Причастие прошедшего времени в английском языке

Форма Past Participle правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления суффикса -ed к основной форме глагола, например: decide — решать, decided — решенный

Форма Past Participle неправильных глаголов образуется особыми способами (см. таблицу неправильных глаголов), например: write — писать, written — написанный

Формы Past Participle наиболее употребительных глаголов вам нужно выучить.

Past Participle участвует в образовании времен группы Perfect, страдательного залога:

Ex.: I have just got tickets to the cinema. Я только что купил билеты в кино.

This article was written by my friend. Эта статья была написана моим другом.

В предложении Past Participle может выступать в функции:

1) определения к существительному: The broken cup was on the floor. Разбитая чашка лежала на полу.

2) обособленного определения, заменяющего придаточное определительное предложение: Here is the letter received from Nick. Вот письмо, полученное от Коли. (Here is the letter which I received from Nick yesterday.) (Вот письмо, которое я получил от Коли вчера.)

Запомните следующее предложение:

Time permitting, we shall go for a walk.- Если время позволит, мы пойдем гулять.

Упражнения

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на причастия.

1. Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the perform­ance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the win­dow, he saw his mother watering the flowers. 7. Hearing the sounds of music we stopped talking 8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.

Упражнение 2. Замените придаточные определи­тельные предложения причастными оборотами.

1. All the people who live in this house are students. 2. The woman who is speaking now is our secretary. 3. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 4. The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school for laboratory workers. 5. People who take books from the library must return them in time. 6. There are many pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extra-curricular activities.

Упражнение 3. Замените придаточные предложе­ния причины причастными оборотами.

1. As he now felt more at ease, the man spoke in a louder voice. 2. Since he knew who the man was, Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. 3. As he thought that it was his brother at the window, Steve decided to open it. 4. As the people were afraid of falling into a ditch in the darkness at any moment, they felt their way about very carefully. 5. Since he needed a shelter for the night, Peter decided to go to the neighbours' house.

Упражнение 4. Замените придаточные предложе­ния времени причастными оборотами (не опус­кайте союз when).

1. When you speak English, pay attention to the order of words. 2. Be careful when you are crossing a street. 3. When you are leaving the room, don't forget to switch off the light. 4.When you begin to work with the dictionary, don't for­get my instructions. 5. When they were travelling in Central Africa, the explorers met many wild animals. 6. When you are copying English texts, pay attention to the articles. 7. You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на Past Participle.

1. My sister likes boiled eggs. 2. We stopped before a shut door. 3. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away. 4. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 5. This is a church built many years ago. 6. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century England. 7. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me. 8. The coat bought last year is too small for me now. 9. Nobody saw the things kept in that box.

Упражнение 6. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на Participle I и Participle II.

1. A fish taken out of the water cannot live. 2. A person taking a sun-bath must be very care­ful. 3. Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text. 4. A line seen through this crystal looks double. 5. A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it. 6. Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried: "Fire! Fire!" 7. The word said by the student was not correct. 8. The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician. 9. Standing at the window, she was waving her hand. 10. A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow. 11. He saw some people in the post-office sending telegrams. 12. When sending the telegram she forgot to write her name. 13. Some of the questions put to the lecturer yesterday were very important. 14. The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian. 15. While putting the eggs into the basket she broke one of them. 16. A word spoken in time may have very im­portant results. 17. The students speaking good English must help their classmates. 18. The speaking doll interested the child very much. 19. While speaking to Nick some days ago I for­got to ask him about his sister.

Упражнение 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.

1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 3. (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hop­ing to see his friends. 4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends. 5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf. 13. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home. 14. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.

Упражнение 8. Переведите на русский язык, обра­щая внимание на причастия.

1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The broken arm was examined by the doctor. 3. While being examined, the boy could not help cry­ing. 4. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 5. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. 7. While using a needle you should be careful not to prick your finger. 8. While crossing the street one should first look to the left and then to the right. 9. People watching a perform­ance are called an audience. 10. Being very ill, she could not go to school. 11. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill. 12. The tree struck by lightning was all black and leafless. 13. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 14. The door bolted on the in side could not be opened, 15. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way, 16. The room facing the garden is much more com­fortable than this one. 17. Having descended the moun­tain they heard a man calling for help. 18. Flushed and excited, the boy came running to his mother. 19. He stood watching the people who were coming down the street shouting and waving their hands.

Упражнение 9. Замените выделенные части пред­ложений причастными оборотами. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.

1. When he arrived at the railway station, he bought a ticket, walked to the platform and board­ed the train. 2. As he was promised help, he felt quieter. 3. After he was shown in, he was told to take off his coat and wait for a while. 4. Robinson started the building of the house at once and finished it before the season of rains set in. 5. He poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an arm­chair and looked at the woman who was sitting opposite him. 6. When he had left the house and was crossing the street, he suddenly stopped as he remembered that he had forgotten to phone his friend. 7. He looked at me and hesitated: he did not know what to say. 8. As he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well, he eas­ily found his way to the market place. 9. He has no language problems, because he has been study­ing English for a long time. 10 After I had writ­ten this exercise, I began to doubt whether it was correct. 11. Take care when you cross the street. 12. Students should always be attentive while they are listening to the lecturer. 13. There are many students who study music. 14. Don't you feel tired after you have walked so much?

Упражнение 10. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.

1. Артистка, рассказывающая детям сказки по радио, знаменита на всю страну. 2. Сказка, рас­сказанная няней, произвела на ребенка большое впечатление. 3. Рассказав ребенку сказку, она по­желала ему спокойной ночи. 4. Моя бабушка, рас­сказавшая мне эту сказку, живет в маленьком домике на берегу озера. 5. Ребенок всегда с инте­ресом слушает сказки, рассказываемые няней. 6. Рассказывая детям сказки, она говорит разны­ми голосами, имитируя героев сказок.

Независимый причастный оборот (Nominative Absolute Participial Construction) Ex.: The day being pierсing cold, he had no desire to loiter.

Упражнение 11. Переведите на русский язык, об­ращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

1. The next morning, it being Sunday, they all went to church. 2. For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into a room at the back. 3. There being nothing else on the ta­ble, Oliver replied that he wasn't hungry. 4. Mrs. Maylie being tired, they returned more slowly home. 5. Their search revealing nothing, Clyde and she walked to a corner. 6. The wind being favourable, our yacht will reach the island in no time. 7. I had long tasks every day to do with Mr. Mell, but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss Murdstone here. 8. It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. 9. He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything. 10. He started about five, Riggs having informed him that the way would take him three hours. 11. Our horses being weary, it was agreed that we should come to a halt. 12. It having been decided that they should not go out on account of the weather, the members of the party were busy writing their notes. 13. The wind stirring among trees and bushes, we could hear nothing. 14. You can set your mind at ease, all being well. 15. There being no chance of escape, the thief was arrested on the spot. 16. Oliver knocked weakly at the door and, all his strength failing him, sank near the door. 17. The bridge having been swept away by the flood, the train was late. 18. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time. 19. It being cold and damp, a fire was lighted for the weary travellers to warm themselves by. 20. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. 21. The hour being late, she hastened home. 22. The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker. 23. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat. 24. The weather having changed, we decided to stay where we were. 25. The weather being very warm, the closet window was left open. 26. And the wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 27. The vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather being calm there was but little motion. 28. The resistance being very high, the cur­rent in the circuit was very low. 29. This material being a dielectric, no current can flow through it.

Упражнение 12. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

Ex.:His story told, he leaned back and sighed. - Когда его история была рассказана, он откинул­ся назад и вздохнул.

1. This being understood,the conference was over 2. The constraint caused by the old man's presence having worn off a little,the conversation became more lively. 3. This done, and Sikes having satis­fied his appetite,the two men lay down on chairs for a short nap. 4. The concert being over,the lot­tery came next. 5. Dinner being over,the old lady asked Barbara to come and sit on the sofa near her. 6. Then, the house search provingthat she was not there, Asa went outside to look up and down the street. 7. All the necessary preparations having been made with utmost secrecy,the army launched an attack. 8. The treaty having been signed,trade was at once resumed. 9. About eleven o'clock, the snow having thawed, and the day being finer and a little warmer than the previous one,he went out again. 10. Dinner being over,we assembled in the draw­ing-room. 11. The fifth of June arriving,they de­parted. 12. His directions to the porter finished,he came up to his niece. 13. The cathode heated,the electrons leave the surface and move to the anode. 14. Electrons moving through a wire,electrical energy is generated. Sir Henry was deep in his papers, his long white hands moving nervously.

Упражнение 13. Переведите на русский язык, об­ращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

Ex.:Then she sprang away and ran around the desks and benches, with Tom running after her. - Потом она отскочи­ла и побежала вок­руг парт и скамеек, а Том бежал за ней.

1. Не slowly and carefully spread the paper on the desk,with Loweli closely watching. 2. Twenty minutes late he came out of number seven, pale,with his lip¹ tightly compressed and an odd expression on hi face. 3. Little Oliver Twist was lying on the groum, with his shirt unbuttoned and his head throw back. 4. The girl wandered away,with tears rolling down her cheeks. 5. The moonlit road was empty,with the cool wind blowing in their faces. 6. She sat on the steps,with her arms crossed upon her knees. 7. Then,with her heart beating fast, she went up and rang the bell. 8. Little Paul sat,with his chin resting on his hand. 9. He stood,with his arms folded. 10. Lanny stood looking at the lorry rolling away,with his cheek burning and his fists clenched. 11. She stood there,with her brows frowning, her blue eyes looking before her. 12. He leant a little forward over the table,with his wrists resting upon it. 13. And then came the final moment,with the guards coming for him.

Самостоятельная работа

Задание № 1. Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.

1 . a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard is our best pupil.

b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

2. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall trees is very beautiful.

b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.

3. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework at that table?

b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.

4. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my sister.

b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.

5. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Rus­sian folk songs.

b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (sing­ing, sung) by the girls.

6. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?

7. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.

8. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.

9. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.

10. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.

11. (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.

12. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.

13. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.

14. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.

15. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.

16. Yesterday we were at a conference (organiz­ing, organized) by the pupils of the 10th form.

17. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street.

18. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.

19. I shall show you a picture (painting, painted) by Hogarth.

20. Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me yesterday.

21. Look at the beautiful flowers (gathering, gath­ered) by the children.

22. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying m the middle of the street.

23. How do you like the film?" he asked, (turn­ing, turned) towards me.

24. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (com­ing, come) towards us.

25. I think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother.

Задание № 2. Переведите следующие русские при­частия и деепричастия на английский язык.

Приносящий, принесенный, принося, принеся, переводящий, переведенный, переводя, переведя, давая, написав, читающий, берущий, данный, про­читав, сделанный, пьющий, сказанный, будучи по­терянным, нарисовав, написавший, делая, взятый, взяв, рисуя, выпитый, сделав, идя, пишущий, про­читанный, дав, рисующий, делающий, нарисован­ный, выпив, говорящий, беря, написанный, читая, идущий, дающий, сказав, сидевший, посмотрев, будучи забыт, строящий, строящийся, играя, по­играв, рассказанный, рассказавший, видя, принес­ший, будучи принесенным, построенный, продав.

Задание № 3. В следующих предложениях упот­ребите, где возможно, причастия вместо глаго­лов в личной форме. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.

1. As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody. 2. As we were given dictionaries, we managed to translate the article easily. 3. As soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 4. As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it. 5. When he was running across the yard, he fell. 6. When I was going home yesterday, I kept thinking about my friend. 7. He put on his coat, went out and looked at the cars which were passing by. 8. She closed the book, put it aside and looked at the children who were running about in the yard.

Задание № 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.

1. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story ^гpreserved all the sparkling humour of the original. 2. (to approve) by the critics, the young au­thor's story was accepted by a thick magazine. 3. (to wait) for some time in the hall, he was invit­ed into the drawing-room. 4. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady. 5. They reached the oa­sis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 6. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once. 7. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the nurse. 8. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours. 9. (to write) in very bad hand­writing, the letter was difficult to read. 10. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics. 11. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 12. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family. 13. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present. 14. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful prob­lem, he changed the conversation.

Задание № 5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.

1. Играя в саду, дети не заметили, что стало темно. 2. Подойдя к двери, он открыл ее. 3. Том подошел к смеющейся девочке. 4. Он положил на стол смятое письмо. 5. Плачущая девочка была голодна. 6. Бабушка смотрела на детей, играю­щих во дворе. 7. Она любит смотреть на играющих детей. 8. Сделав уроки, дети пошли гулять. 9. Лежа на диване, он читал книгу. 10. Принеся свои игрушки в комнату, ребенок начал играть. 11. Прочитав много книг Диккенса, он хорошо знал этого писателя. 12. Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остановился. 13. Будучи очень за­нят, он не сразу услышал меня. 14. Услышав шаги, он поднял голову. 15. Выпив чашку чая, она почувствовала себя лучше.

Задание № 6. Переведите на русский язык, об­ращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

Ex.:Сэр Генри был погружен в свои бумаги, причем (а)его длинные белые руки нервно двигались.

1. They went down the stairs together, Aileen lingering behind a little.2. He lifted the lid and kept it in his hand while she was drinking, both standing. 3.She danced light as a feather, eyes shining, feet flying, her body bent a little forward.4. We walked very slowly home, Agnes and I ad­miring the moonlight,and Mr. Wickfield scarcely rising his eyes from the ground.5. They walked quickly through street after street, the Dodger leading and Oliver at his heels. 6.He was stand­ing there silent, a bitter smile curling his lips.7. The dog sat close to the table, his tail thumping now and again upon the floor, his eyes fixed ex­pectantly on his master.8. Then they heard the noise of the plane, its shadow passing over the open glade.9. She remembered him talking, his glasses magnifying his round blue eyes. 10.She sat staring into the fire, the sock forgotten on her knee.11. He heard the bathers coming up the sandy road, their voices ringing through the quiet.12. They continued their way, the boy sobbing qui­etly, the man ashamed.13. The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material.14. Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and ve­locity.15. Radio was invented in Russia, its in­ventor being the Russian scientist A. S. Popov.

Задание № 7. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот.

Ex.:She stood silent, her lips pressed together. - Она стояла молча, плотно сжав губы.

1. She stood listlessly,her head dropping upon her breast. 2. She rose from the bed and removed her coat and stood motionless,her head bent, her hands clasped before her. 3. Pale-lipped,his heart beating fast, Andrew followed the secretary. 4. The speak­er faced the audience,his hand raised for silence. 5. He sat down quickly,his face buried in his hands. 6. Clyde sat up,his eyes fixed not on anything here but rather on the distant scene at the lake. 7. She hurried along,her heels crunching in the packed snow.

Задание № 8. Перефразируйте следующие пред­ложения, употребляя независимый причастный оборот.

1. As the front door was open, she could see straight through the house. 2. Rip had no desire to work on his farm,for it was to his mind the worst piece of land in the neighbourhood. 3. They stood there;the night wind was shaking the dry­ing whispering leaves. 4. As the situation was urgent, we had to go ahead. 5.When the greetings were over, Old Jolyon seated himself in a wicker chair. 6. The town of Crewe is known to be one of the most busy junctions in England:many railway lines pass through it. 7. We set off;the rain was still coming down heavily. 8. After a private sitting room had been engaged, bedrooms inspected and dinner ordered, the party walked out to view the city. 9. Dinner was served on the terrace, asit was very close in the room. 10. Thoughtful, An­drew finished his omelette;his eyes were all the time fixed upon the microscope. 11. There was in fact nothing to wait for, and we got down to work. 12.The question was rather difficult to answer at once,and I asked for permission to think it over. 13. He stood leaning against the wall, his arms were folded. 14. There was very little time left;we had to hurry. 15. Of an evening he read aloud; his small son sat by his side.16. The new engines were safely delivered, all of them were in good order. 17. Our efforts to start the car had failed,and we spent the night in a nearby village. 18. As our work was finished,we went home. 19. If the letter is posted today,the news will reach them tomorrow. 20. If mother permits us,we shall go to the theatre. 21. When the working day was over,she went straight home. 22. As a storm was aris­ing,the ship entered the harbour. 23. When the packing had been done,the girls left for the sta­tion. 24. As the stop was a long one,the girls got off the train. 25.As the weather was perfect,Lydia played tennis every day. 26. As the last month was a very busy one,she could not answer her friend's letter. 27. If time permits,we shall come a few days earlier. 28. When the third bell hadgone, the curtain slowly rose. 29.As the under­ground station was not far,we walked there. 30. Bill could not sleep the whole night, as there was something wrong with his eye. 31. As the rules were very strict,the doorkeeper did not permit Bill to enter.

Задание № 9. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя независимый причастный оборот.

1. Так как было очень поздно, собрание было закрыто. 2. Если погода позволит, мы пойдем на каток. 3. Так как все было готово, она решила отдохнуть. 4. Так как было уже поздно, они ни­куда не пошли. 5. Так как погода была холодная, Джек спрятал руки в карманы. 6. Так как быстро темнело, она поспешила домой. 7. Когда солнце зашло, сразу стало темно. 8, Так как наш разговор был закончен, я пошел домой. 9. Когда письмо было написано, она быстро побежала на почту отправить его. 10. Так как оставалось еще полчаса до отхода поезда, мы решили поужинать на вокзале. 11. Если погода будет благоприят­ной, спортсмены могут показать хорошие резуль­таты. 12. Мы долго разговаривали: он задавал мне вопросы, а я охотно на них отвечал. 13. Если ус­ловия позволят, я приеду к вам на лето. 14. Так как было очень тепло, дети спали на открытом воздухе. 15. Когда все приготовления были за­кончены, мы отправились в поход. 16. Корабль медленно плыл вдоль берегов Белого моря; сотни птиц кружились над ним. 17. Было очень темно, так как на небе не было ни одной звездочки. 18. Когда солнце село, туристы развели костер.

Test 8