Regimentation scope aspire fulfillment

Most adults (a)______ to more leisure but, in fact, not many people have the

necessary (b)______ to use the free time they already have very (c)______. The sad fact is that we need work because it imposes the discipline we need. Life seems (d)______ and we secretly look forward to our work again. We dream about personal (e)______ but probably find it more in our work than in our leisure time. This depends on age. The young are free from work and responsibility, and freedom comes naturally to them. However, after they begin jobs they become (f)______ to work. They find they need it, however much they complain about its routine and (g)______. Obviously this again depends on the kind of work. Those with (h)______ jobs, or jobs which require (i)______, receive genuine satisfaction from their work, but most of us are in conventional (j)______ jobs which offer little (k)______ for imagination. We leave our work only to face a leisure that we find difficult to cope with. Our mistake is in regarding leisure as a chance to do nothing, whereas in fact it should be looked on as a (l)______.

6.13. Put one of the following words in each space in the sentences below.

at in for to as off of

1. I’m interested ______ this job.

2. What did you study ______ university?

3. He has applied ______ Lufthansa ______ a job ______ an office manager.

4. This job advertisement looks interesting. I’ll send ______ an application form.

5. Have you filled ______ the form yet?

6. You must send ______ the form by 20 May.

7. He’s been ______ that job for two years.

8. She retired ______ the age of 60.

9. A commission means you get a percentage ______ what you sell.

10. The use ______ a company car is a nice perk to have.

11. The sixty applicants were reduced ______ a short-list of four.

ACQUIRING COMMUNICATION SKILLS

6.14. Match proper adjectives which would characrerize a person of each profession below and explain your choice.

a secretary

an accountant

the Sale Manager

the Director

Adjectives:

active, attentive, constructive, cooperative, creative, diplomatic, disciplined, energetic, extroverted, independent, methodical, realistic, sincere, systematic, tactful;

6.15. What kind of characteristics would you need to be a pilot, a waiter, a radio reporter, a surgeon, a fisherman, a bank accountant, an actor, a government official, a computer specialist, or a personnel manager? Some characteristics listed below can help you. Work with a partner.

· be pretty strong and fit

· be trustworthy, persistent and hardworking

· be punctual and careful at work

· be well-mannered and tactful

· be eloquent, witty and expressive

· be tolerant and attentive

· be bright and intelligent

· know local matters quite well

· know how to deal with difficult people

· know human nature and personal abilities

· have a dependable and agreeable personality

6.16. Read the text and answer the questions after it.

Recruitment

There are many ways in which an organization can recruit personnel. Posting a list of vacancies on the company notice-board or publishing it in employee magazines is fairly common and gives current employees the opportunity of applying for a position. Similarly, a subordinate may be referred for a position by his or her superior.

Another means of recruiting internally is to search in the organization’s existing files. Some companies have a data base of their employees’ skills and special interests. Reviewing these files periodically may reveal employees who are well-suited to a particular position.

Although recruiting people within the organization can have many advantages, it does have its limitations. If companies wish to be dynamic it is essential to inject new blood from time to time. Similarly, existing employees may not have the necessary skills that the position requires. Consequently, it is often necessary to recruit people from outside the organization.

Advertising is a commonly used technique for recruiting people from outside. The advertising medium should be chosen according to the type of public the organization is aiming at. If a highly specialized person is required, a speciality publication such as trade magazine may be most appropriate. National newspapers and magazines sometimes carry a Senior Appointments section for specialized personnel. Many national and local newspapers have a General Appointments section, or a Classified Ads section for less specialized personnel. Radio and television advertising of vacancies is relatively underdeveloped in most countries.

Employment agencies may be another source of recruitment. State-backed agencies compete with private agencies in many countries. In general, private agencies charge a fee whereas public sector agencies offer their services free of charge. Another difference is that private agencies tend to offer more specific services; for example, they may specialize in a particular area of recruitment such as temporary secretaries, middle managers or senior executives. They may also include search services, otherwise known as headhunting, or provide management consulting.

Current employees are sometimes encouraged to refer friends, family and ex-colleges to fill a particular vacancy. This is particularly true in occupations such as nursing where there is a shortage of trained people.

Other valuable sources of recruitment may be university campuses, trade unions, professional organizations and unsolicited applications.

Questions:

1. What are the main types of recruiting?

2. What are the types of internal recruitment?

3. Why do companies often recruit employees from outside?

4. What are some of the ways of looking for a job? Which is the best one, as you think?

6.17. Work with a partner. Choose two jobs each - the one you would most like to have and the one you would least like to have. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two jobs you have chosen. Use the expressions below.

How to ask for an opinion:

What do you think of/about …?

What’s your opinion of …?

How do you find …?

How do you feel about …?

How to disagree politely with an opinion:

Do you really think so?

I would agree on that.

You must be joking! (informal)

I’m not so sure/ certain about that, I’m afraid. (informal)

6.18. Work with a partner. React to the following statements. Use the model below.

Model: I’m not working now; the baby’s due in 3 weeks. - She’s on maternity leave.

1. I’ve lost my job. They had to make cutbacks.

2. He is enjoying his life on a pension, although he’s only 58.

3. She has been appointed as a senior sales manager at MBC.

4. I was late so often, so I lost my job last moth.

5. I start work at nine o’clock and go home at five.

6. Your trouble is you are obsessed with work!

6.19. a) The quiz below was devised by a firm of occupational consultants to match people to jobs scientifically. They have divided the modern professional world into four areas of work: People; Procedures and Systems; Communications and Arts; Science and Engineering. Think of two professions to illustrate each group. b) Do the quiz to find out what job suits you best. Discuss your results in class.

Instruction for the quiz

Simply indicate whether you think the statements are True or False. There are no right or wrong answers, just which are true or false for you. Circle only one alternative for each statement.

People	True	False
I always think of other people’s opinions before making decisions.	A	C
I like working with statistic.	C	A
I always help a colleague who has family problems.	A	C
I frequently forget where I leave things.	B	C
I cannot often persuade others to see my point of view.	C	B
Personal insults don’t worry me	C	A
In a new group of people I often feel anxious.	C	B
I enjoy telling other people about my achievements.	C	A
I am bored by mundane tasks.	B	C
I always like to win when I take part in some competing activity.	C	A
I am easily persuaded by the majority opinion.	C	B
If I can choose, I do things my way first.	C	A
Success in my job is very important to me.	B	C
I like tasks which require a lot of physical and mental efforts.	B	C
I often question myself about how I really feel.	A	C
If someone upsets me, I tell them that they have right away.	C	B
Scoring:
A-answers B-answers Total A & B answers
Procedures and Systems	True	False
I like keeping things in order.	A	C
I am quick at making conclusions about most things.	C	A
Traditional solutions are the best.	A	C
Other people’s problems don’t interest me.	B	C
I rarely question or doubt what other people say.	C	B
I don’t often finish tasks on time.	C	A
I feel comfortable in nearly all social situations.	C	B
I like to predict results before beginning to do anything.	A	C
I like working under pressure.	B	C
I enjoy being challenged by new tasks.	C	A
People are usually convinced by my arguments.	C	B
Checking details is not one of my strong points.	C	A
Clear and distinct thoughts are important to me.	B	C
I find it hard to express myself when being in a group of people.	B	C
I always try to finish what I start something.	A	C
The beauty of nature often astounds me.	C	B
Scoring:
A-answers B-answers Total A & B answers
Communications and the Arts	True	False
I would like to present TV programs.	A	C
I sometimes find it difficult to say what I mean.	C	A
I think I could write good short stories.	A	C
I could do drawings for new designs.	B	C
My knowledge of the arts is rather limited.	C	B
I prefer doing practical things to reading or creative writing.	C	A
I rarely notice the design of clothes.	C	B
I enjoy talking to others about their opinions.	A	C
I am full of creative ideas.	B	C
I find most fiction rather uninteresting.	C	A
I am not very inventive.	C	B
I am a very down-to-earth person.	C	A
I would like to exhibit my photographs or paintings for others to see.	B	C
I could design something visually attractive.	B	C
Translating into or from foreign languages would appeal to me.	A	C
Unconventional people make me feel uncomfortable.	C	B
Scoring:
A-answers B-answers Total A & B answers
Science & Engineering	True	False
I am good at finding weak points in arguments.	A	C
I nearly always make spontaneous decisions.	C	A
Thinking up new ideas is easy for me.	A	C
I am not good at persuading others.	B	C
I enjoy organizing things in advance.	C	B
Abstract thinking helps solve problems.	C	A
Mending things is not one of my strong points.	C	B
Talking about possibilities that might never happen is enjoyable.	A	C
Other’s people comments about me don’t hurt me.	B	C
I try to solve problems by intuition and personal feelings.	C	A
I don’t always finish something that I begin.	C	B
I don’t try to hide my emotions.	C	A
I find it easy to find solutions to practical problems.	B	C
Traditional methods are usually the best ones.	B	C
My independence is very important to me.	A	C
I enjoy reading classical literature.	C	B
Scoring:
A-answers B-answers Total A & B answers

Interpretation:

Ignore all C responses. They simply indicate a lack of interest in a particular area, and should not be included in your scoring. You should now have four scores, each between 0 and 16. A score 0-4 shows very little interest in a particular area. 5-12 is about average. A score of 13 and over shows a strong interest, and the highest of your scores indicates which area of work is most likely to suit the requirements of your individual personality.

People

Within the world of People, if you have more A than B answers, you are more interested in caring for people than in influencing them. You should therefore be looking for a career in the medical, welfare or education fields: for example, doctor, dentist, psychiatrist, health visitor, radiographer, social worker, speech-therapist, teacher, or lecturer. But if you have scored more B than A answers, you are more likely to feel at home in a job involving control, commerce or management: for example, prison officer, security guard, sales representative, marketing manager, property developer, advertising executive, market researcher, in the armed forces, or police.

Procedures and Systems

If your original score places you in the world of Procedures and Systems, more A’s than B’s point to a career in administrative, legal or clerical work: for example, civil servant, office manager, Personnel manager, company secretary, solicitor, professional secretary, librarian, archivist, book researcher, or records officer. If you have more B than A answers, the chances are that your interest in Procedures and Systems will be better catered for in finance and data processing. Suitable careers include: accountancy, banking, valuing, economics, computer programming, and systems analysis.

Communications and the Arts

In the world of Communications and the Arts, a higher A than B score should point you towards the media, literature, or languages. Occupations include: journalist, radio or television presenter, advertising copy writer, translator or public relations officer.

A higher B than A score, on the other hand, indicates that you are more suited to the design and visual arts. Suitable careers include graphic designer, cartographer, architect, interior designer, window dresser, theatrical designer, fashion designer, or photographer.

Science and Engineering

The main division in this area is between research and practice. More A’s suggest research, more B’s suggest practice. Since most careers in this world have opportunities for both research and applied work, it is not possible to make specific suggestions to individuals on the basis of their A and B responses. Careers may include biologist, physicist, chemist, mechanical, and civil engineer.

6.20. Work in a small group. Answer the questions and present your opinions in class.

General issues:

1. At what age do people usually begin to work and retire in Russia? At what age would you like to retire?

2. How many days a week do you work? How many hours a week do you work?

3. Do women usually work after they get married in your country?

4. If you had to choose between a satisfying job and a well-paid one, which would you choose? If money weren't a problem for you, which job would you prefer to have?

5. Do you think women and men should be paid the same for the same job?

6. Do you think women are good bosses? Are there women bosses in your country?

7. What are some common occupations in your country? What are some common jobs for men and women in your country? Are there any jobs that children do?

8. What kind of volunteer work have you done?

9. When you were a child, what did you want to be when you grew up?

10. What do you hope to spiritually gain from your future job?

11. Are you self-employed? Have you always been self-employed? Would you rather be self-employed in our future job?

12. Is it easy to start a business in Russia?

6.21. How would you generally feel, happy or unhappy if your were in the following situations. Use the words in bold to help you decide.

1. The company you work for is well-known for its job security.

2. You were suddenly made redundant.

3. You received a promotion.

4. You were given an increment.

5. You worked unsociable hours.

6.You hada steady job.

7. You hadadverse working conditions.

8. You suddenly found yourself unemployed.

9. You took time off work because of repetitive strain injury.

10. The office where you work has sick building syndrome.

11. You receive regular perks as part of your job.

12. Somebody called you a workaholic.

13. Your company doesn’t give you many incentives.

14. Your boss announces that there is going to be some downsizingof the workforce.

15. Your work didn’t offer much job satisfaction.

16. Your company has a generous incentive scheme.

17. You receive a commissionfor the work you have done.

18. You receive support from a union.

19. You were forced to resign.

20. You received a cut in your salary.

21. Your company gave you sickness benefit.

22. You found your job very demanding.

6.22. a) Read the dialogue about organizational structure of US companies. What are the major features of this structure?

Russian specialist: You are one of the leading experts on management. What are the general principles of company organizational structure in the US?

American expert: Basically, it’s a functional form of organization with departments for marketing, production, finance and so on.

Russian specialist: If I’m not mistaken, this form is more common for small firms, isn’t it?

American expert: Yes, it is. As firms become larger and more complex, departmentalization by product, territory or customer may be more effective.

Russian specialist: I see. Organization structure also includes an idea of relationship between positions and people who hold the positions. What can you say here?

American expert: The oldest type of organization structure is the line organization.

Russian specialist: Yes, but as far as I know, the line organization works only for small companies. Large companies need people who are not part of a chain of command.

American expert: That’s right. Large companies need people like lawyers, financial and pother experts whose jobs are known as staff positions. Large companies use a line and staff organization structure.

Russian specialist: And what span of management is best?

American expert: You’ve raised the most difficult question I must say. There is no one to answer it. In general, a broad span of management reduces the total number of managers, but a narrow span makes possible close supervision.

Russian specialist: What’s the most typical management hierarchy in US companies?

American specialist: Typically, there are three levels within management. They are supervisory managers, middle managers and top managers.

Russian specialist: What’s your idea of a well-managed business?

American expert: I, personally, believe that a business is well managed if everyone has a clear idea of what his or her job is.

Russian specialist: I can’t agree more with you here.

b) Work with a partner and make similar dialogues to discuss organization structure of UK companies and Russian companies. Use the charts below.

Managers and executives: UK