XII. Заполните пропуски в предложениях соответствующими союзными словами и союзами.
1. Luca Pacioli is often named … referring to the history and development of accounting.
| a. what | b. why | c. when |
2. It is a good idea to learn about the different accounts because that way you will be more likely to choose the one … is most suited to your needs.
| a. that | b. when | c. why |
3. A central bank is an institution … money is printed and monetary policy is set.
| a. why | b. where | c. that |
4. The first important thing when you are choosing a loan is to make sure you know … the different types of bank loans are.
| a. what | b. when | c. why |
5. You should always consider your risk tolerance and time horizon … allocating portions of your portfolio to various asset classes.
| a. that | b. when | c. what |
XIII. Прочитайте текст и укажите, верны (True) или нет (False) следующие за ним утверждения.
Accounting
Accounting is the measurement, processing and communication of financial information about economic entities. Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants.
Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, auditing, and tax accounting. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to external users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers; and management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management. The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the most common system.
Accounting is facilitated by accounting organizations such as standard-setters, accounting firms and professional bodies. Financial statements are usually audited by accounting firms, and are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). An audit of financial statements aims to express or disclaim an opinion on the financial statements. The auditor expresses an opinion on the fairness with which the financial statements presents the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of an entity, in accordance with GAAP and "in all material respects". An auditor is also required to identify circumstances in which GAAP has not been consistently observed.
1. Accountants deal with the financial state of business enterprises, fixing accounting data.
| a. True | b. False |
2. Accounting is not divided into special fields, it’s a simple sphere.
| a. True | b. False |
3. Bookkeeping is concerned with the recording of social transactions.
| a. True | b. False |
4. Professional accounting organizations facilitate accounting by setting new reasonable accounting standards.
| a. True | b. False |
5. The auditor decides if financial position, results of operations and cash flows of an entity are fully and fairly presented on the financial statements.
| a. True | b. False |
Устная тема
“Company structure”
A strict organizational structure is important for the efficient operating of a company. The Managing Director is the executive of a firm. He or she is responsible for running the company and is accountable to the Board.
The Managing Director is assisted by several departments. These are the Production department, which is responsible for producing high quality goods. The Human Resources Department, which is responsible for recruiting personnel and training. Then there is the Financial Department, which takes care of corporate finance, accounting and taxes. The Marketing Department is in charge of promoting the company products. The Sales Department is responsible for making contact with customers and obtaining orders from those contacts.
A company can have the R&D (research and development) Department, which works on new product development and existing product improvement.
Customers’ enquires and complaints are usually managed by employees of the Customer Services Department.
Sometimes the parent company has its subsidiaries abroad. They present the company’s interest in other countries and report to the Export Sales Department which in turn is accountable to the Board.