduate, n	аспирант
post-graduate courses	аспирантура
to take post-graduate courses	учиться в аспирантуре
to train, v	обучать, готовить

e.g. The University trains highly qualified specialists in various branches of science.

to work hard at smth.

упорно работать над чем-либо

e.g. One has to work hard at a foreign language to know it well.

to have a good command of the language	хорошо владеть языком
examination /exam (in)	экзамен
entrance exam	вступительный экзамен
final exam	выпускной экзамен
to prepare for an exam	готовиться к экзамену
to take an exam	держать экзамен
to pass an exam	сдать экзамен
to failin an examination	провалиться на экзамене
to fail in literature	провалиться по литературе
to get profound knowledge	получать глубокие знания
to deliver lectures	читать лекции
to master, v	осваивать
term, n	семестр
to be a first year student	учиться на первом курсе
to attend (to miss) lectures	посещать (пропускать) лекции
to make progress in	делать успехи
to do one's best	сделать все возможное

Names of Institutes

The Institute of High-Precision Systems named after V.P. Gryazev		Институт высокоточных систем им. В.П. Грязева
The Institute of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences		Институт прикладной математики и компьютерных наук
The Polytechnical Institute   The Institute of Mining and Civil Engineering		Политехнический институт   Институт горного дела и строительства
The Institute of Natural Sciences		Естественно-научный институт
The Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences		Институт гуманитарных и социальных наук
The Institute of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism		Институт физической культуры, спорта и туризма
The Institute of Law and Management		Институт права и управления
The Institute of International Education		Институт международного образования
The Medical Institute		Медицинский институт
The Technical College named after S.I. Mosin		Технический колледж им. С.И. Мосина
The Internet-Institute		Интернет-институт
The Faculty of Pre-University Education		Факультет довузовской подготовки
The Faculty of Evening and Extramural Education		Факультет вечернего и заочного обучения

Names of Subjects

history		descriptive geometry
a foreign language		drawing
physics		strength of materials
mathematics		theoretical mechanics
chemistry		theory of metals
electrical engineering		electronics
law		philosophy

Text. Tula State University

The history of Tula State University starts in 1930 when a mechanical institute was founded in Tula. At first the institute had 4 faculties and 240 students studied there. Now it is one of the largest education establishments in our country.

Well - known scientists were on the staff at different times: mathematician V.I. Zhivago, chemist F.K. Gerke, Honoured Scientists F.V. Sedykin and V.F. Bobrov, doctors of sciences D.I. Burtsev, L.N. Litvinov and others.

Now the University has 12 institutes, 2 faculties (pre-university education, and evening and extramural education) and 79 departments. The University is housed in 13 blocks, situated mainly in Lenin Avenue, the main street of Tula.

The student population is more than 16000. They study either at the day department, at the evening and correspondence departments or at the I-Institute of TSU.

The University has a splendid scientific library for reference and research. It contains more than 1.500.000 books. There are several reading-rooms, an Internet hall and an e-library.

Graduates get degrees in a great variety of specialities (about 150): in machine-building, instrument-engineering, civil engineering, humanities, economics and medicine areas. Active research is being carried out at the University to find out and introduce new efficient teaching methods.

The University has a number of scientific schools which have got recognition both in our country and abroad.

Professors, Associate Professors and lecturers deliver lectures on various subjects.

At the University there are several specialized academic councils on awarding doctor’s and candidate’s degrees. About 5 doctor’s and 70 candidate’s theses are annually submitted. Today about 400 postgraduates are taking postgraduate courses at the University.

International relations of the University are expanding. Students from abroad have been trained at the University since 1962. They come from various countries.

The University has a polyclinic and a sanatorium for students and staff. A sports complex with play grounds, gymnasiums and swimming-pools is available for students as well.

I. Study the words. Read the text 'Tula State University' and ask your fellow students:

1) when Tula State University was founded; 2) if the University is one of the largest education establishments in our country; 3) where the University is situated; 4) how many blocks the University is housed in; 5) how many institutes the University includes; 6) what institute he (she) studies at; 7) where the director’s office of his (her) institute is situated; 8) who is the director of his (her) institute; 9) what year student he (she) is; 10) when he (she) got into the University; 11) if he (she) lives in a hostel; 12) how long the training course at the University lasts.

II. Name:

a) the people who work and study at the University;

b) the institutes of the University;

c) the subjects studied at the University.

III. Give synonyms for the following word combinations:

to be present at lectures; to leave school; to be a first year student; to be absent from lectures; correspondence department; to be housed; education institution.

IV. Give antonyms for the following:

to attend lectures; to pass an examination; to be good at a subject; to miss lectures; part-time students; final examinations; to enter the University; a fresher.

V. Say in English:

учиться на втором курсе; быть высококвалифицированным специалистом; делать успехи по физике; читать лекции по математике; поступить в университет; хорошо успевать по иностранному языку; закончить университет; закончить школу; не выдержать экзамен; сделать все возможное; сдать экзамен.

VI. Make sure that you can translate the following sentences both ways: from English into Russian and from Russian into English.

1. To enter the University one has to pass entrance exams successfully.	1. Чтобы поступить в университет, нужно успешно сдать вступительные экзамены.
2. The University has many professors and highly qualified specialists on its staff.	2. В штате университета много профессоров и высококвалифицированных преподавателей.
3. They deliver lectures on various subjects.	3. Они читают лекции по различным предметам.
4. Those who make progress in science take post-graduate courses.	4. Те, кто делают успехи в науке, учатся в аспирантуре.
5. The academic year is divided into 2 terms.	5. Учебный год в университете делится на 2 семестра.
6. At the end of each term students pass credit tests.	6. В конце каждого семестра студенты сдают зачеты.
7. The whole course of studies takes 5 or 6 years.	7. Полный курс обучения длится 5 или 6 лет.
8. At the end of the whole course students submit graduation papers.	8. В конце всего курса обучения студенты защищают дипломные работы.

VII. Give the definitions.

Example: a fresher
A fresher is a first year student.

A post-graduate, entrance exams, a full-time student, a part-time student, profound knowledge, final exams, a highly qualified specialist.

VIII. What do you do if (when)

... your classes are over?

... the academic year is over?

... the term is over?

... you pass your exams successfully?

... you fail in an examination?

IX. Say in English.

1. Я учусь в Тульском Государственном Университете, в естественно-научном институте. 2. Мой отец учился на механико-математическом факультете много лет назад. 3. Мы изучаем физику, математику, черчение и другие предметы. 4. Я учу второй иностранный язык, т.к. хочу стать высококвалифицированным специалистом. 5. Завтра занятия начнутся в 7.45. 6. Студенты нашего университета слушают лекции, проводят эксперименты в лабораториях, пишут курсовые работы. 7. Мы сдаем экзамены 2 раза в год. 8. В прошлом семестре я не сдал физику. Физика всегда была моим слабым местом. 9. На каком факультете учится твой брат? 10. Мой друг не принимает активного участия в научно-исследовательской работе.

X. Speak about the institute (faculty) you study at. Why have you chosen this particular institute?

XI. Advertise your university to a group of foreign students. Explain why you’ve become a student of this university.

DIALOGUES

a) Read the dialogues in pairs.

I.

A. My brother is a third-year student.

B. Does he study at Tula State University?

A. Yes, he does. He studies at the Medical Institute. And what about you?

B. I study at the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences, I am a first-year student.

II.

A. What is your future speciality?

B. My speciality is robotics.

A. Where do industrial robots work?

B. They work in dangerous environments, for example under extreme high or low temperatures.

III.

A. When did you finish school?

B. In 2014.

A. And when did you get into the Institute?

B. A year later.

IV.

A. Did you pass your winter exams successfully?

B. Unfortunately, I didn’t. I failed in mathematics. Mathematics was always my week point.

b) Complete the following dialogues.

I.

A. Sorry, but where is the director’s office of your institute located?

B. ...

A. By the way, who is the director of your institute?

B. ...

II.

A. ...

B. I am a first year student.

A. ...

B. I try to do my best.

III.

A. Oh, I see you are a student. What faculty are you at?

B. ...

A. What foreign language do you study?

B. ...

JUST FOR FUN

I. Read the following sayings and explain them.

· Knowledge is power.

· A man is never too old to learn.

· Where there is a will there is a way.

· Live and learn.

II. Read the jokes and retell them to your friend.

***

Prof.: “Before we begin the examination are there any questions?”
Stud.: “What’s the name of this course?”

***

Math. teacher: “Now we find that X is equal to zero”.
Stud.: “Gee! All that work for nothing!”
__________________
Gee! - восклицание удивления или недовольства

***

At a college examination a professor said: “Does the question embarrass you?”

“Not at all, sir,” replied the student, “not at all. It is the answer that bothers me.”

__________________
embarrass, v - смущать, затруднять
bother, v - тревожить, беспокоить

***

In one of college classes the professor was unable to stay for the class, so he placed a sign on the door which read as follows: “Professor Blank will be unable to meet his classes today.”

Some college lad, seeing his chance to display his sense of humor after reading the notice, walked up and erased the “c” in the word “classes”. The professor noticing the laughter wheeled around, walked back, looked at the student, then at the sign with the “c” erased - calmly walked up and erased the “l” in “lasses”, looked at the flabbergasted student and proceeded on his way.

___________________

wheel around, v - повернуться, обернуться назад

lass, n - девушка

ass, n – осел

flabbergasted, аdj - ошеломленный

proceeded on one’s way – продолжить свой путь

Unit 3

G r a m m a r: 1. Continuous Tenses. Active Voice Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous 2. Word-building. The suffixes of nouns T e x t s: Text A. Travelling by low-cost carriers Text B. Transport for tourism     C o n v e r s a t i o n:How to give and ask about directions

Г р а м м а т и ч е с к и й м а т е р и а л

1. Времена группы Continuous.

(Continuous Tenses. Продолженные времена)

Времена группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) выражают незаконченное действие, т. е. действие в процессе его совершения. Времена группы Continuous образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия настоящего времени (Present Participle) смыслового глагола.

to be asking
PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
am is asking are	was asking were	shall be asking will

Present Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I am asking He is asking We are asking	Am I asking ? Is he asking ? Are we asking ?	I am not asking He is not asking We are not asking

Запомните!

1. а) При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол to be ставится перед подлежащим;

б) при образовании отрицательной формы отрицание not ставится после вспомогательного глагола to be.

Present Continuous Tense употребляется для

а) выражения действия, происходящего в момент речи или в отрезок времени, к которому момент речи относится.

The students are busy now, they are writing their test papers.

Студенты сейчас заняты, они пишут контрольную работу.

Scientists all over the world are looking for new scientific methods.

Ученые всего мира ищут новые научные методы;

б) выражения действия, запланированного на ближайшее будущее.

They are coming here in three weeks.

Они приедут (приезжают) через три недели.

I am seeing them on Saturday

Я встречусь (встречаюсь) с ними в воскресенье.

Для выражения намерения совершить действие в ближайшем будущем используется to go в форме Present Continuous с последующим инфинитивом с частицей to. На русский язык часто переводится словом собираться.

I am going to write a letter.

Я собираюсь написать письмо.

Сравните использование различных времен в английском языке для выражения будущего действия:

be going to	1. Намерение совершить действие в будущем.	I’m going to leave next week.
2. Действие произойдет, т.к. имеются предпосылки для того, чтобы оно произошло.	He’s going to fall off his bike.
will	1. Решение совершить действие в будущем, принятое в момент речи.	No problem, I will phone her now.
2. Обещание, желание/нежелание совершить действие.	I won’t do it.
3. Просьба.	Will you help me?
shall	Предложение.	Shall I book a taxi for you?

Past Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I was asking We were asking	Was I asking ? Were we asking ?	I was not asking We were not asking

Past Continuous Tense употребляется для выражения длительного незаконченного действия, имевшего место в определенный момент или период времени в прошлом. Этот момент или период времени может быть выражен:

а) обстоятельствами типа:

at 7 o’clock yesterday	-	вчера в 7 часов;
from 2 to 5 o’clock last Sunday	-	в прошлое воскресенье с 2-х до 5-и часов;
all day long	-	весь день;
all the time	-	все время;
the whole day	-	целый день.

I was working in the library the whole day yesterday.

Вчера я целый день работал в библиотеке.

б) другим действием в прошлом, выраженным глаголом в Past Indefinite Tense.

We were discussing a very important problem when he came in.

Мы обсуждали очень важную проблему, когда он вошел.

Запомните!

Глаголы в Past Continuous Tense переводятся на русский язык глаголами прошедшего времени несовершенного вида.

Future Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I shall be asking He will be asking	Shall I be asking ? Will he be asking ?	I shall not be asking He will not be asking

Обратите внимание!

а) При образовании вопросительной формы первый вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим;

б) при образовании отрицательной формы отрицание not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола.

Future Continuous Tense употребляется для выражения действия, которое будет происходить в определенный момент или период времени в будущем. Этот момент или период времени может быть выражен:

а) обстоятельствами типа:

at 5 o’clock tomorrow	-	завтра в 5 часов;
from 5 till 7 next Saturday	-	с 5-ти до 7-и в следующую субботу; и т. п.

Tomorrow they will be translating the article from 5 till 6.

Они будут переводить статью с 5-и до 6-и завтра.

б) другим действием в будущем, выраженным глаголом в Present Indefinite Tense.

I shall be writing the report when he comes back.

Я буду писать доклад, когда он вернется.

Обратите внимание!

Глаголы в Future Continuous Tense переводятся на русский язык глаголами будущего времени несовершенного вида.

Запомните!

Во временах группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future), как правило, не употребляются глаголы: to be - быть; to have - иметь; to see - видеть; to hear - слышать; to feel - чувствовать; to know - знать; to believe - верить; to like - нравиться; to understand - понимать; to seem - казаться; to love - любить; to hate - ненавидеть; to desire - желать; to consider - полагать; to belong - принадлежать.

2. Словообразование. Суффиксы существительных

(Word-building. The suffixes of nouns)

а) Суффиксы -er, -orобразуют имена существительные, обозначающие действующее лицо:

to teach – обучать; teacher – учитель

to listen – слушать; listener – слушатель

б) Суффикс -ian указывает на национальную принадлежность или профессию:

Russian – русский

historian – историк

в) Суффикс -ist обозначает принадлежность к политическому или научному направлению, а также профессию:

artist – художник

specialist – специалист

physicist – физик

г) Суффиксы, образующие существительные, обозначающие отвлеченные понятия:

-ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -ssion

organization – организация

compression – сжатие

explosion – взрыв

-ment

government – правительство

achievement – достижение

-ure

lecture – лекция

pressure – давление

-ance, -ence

dependence – зависимость

resistance – сопротивление

-ness (образует существительные от прилагательных)

kindness – доброта

-hood

childhood – детство

-ship

friendship – дружба

-th

long – длинный; length – длина

wide – широкий; width – ширина

-dom

kingdom – королевство

freedom – свобода

-ism

capitalism – капитализм

Exercises

I. Study the following spelling rules:

1. We add –ing to most verbs without changing the base form: wait – waiting.

2. If a verb ends in–e, omit the –e and add –ing: take – taking.

3. A single vowel followed by a single consonant doubles the final consonant: sit – sitting.

4. We double the last consonant of two-syllable verbs when the second syllable is stressed: be`gin – beginning. Compare the unstressed final syllable: `differ – differing.

5. –ic changes into –ick: picnic – picnicking; -ie changes into –y: lie-lying.

Form Participle I from the verbs given below:

to make, to eat, to write, to forget, to put, to catch, to die, to carry, to do, to take, to go, to change, to turn, to flow, to travel, to perform, to stop, to run, to observe, to panic, to get, to set.

II. Use the correct form of the verb to be to form the Present Continuous.

1. Don’t rush me. I … working as fast as I can. 2. What … you eating? It looks awful. 3. She … still waiting to see her boss. 4. He … hurrying to catch his train. 5. Why … you panicking? Calm down! 6. Young people … becoming more and more politically aware these days. 7. What … John doing nowadays? He … riding for the British cycle team. 8. We … enjoying our holiday here very much. 9. What time … he arriving tomorrow? 10. I … having treatment on my bad back these days. 11. She … running 1,500 meters in the next Olympics.

III. Choose the correct form of the verbs.

1. He speaks/is speaking French and German. 2. I don’t understand/‘m not understanding you. 3. Hurry up! I wait/’m waiting. 4. What sports do you like/are you liking? 5. We come/are coming to see you this weekend. 6. What do you do/are you doing? – I send/’m sending an e-mail. 7. Do Americans drive/Are Americans driving on the left? 8. Do you enjoy/Are you enjoying the film? - Yes, I do/am. 9. Does she need/Is she needing any help? – No, she doesn’t/isn’t. 10. Do you listen/Are you listening to the radio now? 11. I’m sorry, I can’t talk to you now. I go/‘m going out.

IV. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Continuous or the Present Indefinite.

1. Let’s go out. It (not rain) now. 2. Julia is good at languages. She (speak) four languages very well. 3. We usually (grow) vegetables in our garden, but this year we (not grow) any. 4. How is your English? – Not bad. It (improve) slowly. 5. Can we stop walking soon? I (start) to feel tired. 6. Can you drive? – I (learn). My father (teach) me. 7. We (see) our parents every week. 8. (You download) any music at the moment? 9. I (not get up) at 7 o’clock every morning. 10. Peter (write) Susan now. 11. (They work) in the restaurant at the weekend? 12. She (talk) on the mobile in her bedroom at the moment. 13. I (leave) the office at five. 14. We (go) to the beach now. 15. Sonia (look) for a place to live. She (stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere. 16. Ron is in London at the moment. He (stay) at the Paddington Hotel. He always (stay) there when he’s in London.

V. Fill in the correct form of be going to to complete these sentences.

1. When (you phone) her? 2. What (you say) to your father? 3. They ( not stay) very long. 4. I (not pay) anything. 5. (We play) tennis tomorrow? 6. She (live) in Mexico for a few months. 7. (The machine work)? 8. (Your parents have) a holiday this year? 9. They (borrow) some money from the bank. 10. I (not eat) there again. 11. Look at these clouds! It (rain). 12. Look at the sun! It (be) a hot day. 13. Luke isn’t working very hard. I think he (fail) in his exams! 14. It’s nearly three o’clock. It (finish) soon. 16. Be careful with that plate! You (break) it!

VI. Answer the questions according to the model.

Model: - What are you planning to do on Sunday?

- I am going to have a rest.

1. What are you planning to do after classes ? 2. What are you planning to do tonight ? 3. What are you planning to do at the weekend ? 4. What is your family planning to do on holidays ? 5. When is your friend planning to marry?

VII. Ask your fellow students questions about their plans for the future. Use to be going to and the following words and phrases:

tonight, at the weekend, in summer, tomorrow, next month, after the exams, when you graduate from the University, after the party, next year.

VIII. Use be going to, shall or will to complete the dialogue.

Laura: What (you do) this weekend?

Pat: I (see) a new play tomorrow at the Royal Court Theatre.

Laura: Have you got the tickets yet?

Pat: No, I (get) them this afternoon actually. Would you like to come?

Laura: Oh, thank you, that would be nice.

Pat: OK, I (get) you a ticket too.

Laura: Great! What time does it start?

Pat: Eight o’clock, but we all (meet) in the Green café at 7.15.

Laura: I (meet) you in the café, but I (be) there about half past seven.

Pat: That’s fine.

Laura: Oh, one other thing… I’ve got no money at the moment… I (pay) for the tickets on Saturday. Is that OK?

Pat: Yes, that’s OK, no problem.

Laura: (You eat) in the café or just have a cup of coffee?

Pat: Just a coffee I think.

Laura: Look, (we go) to a restaurant after the show? I know a very good Chinese restaurant.

Pat: That’s a good idea, I (phone) the others and see if they want to come too.

Laura: Good, and then I (book) a table.

Pat: Great. I (see) you tomorrow.

IX. Use the verbs in the Past Continuous.

1. We stayed because we (enjoy) ourselves. 2. I (not listen), so I missed what he said. 3. He (garden) all weekend. 4. (You watch) TV all evening? 5. It ( not rain) hard all day. 6. (You still work) when I left? 7. I lived in France at the time you (live) in Spain. 8. Bill and Sue (constantly improve) their house before they moved. 9. (You read) when I phoned you? 10. Just as I (get) to an interesting part of the story, the doorbell rang. 11. When I got to the hospital, she (sit) in the waiting room. 12. Maria ( not work). She (drive) home. 13. Matt and Peter (not run) from 2 till 3.30. They (play) football. 14 (Justin cook) dinner when you came? 15. I (go) down the street when the accident happened.

X. Complete the sentences with your ideas using the Past Continuous.

1. When you came home ... . 2. When the telephone rang ... . 3. When I entered ... . 4. When we arrived in Moscow ... . 5. When the police came ... . 6. While she was cooking ... . 7. While I was finishing my homework ... . 8. When I saw him… . 9. When we heard the news… . 10. While he was driving past her house… . 11. When the father was in the kitchen… . 12. While she was talking on the phone… . 13. While they were translating a newspaper article… . 14. When John met Jill … . 15. While they were discussing the project… .

XI. Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous.

a) Last week I (decide) to invite some friends over for dinner. I (buy) lots of delicious food, including some Parma Ham. At about 6.00 I (cook) in the kitchen. The sun (shine) and it (be) a beautiful evening, so I (open) the back door. Then the telephone (ring). I (go) to answer it, and when I (come) back the ham (not be) on the table. I (look) out of the window. A cat (sit) on my garden wall, and it (eat) my ham. What could I do? I (fill) a pan with water and (go) quietly outside. The cat (not look) in my direction, and it (enjoy) the ham so much that it (not hear) me. I (walk) slowly up to it – I (want) to empty the water over its head. A bit cruel, I know, but the ham (be) so expensive! But at the last moment the cat (hear) me, (jump) over the wall, and (escape). The happiest cat in the neighborhood…

b) Mrs. May, our District nurse, (drive) home at 3 a.m. one night after an urgent visit to a sick patient. She (drive) along a deserted country lane, when she (see) a new kind of animal. She (stop) her car and (get out). The animal (be) clearly visible in the blaze of her headlights. It (look) like a hedgehog with a tall white hat. It (cross) the road without paying any attention to Mrs May. When Mrs. May (come) closer to it, she (notice) that there was a plastic yoghurt pot on the hedgehog’s head. The poor animal had got its head stuck in the plastic pot! Her instincts as a nurse (tell) her to help, so she (pull) at the pot but the hedgehog (pull) too. After a struggle, she (pull) the pot off the hedgehog’s head. Mrs. May (think) the hedgehog (look) rather sad, when she (notice) that the pot was half full of strawberry yoghurt. She (give) it back to the hedgehog. The animal (put) it on its head again and (continue) the journey across the road.

XII.Use the verbs in the Future Continuous.

1. At this time tomorrow we ( have) an English class. 2. Don’t worry ! I (write) letters to you regularly. 3. When you come they (train) in the gym. 4. Don’t wait for me. I (work) for some time. 5. While you are away we (look after) your children. 6. Don’t leave. We (have) tea in a few minutes. 7. At 7.45 he will be at home. He (have) breakfast. 8. Tomorrow afternoon we are going to paly tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30. So at 4 o’clock we (play) tennis. 9. Do you think you (still do) the same job in ten years’ time? 10. If you need to contact me, I (stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday. 11. I don’t think he’ll be free at 6 p.m. He (finish) his report.

XIII.Choose the proper predicate. Explain your choice.

1. The International school of English (does/is doing) very well at the moment. About two hundred people (take are taking) evening classes this term. Many of them (need/are needing) to learn a new language to improve their job prospects but some of them (learn/are learning) a new language for pleasure. The European languages (are/are being) popular but Japanese and Russian (get/are getting) more popular too. The school (provides/is providing) good learning facilities and (organizes/is organizing) a range of study tours.

2. It (happened/ was happening) in June 1985. It (was/was being) summer and we all (lay/were lying) out in the garden. My mother (read/was reading) and my uncle (dozed/was dozing) in the sun. We children (looked/were looking) for worms and insects. And then he (arrived/was arriving). He (was/was being) a tall, handsome man with piercing blue eyes and he (looked/was looking) straight at my mother. Her face (went/was going) pale and her eyes (opened/were opening) wide with shock. “Arthur, I (thought/was thinking) you (were/were being) dead”, she (said/was saying) in a kind of whisper.

3. A: Do you ever think about what you (will do/will be doing) in ten years’ time?

B: Oh, yeas. I sometimes imagine that I (will do/will be doing) a very important job and earning lots of money and that I (will live/will be living) in a beautiful big house. But to be honest, I think I (will still work/will still be working) here and I (will probably do/will probably be doing) the same job.

A: No, you won’t! You (will get/will be getting) a better job soon. I’m sure you will.

B: And so will you.

A: And then we (will go/will be going) on wonderful foreign holidays and we (will learn/will be learning) to speak different languages.

B: Perhaps.

XIV. Use the correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets.

1. The engineer (to explain) the operation of this device now. 2. Each scientist usually (to run) his test under different conditions. 3. The talk (to bring about) a discussion at the last conference. 4. If the atom (to have) a shortage of electrons, it will have a positive charge. 5. Our laboratory (to develop) a new semiconductor device this month. 6. Last night he (to speak) in favour of our suggestion. 7. The test (to come) to an end by the time they came. 8. The authors (to observe) the phenomenon in studies of a different kind all the year round. 9. At present my research group (to conduct) a series of experiments. 10. After the authors (to observe) the phenomenon in studies of a different kind they (to take up) the problem. 11. I currently (to collect) data for my scientific work.

XV. Translate into English:

1. Он окончил университет 3 года назад и теперь собирается поступать в аспирантуру. 2. Что вы делали вчера в это время? 3. Кто-то стучит, откройте дверь. 4. Я буду ждать тебя у входа в университет. 5. У них экскурсия по городу. Они сейчас осматривают достопримечательности Тулы. 6. Землетрясение в Японии в 1995 году принесло массу разрушений. 7. Если ты последуешь моему совету, тебе потребуется меньше времени на подготовку к экзаменам. 8. Если я потрачу эти деньги, я не куплю подарки к Рождеству. 9. Дождь всё ещё шел, когда мы вышли из дома. 10. Когда ты собираешься сдавать физику? 11. Когда Ваш отец закончил университет? А что он делает сейчас? Где работает? 12. - Где отец? - Он в кухне. - Что он там делает? - Он готовит нам ужин. 13. - Тихо! Идет лекция. Все слушают лектора с большим вниманием. - Когда началась лекция? - В 9 часов. 14. Когда мы вошли в лабораторию, инженер объяснял действие нового прибора. 15. Он пишет что-нибудь? 16. Я не могу завтра встретиться с тобой, завтра приезжает мама. 17. Что ты несешь в сумке, она очень тяжелая. 18. Звонок прозвенел, когда он заканчивал доклад. 19. Приходи сегодня, я буду ждать. 20. Интересно, что мы будем делать через год, и будем ли мы еще встречаться друг с другом.

XVI. Form nouns with the given suffixes. Translate them into Russian:

-er to buy, to sell, to work, to write, to travel, to found, to make;

-or to direct, to invent, to translate, to visit;

-ment to agree, to develop, to pay, to govern, to achieve, to punish, to equip, to move;

-ance (-ence) to depend, to correspond, to guide, to attend, to differ;

-tion to emigrate, to liberate, to radiate, to examine, to prepare, to combine, to illustrate, to separate, to exhibit.

XVII. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1. She finds great enjoyment in music. 2. After a long discussion the delegations came to an agreement. 3. I haven’t enough money today to make the payments. 4. A writer of plays is called a dramatist. 5. A journalist’s profession is called journalism. 6. The laser measurement of distances has become a new method in the exploration of the Earth-Moon system. 7. Lomonosov was not only a talented scientist, but a materialist philosopher as well. 8. K.Tsiolkovsky was a practical inventor who made his own laboratory equipment.

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