Сборник практических заданий
СБОРНИК ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАДАНИЙ
по учебной дисциплине "Иностранный язык(английский)"
для студентов 2 курса специальности
Преподаватели английского языка:
Зварыкина С.Г., Якунина М.И.
Рецензент:
Самарин А.В. , к.фил.н., СОФ НИУ БелГУ
Старый Оскол
Пояснительная записка.
Рабочая тетрадь предназначена для студентов 2-4 курса.
Рабочая тетрадь включает в себя 20 тематических циклов, в каждый из которых входят текст, лексические, фонетические и грамматические упражнения. Учебные задания способствуют усвоению и запоминанию специальных терминов по специальности.
В систему упражнений входят как языковые, так и речевые упражнения. Тексты тематически связаны со специальными предметами, отражают специфику будущей профессии.
ЦЕЛИ И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБУЧЕНИЯ
Дисциплина «Иностранный язык» входит в цикл общих гуманитарных дисциплин федерального государственного образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования и составляет часть профессиональной и общекультурной подготовки студентов.
Основной целью обучения студентов иностранному языку является овладение навыками практического пользования языком, что при заочном обучении предполагает формирование умения самостоятельно читать литературу по специальности с целью извлечения информации из иноязычных источников.
В процессе обучения решаются воспитательные и общеобразовательные задачи, способствующие повышению образовательного, культурного и профессионального уровня студентов.
В течение всего курса обучения рекомендуется использовать технические средства обучения и компьютерные обучающие программы, а так же различные тексты, упражнения, видеофильмы, учебные, документальные и художественные фильмы.
По завершении курса обучения студент должен иметь следующие умения:
Чтение:
· умение читать со словарем тексты страноведческого, общенаучного характера и тематически связанные с профессией.
· умение читать без словаря тексты, лексику по пройденной тематике и ситуациям общения.
Письмо:
· умение правильно писать слова и словосочетания, входящие в лексический минимум.
· умение с помощью словаря изложить в письменной форме содержание текста.
Устная речь:
· умение участвовать в несложной беседе на темы повседневной жизни, учебы, работы и знание речевого этикета.
· умение выражать свои мысли в устной форме по темам, относящимся к учебной и профессиональной деятельности студента.
· понимать на слух речь, в том числе фонозаписи, содержащие усвоенный языковой материал.
· иметь представление о культурных традициях и правилах речевого этикета в странах изучаемого языка.
ТРЕБОВАНИЯ К СДАЧЕ ЗАЧЕТА
Для получения зачета студент должен уметь:
а) прочитать со словарем незнакомый текст на английском языке, содержащий изученный лексический и грамматический материал. (Форма проверки — письменный или устный перевод.)
б) устно изложить на английском языке одну из тем, предусмотренных программой курса обучения.
Время подготовки – 8-10 минут.
ЯЗЫКОВОЙ МАТЕРИАЛ
Фонетический минимум. Звуковой строй английского языка; особенности английского произношения; чтение гласных в различных типах слогов; ударение; особенности интонации английского предложения.
Лексический минимум. За полный курс обучения студент должен приобрести словарный запас в объеме 1000 лексических единиц, а так же усвоить наиболее употребительные словообразовательные средства английского языка: префиксы, суффиксы имен существительных, прилагательных, наречий, глаголов, приемы словосложения, явление конверсии. Потенциальный словарный запас может быть расширен за счет интернациональной лексики.
Грамматический минимум. Студенты должны усвоить основные грамматические формы и структуры английского языка:
Морфология.
Имя существительное. Артикль как признак существительного; предлоги – выразители его падежных форм. Образование множественного числа. Притяжательный падеж. Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.
Имя прилагательное. Степени сравнения. Перевод конструкций типа the more …the less.
Числительные. Количественные, порядковые; чтение дат.
Местоимения. Личные местоимения в формах именительного и объектного падежей; притяжательные местоимения; возвратные и усилительные местоимения; местоимения вопросительные, указательные, относительные. Неопределенное местоимение one и его функции. Неопределенные местоимения some, any и их производные.
Глагол. Образование видо-временных форм глагола Simple, Progressive, Perfect и Perfect Progressive. Активный и пассивный залог. Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Образование повелительного наклонения и его отрицательной формы.
Неличные формы глагола: инфинитив и его формы; инфинитивные конструкции. Причастие I и причастие II. Герундий и герундиальные обороты.
Синтаксис.
Простое распространенное предложение. Члены предложения. Порядок слов в предложении; образование утвердительной и отрицательной формы. Оборот there is (are), его перевод.
Безличные предложения. Сложносочиненное и сложноподчиненное предложения. Союзное и бессоюзное подчинение.
С помощью словаря
Для формирования этого умения предлагается несколько основных рекомендаций:
1. Запомните английский алфавит.
2. Запомните в искомом слове три первые буквы (это облегчит его поиск в словаре).
3. Прежде чем искать слово в словаре, восстановите его исходную форму (инфинитив глагола, единственное число существительного и т. д.).
4. Из всех значений слов выберите в словаре то, которое подходит по контексту.
Без помощи словаря
К категории слов, значение которых можно определить без помощи словаря, относятся интернациональные слова, производные слова, слова, образованные по конверсии.
Интернациональные слова. В английском языке большое место занимают слова, заимствованные из других языков, в основном латинского и греческого. Эти слова получили широкое распространение и стали интернациональными. По корню таких слов легко догадаться об их переводе на русский язык, например: mechanization – механизация, atom – атом и т.д., поэтому очень важно уметь выявлять их в тексте и делать опорами для извлечения смысла.
Однако, нужно помнить, что многие интернационализмы расходятся в своем значении в русском и английском языках, поэтому их часто называют «ложными друзьями» переводчика. Например: accurate – точный, а не аккуратный, resin – смола, а не резина, control – не только контролировать, но и управлять и т.д.
Производные слова. Эффективным средством расширения запаса слов служит знание способов словообразования. Расчленив производное слово на корень, суффикс и префикс, легче определить значение известного слова. Кроме того, зная значения наиболее употребительных префиксов и суффиксов, вы сможете без труда узнать, какой частью речи является данное слово и понять значение гнезда слов, образованных из одного корневого слова, которое вам известно. Часто встречаются префиксы, имеющие международный характер, например:
anti — анти: антитело; со – со: сосуществовать; de – де: дестабилизировать.
UNIT 1
Упражнение№ 1. Напишите транскрипцию гласных звуков следующих слов:
а) be, feel, we, me, see, meet, deed, feet, need
b) it, is, in, ill, sit, fill, live, win, till, mill
c) bed, pen, ten, tell, set, let, met
d) tie, lie, my, pie, die, life, time, five, nine, smile
e) man, bad, hat, lamp, glad, fat, cat, black, sack
f) day, late, tale, main, pain, rain, male, fail
g) park, mark, arm, are, car, farm, large
h) air, chair, care, fair, rare, parent
i) there, where
j) here, near, mere, clear, fear, bear
k) hire, fire, tyre, buyer, flyer
l) our, flour, power, flower, down, town
m) her, term, bird, firm, burn, turn, fur, learn
n) sorry, story, warm, word, door, all, taught, talk
Упражнение№ 2. Напишите транскрипцию согласных звуков следующих слов:
a ) think, thing, thin, thought, death, threat.
b) sing, song, bang, long, something, going, hung, wrong.
c) this, that, those, the, these, there, other, another.
d) ship, shop, she, clash, sharp, shine, shame, shape.
e) chess, chop, chamber, charm, charity, future.
f) phone, photo, phenomenon, phantom, pharos, philharmonic, phase.
g) knife, know, knock, knit, knight, knee, knack.
h) what, where, when, wheel, whiff, whig, whip, whim.
Скороговорки. Tongue-twisters.
The black cat sat on a mat and ate a fat rat.
Betty Botta bought some butter, But she said, this butter’s bitter. But a bit of better butter will make my batter better.
She sells seashells on the seashore, the shells that she sells are seashells, I’m sure.
A big black bug bit a big black bear, A big black bear bit a big black bug.
Thirty-three thousand people think that Thursday is their thirtieth birthday.
What noise annoys an oyster most? A noisy noise annoys an oyster most.
Ripe white wheat reapers reap ripe white wheat right.
Blake’s black bike’s back brake bracket block broke.
Each Easter Eddie eats eighty Easter eggs.
She slits the sheet she sits on.
A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed.
A twister of twists once twisted a twist. and the twist that he twisted was a three twisted twist. now in twisting this twist, if a twist should untwist, would the twist that untwisted untwist the twists.
1. Чтение английских гласных букв в открытом положении
Прочтите слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
1. В, К, C,D, go, be, he, me, she, we, by, my, spy, try, fly, dry, cry, shy, pry, lo, no, so, Q, P, Z, V, T.
Aid, hail, claim, chain, waist, raise, bay, day, play, pray, stay, pay, sea, tea, beach, feast, breathe, free, tree, feed, beech, sleeve, freeze, die, lie, died, tried, bye, dyed, boat, cloak, foe, sloe, toe, pie, tie, ceaze, ceiling, week, sweep, dial, phial, bias.
Bake, pale, take, pane, tape, eke, eve, cede, globe, Crete, Swede, lime, mine, mite, side, size, style, hole, home, robe, rape, vote, yoke, duke, dupe, fume, mule, tube, tune.
Cede, seed, lone, loan, bike, bake, Jane, jade, baize, bays, lace, lake, beach, beech, mice, Mike, die, dye, cage, gage, vague, plague, guide, lie, lye, yale, due.
Fatal, vacant, raven, agent, bacon, typist, evil, famous, final, silent, pilot, tyrant, total, open, moment, human, student, pupil, music, cubic, client.
2. Чтение английских гласных букв в закрытом положении
Прочтите слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
Pad, pat, bad, bat, fan, fat, van, vat, cell, tent, dell, den, keg, get, yet, yelp.Kid, kiss, grin, wig, wit, Lynn, Pym, Sod, sop, mod, moss, nod, hot, rod, yon, F, L, M. Nun, nut, hug, hut, ruff, buzz, gulf.
Sac, sack, lac, lack, lacks, lax, tacks, tax, links, lynx, sticks, Styx, cell, sell, cent, sent, hiss, his, lacks, bags, bets, beds, cups, cubs, pence, pens, phlox, flocks, fizz, phiz, fill, Phil, batch, badge, rich, ridge; bank, hang.
Bed, had; led, lad; Ned, pad; bet, net; bend, bent; bat, set, sat; land, lend; fact, pact, plan, flag, act; slap, slab; cup, cap; lit, lid; shot, shod.
Cab, cup, cling, crest, scrub; tacks, sacks, kicks, rocks, ducks, cell, cent, hence, rince, dunce, lick, lack, pick, pack, sick, sack, dick, dig, pick, pig, rick, rig, bank, ink, drink, drunk, fact, sect, back, neck, gem, gent, gin, gist, badge, hedge, bridge, lodge, plunge, as, has, beds, rugs, prism, jam, job, jib, jest, just, yes, yet, yelp, yen, yell, bang, spring, thing, strong, lung, sell, shell, sip, ship, self, shan, shut, shrub, crash, smash, rush, shell, shelf, ship, shift, fish, mesh, smash, chip, chop, chest, rich, such, match, fetch, ditch, Scotch, crutch. Thin, thrift, width, length. That, then, this, thus, with. Phiz, phlox, lymph, nymph. Tax, sex, fix, fox, box, text, next.
Pit, pen, par, pun; fin, fen, fan, fun; tin, ten, tan, tun; red, rest, rent; risk, rim, did, tin, lid, nib, fill, drill, mill, mat, hot, pet, guest, press, stress, string, strong, stretch.
Sandal, vessel, system, children, absent, tempest, bonnet, pocket, commit, public, horrid, dwelling, summit, battle, bottom, seldom, lesson, dinner, waggon, parrot, butter, button, sister, doctor. Lapse, dense, steppe, twelve, bronze, solve.
3. Чтение английских букв в открытом и закрытом положении
Прочтите:
Pan, pane, tap, tape, red, rede, them, theme, miss, mice, shin, shine, rob, robe, dot, dote, tub, tube, duck, duke, pad, pat, bad, bat, fan, fat, tell, tent, kid, grin, wig. Pym, Bake, pale, eke, globe, we, sweep, side, style, hole, robe, yoke, duke, sod, yon, hot, nun, hug, ruff, fume, tube, be, go, my, K, gulf, sham, shame, dense, solve, aid, hail, shut, smash, chip, chain, waist, bay, day, by, chop, chest, ship, shelf, shape, C, D, fish, chip, pea, sea, tea, beach, spring, lung, die, lie, bye, join, job, tea, tree, beech, jest, thin, freeze, this, that, these, those, foe, pie, cease, lymph, nymph, cab, cup, fact, fat, fatal, vat, vacant, back, bake, neck, yes, yet, agent, back, bacon, yell, typist, tax, sex, famous, final, cell, cent, ceiling, prince, dunce, silent, as, has, pilot, match, mate, fetch, fate, crutch, gent, gin, total, badge, open, bridge, moment, mob, pig, page, red, rage, sell, shell, human, pet, pete, student, stud, fill, file, lack, lace, music, land, mice, lake, back, bake, bike, flag, act, jade, cage, cup, yale, slab, guide, guest, shot, cap, value, due.
4. Чтение английских гласных букв в сочетании с буквой 'r' в открытом и закрытом положении
Прочтите слова и объясните причину переосмысливания звукового восприятия английских гласных букв:
Bare, care, chair, hair, fair, mare, pair, dare, square, rare, hare, Here, mere, near, fear, beer, cheer, dear. Fire, briar, mire, tire, liar, byre, lyre, tyre, dire. More, shore, board, roar, horse. Cure, mure, pure, lure. Fare, fair, hare, hair, here, hear, dear, deer, tire, tyre, boar, bore, sore, soar. ,
Bar, far, jar, star, hard, farm, harsh, starve. Her, verb, serve, bird, skirt, shirt, herb, fern, berth, germ, verse, serve. Fir, sir, birch, girl, first, third. For, nor, sort, short, lord, horse. Urn, turn, nurse, burn, perfect, fur, furl, burn, hurt, curve, purse. Word, worm, work, world, worker, farmer, former, furnish, varnish. Earl, learn, early, earth, heard.
Bar, bare, car, care, her, here, per, peer, fir, fire, sir, sire, or, ore, for, fore, cur, cure.
5 . Чтение английских гласных букв во всех положениях подударением
Прочтите слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
Bare, fat, fan, fire, pad, tell, chair, kid, grin, more, wig, Pym, cure, bake, pale, bar, far, eke, globe, herb, fir, we, sweep, for, fur, word, side, style, urn, farmer, hole, robe, care, here, lure, farm, yoke, duke, sod, horn, worm, serve, burn, nun, ruff, fume, tube, be, hair, dare, mere, go, my, K, gulf, hair, fear, mire, harsh, sham, shame, dense, board, berth, sir, burn, world, aid, hail, shut, smash, chip, turn, former, hare, chain, waist, bay, day, by, chop, chest, ship, girl, horse, starve, roar, shelf, shape, C, D, fish, chip, mure, square, pea, sea, beach, spring, sort, fair, star, lung, die, bye, jam, jar, byre, job, tea, tree, beech, jest, germ, thin, freeze, this, these, that, those, foe, nor, pie, first, fern, dire, ceaze, lymph, furnish, tyrant, sturdy, studen, care, cab, cup, fair, fact, fatal, mare, mat, note, rare, vat, hare, vacant, near, back, lake, beer, tyre, shore, neck, hoarse, yes, yet, agent, pure, back, during, bacon, third, yell, birch, typist, err, tax, sex, famous, short, final, cell. Lord, hurt, cent, ceiling, purse, prince, silent, work, as, has, pilot, worker, mate, her, fetch, fate, verb, tyrant, serve, tyre, bird, crutch, gent, gin, total, burn, perfect, badge, open, bridge, moment, mob, sell, shell, guide, due, varnish.
Back, bark, had, hard, gem, germ, ten, tern, twill, twirl, spit, spirt, cock, cork, shot, short, cub, curb.
6. Чтение слов, рассмотренных выше
Прочтите слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
Feud, neutral, feudal, deuce, cue, Europe, dew, few, new, newt, ewe. Diece, niece, field, yield, chief, grief, grieve, belief, believe, achieve, brief, thief, shriek, priest, shield, siege. Great, break, steak; bear, year, wear, tear, pear, swear. They, grey, prey, whey, rein, vein, feint, eight, freight, weight. Eye, height, either, neither. Dead, head, bread, ready, meadow, steady, thread, death, feather, leather, weather, breath, health, wealth, peasant, pleasant, pheasant, measure, treasure, pleasure. Range, change, haste, waste, paste, strange, danger. Find, mind, bind, child, wild, mild, able, table, fable, cradle, idle, rifle, trifle, bible, bridle, cycle, noble, bugle. Scarce, negro, nitrogen, hydrogen, micron, migrant. Old, told, sold, fold, hold, gold, droll, bolt. Live, love, about, above, give, clever, river, vivid, seven, eleven, every, heavy, ever, never, heaven. Solid, valid, static, visit, physics, rapid, Spanish, Latin, cabin, radish, satin, credit, merit, limit, finish, profit, polish, florin, punish. Capital, family, energy, medical, mineral, physical, comedy, opera, origin, probably, enemy, melody.
7. Чтение слов, правописание которых связано с влияниемфранцузской графики
Прочтите:
Some, come, comfort, company, son, done, none, Monday, month, London, front, among, tongue, other, another, mother, brother, nothing, dozen, colour, won, wonder, fraud, haul, maul, Paul, fault, chaw, jaw, straw, shawl, lawn, drawn, cause, because, pause, author, clause, applause, August, autumn. Ground, count, stout, loud, house, spout, ounce, cow, now, crowd, fowl, down, town, out, shout, scout, how, towel, brown, about, without, trousers. Our, flour, power, tower, flower, shower. Young, country, cousin, courage, couple, double, trouble, touch. Oil, boil, joint, hoist, voice, noise, boy, coy, joy, toy, cloy, Troy, floy, hoy.
Four, your, pour, Row, brow, throw, low, flow, blow, slow, yellow, fellow, sorrow, meadow, swallow, sparrow. You, through, could, should, would, group, tour, lose, do, prove, move, to, soup, does, done.
8 Чтение слов, рассмотренных выше
Прочтите слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
Ask, cask, mask, fast, last, clasp, grass, after, master. Too, moon, stool, woo, pool, gloom, shoot, groove, soon, boot, soot. Book, hook, took, shook, Boor, moor, poor. Ball, small, fall, wall, bald, salt, false. Talk, stalk, chalk, walk. Dance, glance, prance, branch, grant, plant, cant, shant, command, demand, reprimand. What, water, was, war, wash, watch, watt, want, swamp, swan, wasp, warm, war, ward. Bull, pull, full, bullet. Brutal, plural, prudent, truly, true, blew, rude, rule, June, July, brute, grew, screw, threw, drew, flew, jew, blew, crew, include, junior.
9. Чтение английских слов на все приведенные правила
Прочтите нижеприводимые слова и объясните, почему они так произносятся:
1. Light, fight, might, straight, caught, daughter, haughty, neigh, sleight, eight, freight; rough, enough, laugh, nigh, Hugh, knight, height, weight, weigh, taught, thought, bought, fought, ought; special, mission, passion, session, nation, action, caution, tradition, mention, collection, dictation, option, demonstration, special, Asia, Russia, Russian, politician, musician, glacial, especial, explosion, corrosion, illusion, collision, vision, confusion; lecture, future, furniture, nature, culture, century; pressure, sure, exposure, measure, treasure, pleasure; when, why, which, white, where, what; who, whom, whose; wrong, write, writer, writ, wring, khight, know, knew, knit, gnat, gnash, monarch, echo, school, chemistry, mechanics, architect, machine, moustache, niche, limb, lamb, bomb, autumn, hymn, guard, guest, guild.
2. Due, dew; muse, mews; tub, tube; fare, far; rede, red; duck, dutch; duke, dark; faint, feint; dot, dote; asp, wasp; has, was; that, what; watch, natch; bar, bare; car, care; her, here; heal, health; on, son; ponder, wonder; home, come; grove, glove; per, peer; fir, fire; sir, sire; mood, blood; rouse, cousin; cut, put; rush, bush; far, fare; cur, cure; ruddy, pudding; go, to, rood, good, rather, father; duty, truly; nude, rude; suit, brute; rout, route; dew, drew; later, water; go, do; rose, lose; duty, truly; nude, rude; dew, drew; stew, strew; strange, haste, steak, speak; riddle, bridle; lost, post; cloth, both; cobble, nobble; now, know; bady, puny, cabin, radish, finish, civil, polish, florin, duty, eight, weight, field; great, break, year, pear; eye, height, either, neither; deed, dead, weather, wealth; pea, peasant; please, pleasant; ear, early, earth; hear, heard; ran, range; has, haste; was, waste; will, wild; mill, mild; pran, plant; can, can't; comma, command; small, smell, slang; sale, salt; face, fast; lace, last; class, clasp; bathe, bath; father, mother, close, cloth; sole, sold; hole, hold; bull, pull, full; moon, too, book, took, shook, poor, door, floor, blood, flood; out, now, how, row, brow, low, blow, meadow; our, four; reply; friend, heart, good; say.
3. Father, man, what, they, girl, first, who, no, son, daughter, child, I, work, learn, boys, works, live, four, fifth, your, Tuesday, Monday, good, food, school, go, do, room, all, small, wall, walk, sun, why, very, light, night, eight, twice, air, shine, young, cousin, shut, niece, weak, write, Thursday, chair, those, these, meal, each, year, weather, cook, book, dina, give, live, have, always, third, girl, bread, colour, house, flower, window, warm, fruit. June, August, heat, great, break, pear, feather, finger, longer, friend, also, throw, soon, trees.
4. Grow, how, dead, meadow, eat, weak, water, this, thing, chalk, board, coat, teeth, tooth, thick, thin, white, night, red, nose, low, moustache, eye, blind, tear, learn, hear, ear, year, deaf, head, bed, road, mount, horse, word, board, work, heavy, town, cow, along, among, field, mice, men, country, cousin, young, see, eat, people, we, pure, here, learn, early, crow, now, grow, how, snow, fowl, house, geese, leather, beak, great, head, eat, swallow, straw, call, worm, word, near, hear, early, year, learn, bush, jug, put, such, jam, son, month, fond, catch, saucer, pour, our, your.
5. Yesterday, excite, except, during, run, brought, caught, bite, right, quite, quick, thank, this, thing, those, thin, thirsty, home, early, nearly, clear, bear, learn, six, fox, eggs, go, throw, finger, hunger, longer, book, look, looked, ice, sauce, eyes, thirst, please, freeze, sees, easy, rose, houses, horses, as, this, has, us, is, was, bag, back, alone, saw, sauce, here, hair, dear, who, whose, write, shine, poor, door, pour, heap, heard, clear, early, now, bought, house, town, interesting, evening, several, page, change, hunger, thing, no, know, nose, knows.
6. Smooth, tooth, month, mouth, bright, brought, mighty, caught, daughter, eight, own, blown, town, word, world, tomorrow, whose, froze, grows, nose, throws, write, who, whole, while, wrong, tear, earth, third, learn, work, girl, return, think, true, blue, grew, who, blew, too, wisdom, husband, give, alive, five, live, hive, drive, door, blood, floor, could, good, wood, turn, learn, early, paid, made, laid, said, put, butter, trunk, sure, quite, quiet, want, water, walk, what, remember, understand, invite, arrive, cent, pence, few, knew, you, eleven, even, seven, could, would, stood, right, wrong, guard, hard, move, love, firm, sight, side, stone, ship, sheep, heart.
UNIT 2
UNIT 3
Уровень 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day.
2. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday.
3. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock tomorrow.
4. I (not to go) to the cinema every day.
5. I (not to go) to the cinema yesterday.
6. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow.
7. You (to watch) TV every day?
8. You (to watch) TV yesterday?
9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow?
When you (to leave) home for school every day?
When you (to leave) home for school yesterday?
When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow?
My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. The office where he (to work) is near our house, he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at nine o'clock.
You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? — No, I....
15. What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday? — I (to buy) a book.
16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers tomorrow.
Уровень 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple.
1. Не (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons every morning.
2. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons yesterday morning.
3. He (to turn) on the television to watch cartoons tomorrow morning.
4.I always (to go) to the village to visit my granny there.
5. I (to be) very busy last summer and I (not to go) there.
6. I (not to go) there next year.
7. They (to enjoy) themselves at the symphony yesterday evening?
8. Who (to take) care of the child in the future?
9. How often you (to go) to the dentist's?
10. We (not to have) very good weather, but we still (to have) a good time during our short stay in London.
11. She (to do) all the washing in their house.
12. He even (not to know) how to use the washing machine.
13. Two years ago they (to be) rich and money (to be) never a problem.
14. You (to think) you (to be) happy in your new neighborhood?
15. When the cabbage soup (to be) ready?
16. The customs officers at JFK airport in New York (to arrest) that young man when he (to arrive).
17. I (to like) to get on with my friends, so I often (to do) what they (to want).
18. When (to be) your birthday?
19. When you (to get) your watch?
20. Who (to create) Mickey Mouse?
Тест
№ 1 Закончи предложения, выбрав правильный вариант.
1. Не ...all the questions at the last lesson.
answers
answered
will answer
2. My sister ...English in a year.
learned
learns
will learn
3. I... my homework everyday.
a) do
b) did
c) will do
4. I... a funny cat yesterday.
draw
drew
will draw
5. Last year I... this interesting film.
see
saw
will see
6. They ...last year.
meet
met
will meet
7. There ...no TV in our classroom.
a) is b) are c) —
10. Did he ...a letter yesterday?
writes
wrote
write
12. ... it rainy yesterday?
Is
Will be
Was
13. ... there much snow last year?
a) Is b) Was c) Were
TEST
(Past, Present, Future Simple)
1. Дополни следующие предложения, выбрав следующие обстоятельства времени:
1. She watched TV
a) yesterday, b) every day, c) now, d) next month.
2. She watches TV
a) often, b) tomorrow, c) two days ago.
3. She will watch TV
a) usually, b) next Sunday, c) not long ago.
2. Подбери названиям времен соответствующие им формы глагола:
1) V1 Vs a) Past Simple.
2) V2 b) Present Simple
3) will + V1 c) Future Simple
3. Подбери английской форме глагола русский перевод:
1) Translate а) переводил (вчера)
2) will translate b) переводит (обычно)
3) translated с)переведет (скоро)
4. Выбери форму глагола, нужную для перевода сказуемого в предложениях:
1) На доске мы пишем мелом.
a) write b) wrote с) will write
2) Мы будем читать этот текст в будущем году,
a) reads b) read c) will read
3) В субботу он ездил в деревню.
a) goes b) went с) will go
5. Употреби глагол в нужной форме:
1) cook
We … very well.
We ... yesterday evening.
We ... tomorrow.
2) watch TV
Father ... every evening.
He ... in two hours.
Father ... last morning.
3) Study
Mike ... at school.
He ... in the eleventh form next year.
He ... in the ninth form last year.
6. Употреби правильно вспомогательный глагол:
1) What... he usually do in the evenings?
a) do b) did c) does d) will
2) ... you write a letter to your friend next Sunday?
a) will b) do c) did d) does
3) Where ... they go last month?
a) do b) did c) will d) does
7. Переведи на английский язык выделенные глаголы:
1) Я делаю уроки по утрам.
2) Мы будем делать упражнение позже.
3)Вчера он делал уроки очень поздно.
8. Напиши по-английски:
1) Что вы любите читать?
2) Куда ты ездил вчера?
3) Кто будет готовить обед?
UNIT 4
EDUCATION IN THE USA
Table 1 US SCHOOL SYSTEM
| Name of School | Grade | Age of Students | Subjects |
| Nursery | 3—4 | Games, songs, creative playing | |
| Kindergarten | К | 5—6 | Games, drawing, crafts, beginning reading and writing |
| Elementary | 1 2 3 | 6—7 7—8 8—9 | Reading, writing, spelling, adding, drawing, music English, subtraction, spelling, drawing, music English, social studies, multiplication, music |
| 4 5 6 | 9—10 10—11 11—12 | English, social studies, division English, social studies, fractions English, social studies, decimals, science | |
| Junior High or Middle School | 7 8 | 12—13 13—14 | English, social studies (history), math, science, foreign language, home economics English, social studies (history), math, science, foreign language, home economics |
| High School Freshman or Ninth grader | 14—15 | Core Courses:English, algebra, social studies (history), biology, foreign language Electives: Music, art, typing, bookkeeping, technical education, home economics, computer science, drama | |
| Sophomore or Tenth grader | 15—16 | Core Courses: English, geometry, social studies (history), chemistry, foreign language Electives: Music, art, typing, economics, technical education, home economics, computer science, drama | |
| Junior or Eleventh grader | 16—17 | Core Courses:English, trigonometry, social studies (history), physics, foreign language Electives: Music, art, typing, economics, technical education, home economics, computer science, drama | |
| Senior or Twelfth grader | 17—18 | Core Courses:English, calculus, social studies (history), foreign language Electives:Music, art, typing, economics, technical education, home economics, computer science, drama |
Vocabulary:
core course — основной курс
a thesis, a dissertation — диссертация
electives — факультативные дисциплины
a residency — аспирантура
a degree — научная степень
UNIT 5
Упражнение 1.
Откройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
1. Timothy (to feed) his dog.
2. Mr. Jones (to clean) his yard.
3. Nancy (to paint) her kitchen.
4. Our neighbors (to wash) their car.
5. I (to wash) my hair.
6. Who (to fix) your sink?
7. What she (to do) now? – She (to dance).
8.I(to listen) to the radio.
9.She (not to type) her tests.
10.Why you (to shout)?
Упражнение 2.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Continuous.
1. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday.
2. My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday.
3. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o’clock yesterday. They (to play) volleyball.
4. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday.
5. You (to drink) tea at this time yesterday? – No, I (not to drink) tea at this time yesterday.
6. My sister is fond of reading. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday, and now she (to read) again.
7. I (to sleep) when she came home
8. She (not to read) now.
9. When I went into the garden, the sun (to shine) and the birds (to sing) in the trees.
10. What your father (to do) from eight till nine yesterday?
Упражнение 3.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. I (to go) to the cinema at four o’clock yesterday.
2. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me.
3. I (to do) my homework the whole evening yesterday.
4. When the World War (break), John (live) in Holland.
5. I (to work) in the library from five till eight yesterday.
6. I (not to play) the piano at four o’clock yesterday. I (to read) a book.
7. When I (to draw) yesterday, I (to break) two pencils.
8. We (to listen) to an interesting lecture yesterday.
9. They (to get) ready to go out when it (to begin) raining.
10. What you (to do) yesterday? - I (to translate) a very long article.
Упражнение 4.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. When I (to work) in the garden, my little sister (to sleep).
2. When Nick (to return) home, his brother (to play) with his toys.
3. When mother (to ring up) home, I (to do) my homework.
4. When father (to repair) the car, Pete (to watch) the process.
5. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet.
6. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea.
7. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table.
8. While I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my gold earring.
9. He (to turn off) the electricity when I (to listen to) the radio.
10. She (to look) out of the window when I (to see) her.
Упражнение 5.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. Father (to watch) TV at ten o’clock yesterday.
2. I (to go) to bed at nine o’clock yesterday.
3. I (to finish) my homework at nine o’clock yesterday.
4. I (to play) the piano at five o’clock yesterday.
5. He (to begin) to do his homework at four o’clock yesterday.
6. She (to wash) the floor at four o’clock yesterday.
7. He (to get) up at 7 yesterday.
8. She (to fall) asleep at 11 yesterday.
9. Mother (to drink) tea at 11 yesterday.
10. They (to meet) at the street 2 hours ago.
Упражнение 6.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из будущих времен: Future Simple, Future Continuous.
1. I (to do) my homework at six o’clock tomorrow.
2. When I get home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper.
3.When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read) your book.
4. Don’t call on us tonight! We (to pack).
5. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening.
6. What you (to do) at eight tomorrow?
7. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow?
8. When we arrive in St.-Petersburg, it probably (to rain).
9. When you (to go) to see your friend next time?
10. I (to wait) for you when you (to come).
Упражнение 7.
Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Приходи сегодня, я буду ждать.
2. Где он сейчас работает?
3. Кто-нибудь читает эту газету? Я хочу ее взять.
4. Он вошел в комнату, где его ждал экзаменатор.
5. Ты увидишь ее сегодня в институте?
6. Звонок раздался, когда я заканчивала писать сочинение.
7. Ты что, целую библиотеку несешь в портфеле? Он очень тяжелый.
8. Почему вы в свитере и брюках?
9. Интересно, над чем ты смеешься?
10. Он живет со своими родителями сейчас. Я думаю, он ищет работу.
UNIT 6
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Education is the best provision for old age.
Aristotle.
One's work may be finished some day,
but one's education – never!
Alexandre Dumas.
Children under the age of six are taken to crèchesand nursery schools or kindergartens in our country.
They go to school at the age of six. The course of studies at schools is 11 years now: 4 years of primary schooland 7 years of secondary school.
There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. The majorityof schools are free of charge.
In primary school there are three or four lessons a day. They usually are Reading, Writing, Arithmetic. A lesson lasts 40 minutes. The list of subjects in primary schoolsincludes: Handicrafts, Drawing, Music, Physical Education, World History of Arts, Fundamentals of Security, History, Geography and others. At a primary school all lessons are usually conducted by one teacher.
In secondary school there is a wide variety of subjectsand teachers specialize. After finishing the ninth form and gettingthe Certificate of Basic Secondary Education schoolchildren may either continue their education in the tenth form or go to the vocational schools and colleges.
At the end of the eleventh form the school-leavers take State Final exams and get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education.
Amonghigher educational establishments are institutes, academiesand universities. At the end of their last year the students take final examinations and get a diploma. Besides, they can take post graduate courses in the chosen field.
Do THE TASKS
UNIT 7
UNIT 8
Упражнение 1.
В следующих предложениях измените время глагола на Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Look! Someone is coming up to the back door.
2. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem.
3. I am learning a poem.
4. She is telling them an interesting story.
5. Kate is sweeping the floor.
6. The waiter is putting a bottle of lemonade in front of him.
7. The students are writing a dictation.
8. They are having tea.
9. I am buying milk for milk shakes.
10. You are putting the dishes on the table.
Упражнение 2.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. By two o’clock the teacher (to examine) all the students.
2. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (tо leave) my report at home.
3. All my friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the examinations successfully.
4. Poor Oliver was lying unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave) him.
5. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return) home.
6. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin).
7. Where you (to work) before you (to enter) the University?
8. Lanny (to say) that he (to get) his education in Cape Town.
9. When I came home, my mother (to tell) me she (to receive) a letter.
10. She (to think) Gert and Lanny (to quarrel).
Упражнение 3.
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из будущих времен.
1. I (to do) my homework by 6 tomorrow.
2. I (to do) all my work by the time you come.
3. You (to repair) this car by next Sunday?
4. You (to come) to my place tomorrow?
5. She (to see off ) me after they (to arrive) next time?
6. All the students (to pass) their exams by the end of this year.
7. I (to eat) before I (to go) to the university.
8. You (to give) all the documents for checking by the end of the working day.
9. I (to check up) my homework before she (to question) me.
10. I (to call) you every week.
Упражнение 4.
Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1.Ты съел весь кекс?
2. Что вы делаете? – Мы собираем яблоки. – Сколько вы уже собрали? – Мы собрали пять корзин.
3. Я сегодня делала покупки и наконец нашла тебе новые туфли.
4. Я работаю над этой темой с весны.
5. Секретарь еще не напечатала всех писем, когда я пришел.
6. Дождь еще не прекратился, кода мы вышли из дома.
7. Я вспомнил, что обещал своему приятелю вернуть ему английский учебник.
8. Я пойду домой после того, как закончу работу.
9. Она будет обедать после того, как распакует свои вещи.
10. Я дам вам знать, как только получу письмо от него.
11. К тридцати годам он станет великим музыкантом.
UNIT 9
MASS MEDIA
Classify the words into categories and add some of your own to each category:
Chat show, blog, magazine, sitcom, social media, reality show, web page, chat room, documentary, newspaper, soap opera, tabloid, text message updates, game show, text voting.
Skim the text and choose the most suitable word/phrase to substitute the words in bold in the given context:
1) audiences -a)people,b)viewers,c)listeners;
2) tool – a)means, b)device, c)appliance;
3) current – a)modern, b)real, c)happeningnow;
4) can be classified – a)can be divided, b)can be split, c)can be called;
5) fortnightly – a)every forty weeks, b)every two weeks, c)every four nights;
6) yearly – a)very early, b)during one year, c)once a year;
7) has taken a back seat – a)has become less important, b)has failed, c)has taken a vacation;
8) gadgets – a)things, b)smart devices, c)smart phones;
9) provides – a)gives, b)recommends, c)promotes;
10) participate – a)make parts, b)take part, c)impersonate;
11) booming – a)successful, b)very loud, c)making a lot of noise;
12) to evolve – a)to become different, b)to adapt, c)to develop.
Mass media is a term which refers to communication devices, used to communicate and interact with a large number of audiences in different languages.Mass media are an inseparable part of our lives. They have become an effective tool of communication, spreading information, advertising and marketing, as well as entertainment and sharing views and ideas.
Print media include newspapers, magazines, booklets and brochures, newsletters, flyers, billboards, press releases, and books. Before electronic communication was invented, newspapers had been the best way to reach a wider audience. They were the only way people could learn about the daily news. Today newspapers carry all kinds of information from topics related to politics, current events and economy to entertainment, book and movie reviews. In general, newspapers can be classified into three main groups: popular newspapers or “tabloids” which have gossip and no serious news; quality newspapers, also called “broad sheets” which have more pages and serious articles about business, politics and science; and finally, local newspapers which report local news.
Magazines are another type of the culture print media. They can be published weekly, fortnightly, bi-monthly, quarterly, half-yearly, or yearly. Magazines are often more popular and have a longer “lifespan” than newspapers.
All in all the printed form of communication was popular earlier. However, with the coming of electronic media, print media has taken a backseat.
Electronic media is the kind of media which requires the user to utilize an electric connection to access it. It is also known as 'Broadcast Media'. It includes television, radio, the Internet, computers, telephones, and other modern gadgets.
For many people, it is impossible to imagine a life without their television sets, be it the daily news, or even the soap operas. It is a popular means of communication which provides both information and entertainment. This category also includes electronic media like movies, CDs and DVDs.
Radio lost its popularity with the boom of television. But even today, radio remains one of the favourite means of electronic communication. Moreover, it is an interactive means of communication with all the dial-in programmes which give the listeners an opportunity to participate.
Mobile phones, computers, and Internet are often referred to as the new-age media. Internet has opened up several new opportunities for mass communication which include e-mail, websites, podcasts, e-forums, e-books, blogging, Internet TV, and many others which are booming today. Internet has also started social networking sites which have redefined mass communication all together. Sites like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have made communication to the masses all the more entertaining, interesting, and easier! More and more people are choosing e-newspapers, eBooks, e-brochures, etc. Internet has completely transformed the traditional ideas of communication.
With the advancements in technology, mass media will continue to evolve and all you will have to do is to keep yourself informed about the latest innovations in mass communication!
Read the text again and ask/answer the questions in pairs:
1) Using the information from the text explain the meaning of the term “Mass Media”
2) How did people know what was happening in the world before TV and the Internet appeared?
3) What print media do you use in your everyday life?
4) What is the other name for “electronic media”?
5) What media do you use for everyday communication?
6) In your opinion what new hi-tech communication gadget will be invented in the next five years?
7) Why radio is still one of the favourite types of the media?
UNIT 10
Internet-Addiction
1. Pros and cons of the Internet.Choose advantages and disadvantages among the given statements
- it can provide us with a huge amount of useful information
- you can find out the latest news there
- you neglect (пренебрегать, игнорировать) work, school, our relatives
- you can’t stop surfing the Internet for hours
- using the computer for a long time can cause headaches and loss of sleep
- it gives us a unique possibility to communicate online with people living in another country, even on another continent
-you can shop online
- you can download innumerable games, music, videos, movies, most of which are free
- your personal information such as your name, address, etc. can be accessed by other people
- … your own ideas
2. Text “Caught in the Net”
| Glossary solitaire – вид пасьянса custody - опека compound -осложнять cure -лечение | Maressa Orzak, a Harvard University psychologist, runs a special clinic for computer addicts. She is researching computer addiction, which she sees as a growing problem. She experienced it herself when she became hooked on playing solitaire on the computer instead of teaching herself a difficult new software programme, and since then she has studied people whose lives have been taken over by computers. One of them was a divorcee who lost custody of her children when her husband discovered she was neglecting them to spend ten or more hours a day on the web. Orzak defines computer addiction as “a disorder suffered by people who find virtual reality more attractive than everyday reality”. Symptoms include strange behavior, spending large sums of money on computers and software, and even mental health problems, but most sufferers compound the problem by denying it. One of the strategies Orzak uses to treat the condition, based on her own experience of addiction, is to encourage her patients to limit the amount of time they spend in front of a computer. |
3. Make a list of signs of computer addiction mentioned in the article:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 11
1. Перепишите предложения из активного залога в пассивный
1. Nobody has used this room for ages.
2. We will give you the keys tomorrow.
3. Someone is interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment.
4. By the time I arrived, someone had already opened all your letters.
5. We usually talk briefly about the problems of the family at dinner time.
2. Выберите правильный вариант
1. This theatre … (build) over 100 years ago.
a. had been built
b. has been built
c. was built
2. Is your car still for sale? — No. It … already (sell).
a. has been sold
b. had been sold
c. was sold
3. Sometimes mistakes … (make).
a. are made
b. are being made.
c. have been made
4. For the past few days I (work) in Jack’s office, as my own … (decorate).
a. have been working/ is being decorated
b. worked/ decorated
c. am worked/ is being decorated.
5. While my friend … (talk) to me, his wallet .. (steal).
a. was being talked/ was being stolen
b. was talking/ was stolen
c. talked/stole
6. Where is your friend Bob? — - I don’t know. He … (not/ seen) recently.
a. hasn’t seen
b. didn’t see
c. hasn’t been seen
7. If someone … (report) you to the police, you … (make) to pay a big fine.
a. reports/ will be made
b. will report/ will make
c. is reported/ will be made
8. Professor … ( give) another lecture at the same time next week.
a. will have been given
b. will be given
c. will give
9. Look at the dust in here! It … (look) as if this room (not/clean) … for a month.
a. is looked/ hasn’t cleaned
b. looks/ hasn’t been cleaned
c. has looked/ isn’t cleaned
10. The door … (open) and a young lady … (come in). It should be admitted that the door … (open) by herself.
a. opened/ came in/ was opened
b. was opened/ came in/ was opened
c. opened/ came in/ opened
UNIT 12
Упражнение 1. Вставьте модальные глаголы «can, may, must».
1. ". . . you help me with my English?" "Yes, I . . . ." 2. We . . . all have a good rest. 3. ". . . I sit down?" "Yes, you . . . ." 4. I . . . study English hard because I want to read technical literature. 5. You . . . speak English at the lesson. 6. ". . . she go home now?" "No, she . . . because she has much work to do."”
Упражнение 2. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, стараясь сформулировать п