The Future Perfect Progressive

Ex. 298.Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the use of the Future Perfect Progressive.

1. Next year I will have been living in Moscow for thirty years. 2. Next month we shall have owned this house for ten years. 3. When he is forty, he will have been learning English for twenty five years. 4. By the time the manager turns up, the customers will have been waiting for him for several hours. 5. He complains that by May he will have been reading "War and Peace" for five months. 6.1 shall have been staying here just a year this July.

Ex. 299.Translate into English.

1. К первому сентября этого года я уже десять лет буду работать в этом университете. 2. В июле будет год, как они женаты. 3. К тому времени, как ты проснешься завтра утром, мы уже три часа будем лететь над Ев­ропой. 4. К маю будет пять лет, как он водит эту ма­шину. 5. Они будут экспериментировать в этой обла­сти уже много лет к концу тысячелетия. 6. К тому времени, как приедет полиция, детектив уже два часа будет изучать место происшествия.

Ех. 300. Read the sentences and comment on the ways future 'actions can be expressed.

1. Their plane arrives at two o'clock in the morning. 2. I'm away on holiday next week. 3. The sun rises at 5.30 tomorrow. 4. She's making a speech at the conference next week. 5. I'm going to town next week. 6.1 think it's going to rain. 7. Alison is going to enter the university this year. 8. This Saturday Nora will be celebrating her birthday. 9. We are to meet after lunch. 10. He is to be in court tomorrow morning. 11. Who is going to be the next to take the floor? 12. The new tax is to be introduced next week.

Test Your Tenses

Ex. 301.

A TV correspondent is interviewing a famous woman author , Who is eighty-five years old. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

C: I'd like to ask you some questions about the changes you (see) in your lifetime. What is the biggest change you (notice) in the way people live?

A: That's a difficult question to answer. I guess it is the change in the younger generation. Young people (change) a lot recently. In my day, young people (be) very different.

C: In what way they (change)?

A: To my way of thinking, they (become) too casual and much too liberal in language, in dress, and in attitude in general. I guess I'm just old-fashioned.

C: Would you give me an example of what you mean?

A: Here's a small example. For the last fifteen years, since my youngest granddaughter (leave) high school, students (wear) blue jeans and T-shirts to school. Even some women-teachers (wear) pants in the classroom recently. In my day, they (kick) you out of school when you not (dress) properly.

C: What you're saying is true. Even professors at the universities (lecture) in blue jeans nowadays.

A: It also seems to me that young people (tend) to start dating at an earlier and earlier age. They start dating at thirteen, and, as you know, many couples (live) together without being married. That (be) unthinkable in my day.

C: And what is the biggest change that you personally (experience)?

A: I suppose getting married was the biggest change.

C: How long ago you (get) married?

A: I (get) married sixty years ago. My husband and I (live) happily together ever since.

C: Congratulations. It's nice to meet someone who (be) married for so long and (be) still happy.

Ex. 302.Make the right choice

1. George is on holiday. He ... to Barbados, a. is gone b. has gone c. has been 2. Everything is going well. We ... any problems so far. a. didn't have b. don't have c. haven't had 3. Nelly has lost her passport again. It's the second time this ... . a. has happened b. happens c. happened 4. You're out of breath. ... ? a. Are you running b. Have you run c. Have you been running 5. Where's the letter I gave you? What ... with it? a. have you done b. have you been doing c. are you doing 6. We're good friends. We ... each other for a long time, a. know b. have known c. knew 7. Sindy has been writing this programme... . a. for a month b. since six months c. six months ago 8. "... this week?" "No, he's on holiday." a. Is Bill working b. Does Bill work c. Does work Bill 9. John ... tennis once or twice a week. • a. is playing usually b. is usually playing c. usually plays 10. How ... now? Better than before? a. you are feeling b. do you feel c. are you feeling 11. Tracey ... her hand when she was cooking dinner, a. burnt b. was burning c. has burnt

Ex 303. A. Read, translate and retell the text

I walked home from school with Beth Ann. Beth Ann Bartels is my best friend, I guess. We're very different, but we have been friends, with no fights, since the fourth grade. I tell her just about everything, and she tells me everything, even things I do not want to know, like what she ate for breakfast and what her father wears to bed and how much her new sweater costs. Sometimes things like that are just not interesting.

I always stop at Beth Ann's house for a little while before I go home. We have this little routine. We go in and the house is so quiet, not at all like my house which is a complete zoo at any hour of day or night. Her house is also always immaculately clean, as if someone had just raced through with a duster and a vacuum cleaner or as if no one really lived there. Our house always has people's clothes lying all over; socks on the stereo, jackets on the kitchen table, everyone's papers and books clumped in piles on chairs and counters. So, I like to stop at Beth Ann's house before I go home.

Beth Ann's parents both work and so does her elder sister Judy, so we have the house to ourselves. We always go into the kitchen and I sit at the table while Beth Ann takes out a bottle of Coca Cola and a bag of potato chips. In our house, stuff like that would disappear in about ten minutes.

After about a half-hour she goes into her room and changes her clothes and hangs everything up. She has special hangers for her skirts so she can put six skirts on one hanger. Her closet is very, very neat. The closet that I share with Maggie is just a mad jumble of hangers and the clothes are always falling off and they are wedged in so tightly that you can't ever see anything and when you go to get something, things fall off other hangers and on the floor are piles of old shoes ad boots. I don't know why we are such slobs. The other day, I found m the bottom of my closet, back in the corner, a pair of shoes I had in the fifth grade! Lord.

B. Do you tike or dislike to visit your friends' houses⁷ Is your closet neat? Does it relax you to put your things in order?

Ex. 304.Use the right form of the verbs in brackets

1.1 found Mother at one of the counters in the kitchen. She (slice) the chilled boiled potatoes I (make) earlier. She (have) a cup of coffee next to her, and a cigarette (dangle) from her mouth. I hated her to smoke around us, and most especially when she (work) in the kitchen. "Mother, you (mind) not smoking when you (prepare) food?" "I not (drop) cigarette ash in the salad, if that's what you (get) at," she answered. "I know you're not. I just hate the smoke, Mom. Please, put it out. If not for your health or mine, at least for your grandchildren's sake. You know what they (say) about second-hand smoke." "But the kids live in Manhattan. Think of all the polluted air they (breathe) in there." "Only too true, Mother," I (snap), "but let's not add to the problem of air pollution out here, shall we?"

II."Why I not (go) into the kitchen and start on the potato salad?" my mother said. "Oh, but Diana's going to make that." "Good heavens, Mallory, what an Englishwoman (know) about making an ail-American potato salad for an all-American celebration like Independence Day? Independence from the British, I (may) add." "You not (have to) give me a history lesson." "I (make) the salad," she sniffed. "It always (be) one of my specialities, in case you (forget)."

Ex 305. A. Read, translate and retell the text

Ever since my childhood, I have loved nature and the wild creatures who inhabit the countryside, and I have encouraged Jamie and Lissa to respect all living things, to treasure the animals, birds, and insects that frequent Indian Meadows.

Unconsciously, and very often without understanding what they are doing, some children can be terribly cruel, and it always makes me furious when I see them hurting small, defenseless animals, pulling wings off butterflies, grinding their heels into earthworms and snails, throwing stones at birds. I made up my mind long before the twins were born that no child of mine would ever inflict pain on any living thing.

I am extremely partial to the old stonewall property, mostly because it is home for a number of small creatures. I know for a fact that two chipmunks live inside it, as well as a baby rabbit and a black snake. Although I know the chipmunks well and have spotted the bunny from time to time, I have never actually seen the snake. But our gardener, Anna, has, and so have the twins. At least, this is what they claim, most vociferously. To make nature more personal, to bring it closer to them, I invented stories about our little friends who inhabit the garden wall. I tell Jamie and Lissa tales about Algernon, the friendly black snake, who has a weakness 177

for chocolate-covered cherries and wishes he had a candy store; about Tabitha and Henry, the two chipmunks, married with no children, who want to adopt; and about Angelica, the baby bunny rabbit, who harbours an ambition to be in the Fifth Avenue Easter Parade. Jamie and Lissa have come to love these stories of mine; they can't get enough of them, in fact, and I have to repeat them constantly. In order to satisfy my children, I'm forever inventing new adventures, which entails quite a stretch of the imagination on my part.

B. Speak about your attitude toward nature What are your childhood experiences with animals?

Ex. 306.Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

It was gray and overcast as I (leave) the hotel and (head) towards Berkley Square. I glanced up at the sky. It was leaden and promised rain, which Andrew (predict) before he (go) to the office earlier. Instead of walking to Diana's, which I usually (like) to do, I (hail) a cab and (get) in. Just in time, too. It (begin) to drizzle as I (slam) the door and (give) the cabbie the address. English weather, I (think) glumly, staring out the taxi window. It always (rain). But one not (come) to England for the weather, there (be) other, more important reasons to be here. I always (love) England and the English, and London (be) my most favourite city in the entire world. I (love) it even more than my hometown, New York.

Ex. 307.Translate into English.

Черный тюльпан

Много лет назад жил в Нидерландах, на окраине Гаа­ги, ничем не примечательный (unremarkable) человек по имени Ганс. Он был сапожником по профессии и к тому же очень хорошим. Голландцы, как известно, очень любят цветы, они в особенности славятся своими тюльпанами. И Ганс не был исключением. В течение многих лет он выращивал различные виды тюльпанов, пока в один прекрасный день не увидел в своем саду необыкновенный тюльпан. Он был черный. Никто раньше не выращивал черные тюльпаны, и Ганс очень гордился своим удивительным цветком. Новости, как вы знаете, распространяются очень быстро. И новость об уникальном цветке стала известна во всей стране. Многие хотели купить луковицу черного тюльпана, но сапожник-садовник и слушать об этом не хотел, хотя и очень нуждался в деньгах.

Однажды приехали к Гансу люди, которые предложи­ли ему столько денег, сколько он не заработал за всю свою жизнь, хотя он всегда был очень искусным мас­тером и трудолюбивым человеком. Ганс думал несколь­ко дней и сказал, что продаст луковицу. И неудиви­тельно! Ведь в то время, а именно в 1670 году, на эти деньги можно было купить несколько домов. Только после того, как он получил деньги и пересчитал их, он отдал этим людям свое сокровище. Не успели незна­комцы получить луковицу, как они бросили ее на зем­лю и стали топтать, пока от нее ничего не осталось. «Что вы делаете? Вы что, с ума сошли? — закричал потрясенный Ганс. — Я всю жизнь трудился, чтобы вырастить это чудо, а вы его уничтожили!» «Глупец, — ответили ему, — мы были готовы заплатить тебе в два раза больше. Дело в том, что мы тоже вырастили чер­ный тюльпан, но мы не хотим никаких конкурентов в этой стране!» Когда Ганс услышал, что он упустил шанс получить в два раза больше денег, чем те, что ему дали, он сошел с ума. Ну, а черные тюльпаны перестали со временем быть редкостью. Наиболее известные их сор­та называются: «Королева ночи», «Черная красавица», «Черная магия», «Черный герой».

Ex 308.Use the right term of the verbs in brackets

I. Harry (wake) early on Saturday morning and (lie) for a while thinking about the coming match. He (be) nervous since Monday, mainly at the thought of what Wood (say) if the team (lose). He never (want) to beat Slytherin so badly. He (get) up, (dress), and (go) down to breakfast early, where he (find) the rest of the team. They (sit) at the long, empty table. Nobody (talk).

II. A week later, Harry, Snape and Ron (walk) across the Entrance Hall when they (see) a small knot of people who (gather) around the notice-board and (read) a piece of parchment that just (pin up). "They (start) a Duelling Club!", (say) Ron. "First meeting tonight! I not (mind) duelling lessons, they (may) come in handy one of these days. We (go)?" Harry and Snape (be) all for it, so at eight o'clock that evening they (hurry) back to the Great Hall. "I wonder who (teach) us? I hope it (be) Frederick," said Snape.

REPORTED SPEECH.

THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Ex. 309. A. Change the sentences into reported speech according to the model

Model. Miranda says, "I work for a small publishing house." — Miranda says (that) she works for a small publishing house.

1. I'm going to work in England next year. 2. I'm their marketing manager. 3. The company has opened an office in London. 4. Up till now I've been very successful in my career. 5. I've been chosen to run the new office in London. 6. I'm studying English in the evenings. 7.1 don't have much time to enjoy myself. 8.1 haven't had lunch with a friend for ages. 9.1 hope my friends will come and visit me in London. 10.1 went there last week with my secretary. 11. We didn't have much time for sightseeing. 12.1 have to get back to work now.

B. Tell your friend what Miranda said

Ex 310.You are being interviewed for a job and are asked the owing questions When you come back home, tell your parents fiat questions you were asked

1. How old are you? 2. Where do you live? 3. What's your address? 4. What school did you go to? 5. When did you leave school? 6. Where are you working now? 7. Who are you working for? 8. How long have you been working? 9. Are you enjoying your present job? How big is your salary? 10. Why do you want to leave?

Ex 311. Translate into English

I. Интересно, который сейчас час. 2. Кто-нибудь мо­жет сказать мне, в чем дело? 3. Сейчас уже никто не может вспомнить, чья это ^5ыла идея. 4. Пожалуйста, скажите мне, куда идет этот автобус. 5. Интересно, чем он зарабатывает на жизнь. 6. Мы должны спросить кого-нибудь, где находится вокзал. 7. Тебе придется сказать нам, каковы твои ближайшие планы. 8. Ты можешь объяснить-мне, что тебе нужно? 9. В деканате вам скажут, когда заканчивается семестр. 10. Поли­ция не знает, чья это машина. Она без номеров.

II. Спроси кого-нибудь, какой сегодня день. 12. Вы не понимаете, как это серьезно.

Ex .312.Read the jokes and retell them in indirect speech

1. If an Englishman gets run down by a truck, he apologizes to the truck.

2. A foreign visitor to England is completely baffled by the language and struggles with the pronunciation of words such as "enough", "bough" and "though". He usually gives up altogether when he reads a local newspaper headline "Fete Pronounced Success".

3. An American tourist comes to London to stay at a top hotel. He picks up the phone one morning and asks for room service. He says, "I want three overdone fried eggs that are hard as a rock, toast that is burnt to a cinder and a cup of black coffee that tastes like mud."

"I'm sorry, sir," replies room service, "we don't serve breakfast like that." "Well, you did yesterday!"

4. An old woman from the country is visiting the big city for the first time in her life. She checks in at a smart hotel and lets the bellboy take her bags. She follows him but as the door closes, her face falls. "Young man," she says angrily. "I may be old and straight from the hills, but I ain't stupid. I paid good money and this room won't do at all. It's short of what I expected. It's too small and there's no proper ventilation. Why, there's not even a bed!"

"Ma'am," replies the bellboy, "this isn't your room. It's the elevator!"

Ex. 313.Read and translate the sentences Comment on the use of the Future in the Past

1. He knew that their paths would cross again. 2. Emma hoped that the baby would be a girl. 3.1 promised Edwina I would help her to dress the tree. 4. I knew you would do the right thing. I trusted you. 5. Maggie was a kind of woman a man wouldn't look at twice. 6. And he often thought that if he was lucky he would meet another woman one day and fall in love. He would get married again. And hopefully there would be a wife, a home, a family, and his own business. 7. He knew that with Frank in Venice, for a few days he would be able to shake his depression, and recharge his batteries completely. 8. The knowledge that she would have to leave him was an agony. She prayed to God every night that Sigi would succeed in getting the child out of Germany.

Ex. 314.Change the sentences into indirect speech Use the verbs in brackets

1. Smile, and say Cheese! (ask) 2. Now then, darling, don't cry! (beg) 3. Never trust a stranger! (advise) 4. Freeze! Dismiss! (command) 5. Never, never answer me back! (order) 6. Don't let's stand here in the middle of the road, (offer) 7. Open your mouth wide and say R! (ask) 182

8. Don't cheat like a crook, (warn) 9. Don't pull the cat's tail! He may scratch you. (order) 10. Make haste slowly, (advise) 11. Relax, it's not the end of the world, (recommend) 12. Now don't get me wrong, (warn) 13. Never say "never", (advise) 14. Welcome to Jurassic Park, (invite)

Ex 315.Change the sentences into indirect speech

1.1 confess that I'm a shopaholic. 2. Let me tell you that every time I see you, I'm shining like a candle in the night. 3. He is terribly sorry for the things he has done. 4. It's a beautiful fish, we shall let it go. 5. I'm sorry to say that I don't believe you and I never will. 6. The inspector worked hard, but it didn't get him anywhere. 7. This film is a work of fiction. 8. Can you kiss me goodbye? 9. We are having a very lazy time. 10. David saw a flying saucer last summer. 11. — I have a chronic headache. My organism needs a painkiller. — Take this pill. It will have an immediate effect. Though it may have some side effects as well.

Ex 316. Retell the following jokes in indirect speech

1. Dentist: Stop screaming! I haven't touched your tooth yet.

Barry: I know, but you're standing on my foot.

2. What are two reasons why men don't mind their own business? 1. no mind 2. no business.

3. Bill: Why the glum look?

Stan: I just don't understand today's world. My son wears an earring. My daughter has a tattoo. My wife makes twice what I do.

Bill: So what are you going to do?

Stan: I'm going home to my father.

4. When he found a six-year-old shoe-repair ticket in the pocket of an old suit, Brown called the shop to see if the shoes were still around.

"Were they black wing tips needing half soles?" asked a clerk.

"Yes," said Brown. "We'll have them ready in a week."

5. Mother to daughter:

— What kind of person is your new boyfriend? Is he respectable?

— Of course he is, Mom. He's thrifty, doesn't drink or smoke, has a very nice wife and three well-behaved children.

(from "Stupid Men's Jokes")

Ex. 317.Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the sequence of tenses in them.

1. Our Geography teacher told us at the last lesson that there aren't any unknown islands left on the Earth. 2. My Grandmother used to say that tastes differ and that I shouldn't be so choosy. 3. Don't leave, Katya. Ann said that we'll be having tea soon. 4. Melanie said she hadn't met Eddie since she (had) left the town. 5.1 replied that she should not be so noisy. 6. Bruno remarked that when he came in, Sonya was crying. 7. She noticed that the child ought to be more well-behaved. 8. Grace explained that when she left school, Donald was already studying at University. 9. Susan said that she (had) learnt how to eat with chopsticks when she was in Hong Kong. 10. He said that he could meet us at the airport. 11. Bill declared that he had owned the firm ever since he (had) started it in 1990.

Ex. 318.Use the right form of the verbs in brackets. Retell the texts

1. Two men were passengers on a four-engine plane. Suddenly, one engine (fail) and the pilot (announce) that the plane (be) now fifteen minutes late. A short time later another engine (go) out of order. The pilot (have to) announce they (be) thirty minutes late. Then the third engine (start) burning, and the stewardess announced that they (be) one hour late. At this point, one man (say) to his neighbour, "If the fourth engine (quit), we (can) (be) up here all day." 184

2. Sitting at home one afternoon, a retired doctor and his wife decided to call another couple to see what they (do). "Oh," (say) the other wife, "we just (drink) coffee and (talk)." The doctor's wife (hang) up the phone. "Why we not ever (do) that?" she (demand). And she (explain) that they just (drink) coffee and (talk). So, the doctor (tell) his wife to make them a pot of coffee. Soon they (sit) with their freshly brewed coffee, staring at each other. "Call them back," he (direct), "and find out what they (talk) about."

Ex 319.Retell the following jokes in indirect speech.

1. A man walked into the emergency room with both of his ears badly burnt. The man explained, "The phone rang and I picked up the iron by mistake." The nurse asked, "How did you burn the other ear?" "I did that," said the man, "when I went to phone the ambulance."

2. A telephone man was trying to measure the telephone pole but couldn't figure out how to climb up the pole. He radioed the office and they suggested that he should lay the pole down on the ground and measure it. The phone man didn't like that idea. "That won't work. I need to measure how high it is, not how long." 3. Did you hear about the man who died from jumping out of an airplane? It seems he was watching the movie, forgot where he was and stepped out for some more popcorn. 4. "I have good news and bad news," the defence attorney told his client. "First, the bad news. The blood test came back, and your DNA is an exact match with that found at the crime scene." "Oh, no!" cried the client. "What's the good news?" "Your cholesterol has gone down to 140."

(From "Stupid Men's Jokes")

Ex 320. Translate into English.

1. Туристы были очень удивлены. Никогда раньше они не видели такого количества людей. Но гид объяснил им, что это обычное явление в Гайд-Парке в хорошую погоду. 2. Они надеялись, что если мать поговорит _с ним, то он изменит свое решение. 3. Он позвонил на^ и сказал, что всю неделю идет дождь, но синоптики обещают хорошую погоду в начале следующей неде­ли. 4. Отец посмотрел на мои ботинки и сказал, что это просто позор, потому что я не чистил их неделя­ми. 5. Каролина сказала нам, что этот красивый ко­мод был в ее семье более двух веков и что сейчас оц очень ценный. 6. Мальчик сказал, что их путь лежал через лес. Снег перестал идти, сияло солнце. Они на­деялись, что вскоре доберутся до станции. 7. Я столк­нулся с Анжелой, когда проходил мимо банка. Мы не встречались с тех пор, как закончили университет. Она радостно поздоровалась со мной и сообщила, что только что открыла счет в этом банке. 8. Учительница объяс­нила шестилеткам, что земля круглая и что она вра­щается. Одна девочка очень удивилась и сообщила, что она всегда считала, что земля плоская. 9. У стены сто­ял старомодный шкаф, который видел лучшие време­на (дни). Хозяйка объяснила, что он принадлежал ее прабабушке.

THE PASSIVE VOICE

Ex.321.Change the sentences from active to passive

1. The teacher explains the new rule. 2. The teacher is explaining the new rule. 3. The teacher has explained the new rule. 4. The teacher explained the new rule. 5. The teacher was explaining the new rule. 6. The teacher had explained the new rule. 7. The teacher is going to explain the new rule. 8. The teacher will explain the new rule. 9. The teacher can explain the new rule. 10. The teacher should explain the new rule. 11. The teacher ought to explain the new rule. 12. The teacher must explain the new rule. 13. The teacher has to explain the new rule. 14. The teacher may explain the new rule. 15. The teacher might explain the new rule.

Ex 322. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. This program (run) by very good managers. 2. These workers usually (pay) monthly. 3. The public not (allow) to drive on the park roads. 4. This city (bomb) heavily in the war. 5. The editorial staff (call) to the conference room. 6. Tim studies hard. He hopes he (give) the highest grades this semester. 7. The lost children just (find) in the park. 8. The new computer system (install) at the moment. 9.1 (teach) to play chess by the time I was four. 10. He was getting the best care and treatment in the hospital, and he (monitor) night and day. 11. If all the money in the world (collect) and (divide) equally among all the people living on the Earth, each of us (give) three million dollars. 12. Don't worry! By the time we meet again, all your problems (solve). 13. We (tell) that the exact days for the talks not (set) yet. 14. It (decide) last week that this novel (televise). 15. \^he Olympic torch (pass) from one runner to the next one.

Ex 323. A. Read the following text and learn it by heart.

When packages don't arrive on timethings can't get done, people wait, clients leave, orders get backed up, jobs get lost, bosses get angry, people are disappointed, stores can't open, factories shut down, money gets lost, meetings are missed, conferences are cancelled, businesses can't open, blood pressure goes up, people can't work, promises are broken, trust is lost, opportunities are missed, deals aren't made, transactions never happen, ideas aren't shared, products don't get made, information is missed, and the person who used the shipping company that messed it up looks really really really bad. When packages do arrive on time the world works just fine.

B. Say what happens to you if you are not on time.

Ex. 324. Change the sentences from active to passive if possible

1. Doctors use this medicine widely. 2. They deliver milk before 8 a.m. 3. When I came to the service station, they were still repairing my car. 4. Jack walked to school yesterday. 5. Don't worry, our people will meet the group at the airport. 6. This man is installing a new xerox in the office. 7. We stayed in a three-star hotel. 8. The police arrested the wrong man mainly because they confused the names which the witness had given them. 9. They threw him into prison and deprived him of his property. 10. The leaves fell to the ground. 11. Have you received the message yet? 12. People are destroying large areas of forest every day. 13. Mary's cat ran away last week. 14.1 hope they will have completed the repairs by tomorrow. 15. Some people were using the tennis court, so we couldn't play. 16. No one has solved that problem yet. 17. Did someone invite you to the party? 18.1 agree with you, gentlemen. 19. This news surprised me. 20. Mr. Lee will teach this class.

Ex. 325. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

Nearly a quarter of a century has passed since this book first (publish). During this period several hundred thousand copies of the book (dispose) of, and it (sell) practically in every country in the world where English (teach) as a second language. Nevertheless, the twenty-fifth anniversary is so important an occasion that it (commemorate) with the publication of the new edition, which throughly (revise) and considerably (enlarge). Additional sections (include). Another innovation is that a list of irregular verbs in everyday use (introduce). These verbs intentionally (place) as endpapers for easy reference. Besides, the opportunity (take) of revising the book from cover to cover, bringing it up to date and introducing many little improvements here and there. Much care (give) to the preparation of the Index, which it (hope) will make the book a useful work of reference. The writer is of the opinion that the best results (achieve) if it (use) by the students both as a text book and as a book of reference.

Ex 326. Change the sentences from active to passive. Remember ; only one passive construction is possible with these verbs

1. If you want, I'll dictate the address to you. 2. The customer repeated his request several times. 3. In his speech the lecturer mentioned some historic dates. 4. The council pointed out some shortcomings in the project. 5. The client explained his terms clearly. 6. Sally described all the details of the incident vividly. 7. The chief announced the good news to everybody's delight. 8. The lawyer suggested the new strategy. 9. She pointed out the mistake to us. 10. The, policeman repeated his orders several times. 11. You won't get lost. We'll describe all the directions thoroughly. 12. I'll point him out to you.

Ex 327. Translate into English.

1. Нам объяснили, как работает аппарат. 2. Его так хорошо описали, что мы сразу поняли, что это он. 3. Письмо было продиктовано мне по телефону. 4. Об этом законе физики лишь упомянули, он не был объяс­нен студентам. 5. Тебе когда-нибудь объясняли зна­чение этих слов? 6. Сообщение повторялось каждые полчаса. 7. Им указали на их недостойное поведение. 8. Заказчикам предложили новые условия контрак­та. 9. На днях вам было указано на эту проблему. 10. Вся информация будет записана для нас автоот­ветчиком.

Ex. 328.Read the dialogue, paying special attention to the forms of the verbs in bold type Answer the questions given after it

Nina: What's wrong, Eugene? You look upset.

Eugene: You know I was hiredpart-time at the office this semester. I just got my first paycheck. N: So why are you so down? You should be happy

E: I was ... before. But when I looked at my paycheck and saw how much money was taken out in taxes, I couldn't believe it.

N: I feel the same way. Taxes are already high, and the government wants to raise them next year.

E: What! If taxes are raisedany more, I won't have any salary left. Are they kidding?

N: No, I guess they hope that a lot of problems will be solvedby increasing taxes.

E: But the cost of living is just too high. Why isn'tsomething doneabout it? If my rent is

raisedagain this year, I'll be forcedto move.

N: Everyone has the same problem. We are all askedto sacrifice a little.

E: What's it like for you? When wereyou last givena raise? Are your raises determinedby the cost of living?

N: No, I don't think so. I guess our raises are basedon merit. If the boss likes your work,

you're givena raise. If he doesn't you may even be fired.Cheer up,

Eugene. Life is still great!

1. Why does Eugene look upset?

2. How does he feel about the possibility that taxes will be raised next year?

3. Is Eugene having problems in making ends meet?

4. What will happen if this rent is raised again this year?

Ex. 329.Change the sentences from active to passive

1. You can hear this hit everywhere. 2. One can't learn a foreign language in a few weeks. 3. You shouldn't put fruit into the fridge. 4. She is a rude child. Her mother must teach her good manners. 5.1 have to complete the letter today. 6. Clara is going to mail these letters tomorrow. 7. Someone must call the police. 8. We ought to invite them, too. 9. They may raise the price of gas. 10.1 am going to paint the walls white. 11. The customer has to pay this bill. 12. You shouldn't carry large sums of money with you. 13. Aluminum is a valuable metal. You can use it again and again. Because you can recycle this metal, nobody should throw away aluminum cans. 14. People must protect endangered wildlife from extinction. 15. They may easily fool you.

Ex 330. Ask questions indicated in the brackets

1. Such equipment is sold in special shops, (in what shops?) 2. These files must be returned in two hours, (when?) 3. This picture gallery was destroyed by the fire. (how?) 4. This work can be done in two days, (in how many days?) 5. The money will be spent on medicine, (on what?) 6. Such questions are often asked by children, (by whom?) 7. The post will be delivered at 7 o'clock, (when?) 8. New roses have been planted in her garden, (what?) 9. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, (who?) 10. Rice is grown in many countries, (where?) 11. A new house is being built on Elm Street, (what?) 12. This report must be signed by Mr. Hardy, (who?) 13. These data will have been collected by the end of the year, (by what time?)

Ex 331. Change the sentences from active to passive

1. They offered me the vacancy. 2. The boss has given us all the instructions. 3. We showed the girls our buys. 4. Father promised Ted a new skateboard. 5. Somebody told him the truth. 6. The manager sent them the fax last night. 7. Ben offered the fellow a beer. 8. The expert recommended the client several solutions to the problem. 9. Grandmother gave me a wonderful cookery book. 10. Our partners promised us support and understanding. 11. The policemen showed us the way to the Tower. 12. They paid him a pretty sum of money. 13. They filled the glasses and made another toast. 14. They took these examples from literature.

Ex. 332.Translate into English

1. Академия наук была основана Петром Великим в 1725 году. 2. Вся важная информация обычно посы­лается электронной почтой. 3. Слово грамматика пи­шется с двумя «м». 4. Шесть месяцев спустя они об­венчались в местной церкви. 5. Когда все книги были пересчитаны, то оказалось, что одной не хватало. 6. Предпринимаются попытки освободить заложников. 7. Точные цифры пока что не были опубликованы. 8. Сливки были хорошо взбиты. 9. Мне сообщили об этом лишь вчера. 10. Грабители обнаружили, что код на сейфе был изменен. 11. Если главой предприятия выберут его, то все будут удивлены. 12. Дверь твоей машины уже неделю сломана. Ты собираешься ее ре­монтировать? 13. Мы чувствовали, что за нами следят. 14. Они надеялись, что будут приглашены на ужин. 15. Если что-то будет разбито, вам придется платить.

Ex. 333.Match the words or phrases in the column A and the correct endings in column В in the following signs and labels

A.

1. Rooms

2. Shoplifters

3. This wine

4. This dictionary

5. No goods

6. Applications

7. Bags

8. This building

B.

a. must not be removed from the library.

b. should be addressed to the office.

c. will be prosecuted.

d. must not be left unattended.

e. is protected by guard dogs.

f. can be exchanged without a receipt.

g. must be vacated by 12 p. m.

h. is best served at room temperature.

Ex 334. Change the sentences from active to passive

1. Philosophers very often refer to that quotation. 2. Have you sent for the doctor yet? 3. They spoke to me with great suspect. 4. Specialists regularly refer to this phenomena. 5. I'll try, but I don't think they will listen to me. 6. Don't put on this hat or people will laugh at you. 7. He lost sight of her in the crowd. 8. The examiner took no notice of her slip of the tongue. 9. Julia's boyfriend always waits for her after studies. 10. The surgeon is operation on the boy now. 11. People speak a lot about the latest events. 12. Don't worry. I'll look after your house plants properly while you're away. 13. They hoped their relations would take good care of the kids.

Ex 335. Translate into English

1. — Полицию вызвали? — Её вызвали десять минут назад. 2. Что за сумасшедшая идея! Только никому не говори, а то над тобой будут смеяться. 3. На сло­варь Хорнби часто ссылаются. 4. Профессор был уве­рен, что лекцию о сленге подростков будут вниматель­но слушать. 5. О последнем кинофестивале много го­ворят. 6. Хорошо ли за мальчиком присматривают в детском саду? 7. Сад был великолепным. Ему всегда уделяли много внимания. 8. Если за врачом послать сейчас же, он будет здесь не раньше, чем через час. 9. Над его шутками всегда смеются. 10. Ключ ищут, но пока безуспешно. 11. С ним поговорили, и он все понял. 12. Он старался произвести впечатление, но его просто не заметили.

Ex 336. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets

1. The first self service groceries (open) in America in 1912. 2. Oh, no! My car (go)! 3. Taking photographs in the museum (forbid). 4. Children should (see) but not (hear). 5. Milk (sell) often in cartons. 6. Energy could (save) if people made more journeys by bicycle. 7. Our team only (beat) once so far this year. 8. This painting probably (paint) by Dali. 9. She's only crying because some soap went into her eye while her hair (wash). 10. A new guidebook to the U.K. (write) at the moment. 11. In sоme countries women still (deny) the right to vote. 12. This event not (forget) very quickly. 13. The votes (count) by midnight? 14. The guard noticed at once that the safe (break into). 15. He didn't know where he (take) at the moment.

Ex. 337.Translate into English

1. Детективные романы хорошо продаются. 2. Эта ткань хорошо стирается. 3. Дмитрий перевелся в другой уни­верситет. 4. Сухие листья хорошо горят. 5. Шум стих (to calm down). 6. Эта книга легко читается. 7. Это ве­щество хорошо горит. 8. Кафель легко моется. 9. Этот свитер не садится и не линяет. 10. Эти брюки совершен­но не мнутся. 11. Тесто хорошо поднимается. 12. Пирог еще печется. 13. Этот диск хорошо расходится. 14. Это лекарство хорошо продается. 15. Золото легко плавит­ся. 16. Этот металл деформируется под давлением.

Ex. 338.Choose the correct form of the words in brackets

1. Many students are (interesting, interested) in the Internet. 2. Nigel's classes are always (interesting, interested). 3. Don't bother to read that book. It's (boring, bored). 4. I'm (boring, bored). How about going to a movie? 5. Most children are (fascinating, fascinated) by animals. 6. Young children think that animals are (fascinating, fascinated). 7.1 was very (embarrassing, embarrassed) by that question. 8. That was an (embarrassing, embarrassed) experience. 9. I read a (shocking, shocked) report yesterday. I was really (shocking, shocked). 10. The children went to a circus. For them, the circus was (exciting, excited). The (exciting, excited) children jumped up and down.

Ex. 339.Use the right form of the verbs in brackets

Many changes are happening in education today. In the traditional classroom, the teacher is in complete control. The teacher decides when the class will study which subject, and all students must work on the same subject at the same time. Nowadays developments in technology (use) in the classroom. Children (teach) Mathematics with calculators. Television (use) to teach basic Reading and Mathematics. The influence of general computerizing can't (overlook) either. In many schools computers (experiment) with in the classroom. They (use) to help teach English. In many elementary schools children (teach) how to read and write on computers.

In some schools, a new method called "the open classroom" (apply) these days. More and more students (permit) to choose for themselves which subject they want to work on and for how long. Students can work by themselves or in groups. Children are usually enthusiastic about this new method, but some parents are beginning to have doubts. According to these concerned patterns, the children (give) too much freedom nowadays, not enough time (spend) on real work, and the children not (teach) the subjects that are most important. In some schools that experimented with the open classroom in the past, the traditional methods of teaching (reinstate).

A number of years ago, universities also experimented with television in college lectures. Professors recorded their lectures on videotapes, which later (play) in class. The professors were not present in the classrooms. This new method (use) when studies came out showing that students were not learning. One professor received an unpleasant surprise when he entered his classroom. His lecture (show) on TV, but no students were in the room.

Ex. 340.Translate into English

1. Учти, в расписание внесли некоторые изменения. 2. Словарями нельзя пользоваться на экзаменах. 3. Его постоянно критикуют за плохие манеры. 4. — Маши­на сияет. — Да, ее только что помыли. 5. Дайте нам знать, если хотите, чтобы вас встретили в аэропорту, 6. Синтетические ткани хорошо стираются. 7. Вещи сделанные из льна, сильно мнутся. 8. Его необходимо остановить, пока не слишком поздно. 9. Ее укусило странное насекомое. 10. Детей следует уважать так же, как и взрослых. 11. Лабораторией нельзя было пользоваться вчера, в ней устанавливали новое оборудова­ние. 12. Все работы будут закончены к концу недели. 13. — Ты почему не в новых туфлях? — Они в ре­монте. 14. Инспектор заверил нас, что все необходи­мые меры уже были приняты. 15. Как только данные будут получены, вас проинформируют об этом. 16. Эйфелева башня была спроектирована Александром Эйфелем. Она была сооружена в 1889 году. Ее можно видеть из любой части города.

Ex. 341. Read the text and retell it

The Founding of Wedgwood

It was in 1759 that Josiah Wedgwood — the "Father of English Pottery" — founded the Wedgwood firm. By 1766, Wedgwood had prospered sufficiently to build himself a house and a splendid new factory which he named Etruria. During his lifetime (1730-95), J. Wedgwood invented and produced a wide range of table ware and ornamental wares. Wedgwood's greatest achievement and contribution to the British pottery industry was his development and production of cream coloured earthenware. Later it was known as Queen's Ware. Inexpensive and beautiful this new tableware was within reach of all people and its success was immediate and world-wide. The most famous commission of all was a dinner and dessert service for Empress Catherine II of Russia. The service consisted of 952 pieces which were decorated with paintings of 1244 different English scenes. Five bone china was first made by the firm in 1812-22 and has been made by the company ever since. Fine bone china is made from three main raw materials — china stone, china clay and oxbone. It is the bone (reduced to a fine ash) that gives china its whiteness, translucency and above all its amazing strength.

Test Your Knowledge

Ex 342. Read and translate the sentences Comment on the use of tenses in them

1. It's not age that matter. It's the spirit. 2. — And you, Henry? How's life treating you? You're looking well enough. — I'm doing fine. — I see you're keeping yourself busy. The old garden's looking as lovely as ever. 3. People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. 4. — Have you come to any definite conclusion yet? — No, I'm still feeling my way. 5. What have you been up to all day while I've been away? 6.1 wish you would go, we've been getting on each other's nerves lately. 7. She felt that a little break like that was what she'd been needing all those years. 8. When did you actually arrive? 9. The rain was falling in sheets. 10.1 was perky again as if I'd just been given a booster shot of vitamins. 11.1 had to be in Bulgaria in six days or my visa would lapse. 12. He looked at me with the expression of a man who had just lost his job and had his car stolen and now had learned that his wife had run off with his best pal. 13. Irene said she had been reading a lot since she had been working in the library. 14. Will you be waiting for me while I am in the Army?

Ex 343. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets

1. Now I (read) a short story about a young actor, who follows his heart (but not his head) to Paris in search of the secrets of life and love. 2. This book is for Bob, who (mean) all the world to me. 3. She just (crack) the shell of the hard-boiled egg and now (peel) it. 4. The old grandfather clock (stop) in 1990 and not (work) since. 5. What you (do) tonight? You (make up) your mind where to go? 6. You (look) so pale! What's the matter? You (see) a ghost? 7. Where you (get) that black eye? You (fight)? 8. They (move) to the country last year so that their children (grow up) away from the city traffic. 9. The road through the city centre (repair) at the moment so we (take) the longer way which seldom (use). 10. When you (listen) how he (speak), you (understand) what his brother (mean). He not (change) at all since we last (meet) him. 11. Much later, when we (finish) dinner and (drink) wine near the fireplace, Andrew (rise) to make a toast to everybody's health. 12. The snow (stop) falling by the time they (arrive) in New Milford, and the sun (shine) in the brilliantly blue sky. 13. The baby, due in January next year, (raise) in America. 14.He (beat) by his rival in the presidential elections. 15. You (use) your computer this afternoon? — I not (decide) yet. 16. Henry's wife served the meat which (marinate) in wine and fresh herbs.

Ex. 344.Retell the following jokes in indirect speech

1. Many years ago when the rivers were clean and our Earth was not polluted Old Joe was sitting on the river bank fishing. The catch was good, there was nobody around and Old Joe was very happy. "Nobody will see me fishing here," he said to himself. He was about to go home already when suddenly he heard a man's voice over his shoulder asking "Have you caught anything?" "Only forty trout," answered Joe. "I guess you don't know who I am," continued the voice. "I am the fishing inspector here, and you are breaking exactly six laws." But Joe was not at a loss. "I guess you don't know who I am either," he said. "I am the biggest liar in this country."

2. Harry came to his mother one morning while she was having her breakfast, and said to her, "No one at my school likes me, Mother. The teachers don't, and the children don't. Even the cleaners and the bus drivers hate me."

"Well, Harry," his mother answered, "perhaps you aren't very nice to them. If a few people don't like a person, he or she may not be responsible for that; but if a lot of people don't, there's usually something wrong, and that person really needs to change." "I'm too old to change," Harry said. "I don't want to go to school." "Don't be silly, Harry," his mother said, going towards

the garage to get the car out. "You have to go. You're quite well, and you still have a lot of things to learn. And besides that, you're the headmaster of the school."

Ex. 345.Read the following just for fun

I am a poet, though few know it. I have been writing poetry since I was eight years old. Here is some of it:

1. Teacher's a fool, down with skool! My form teacher was very cross with me only because I didn't know how to spell "school", of course!

2. Latin is a language as dead as dead can be; First it killed the Romans and now it's killing me!

3. When I die, bury me deep; bury my history book at my feet. Tell the teacher I've gone to rest and won't be back for the history test.

4. I eat my peas with honey; I've done it all my life. It makes the peas taste funny but it keeps them on the knife.

Ex 346.Use the right form of the verbs in brackets

Returned Hospitality

A well-to-do young Cambridge University student took a year off to visit his relatives in Australia, who (deport) some two centuries earlier. They lived in humble circumstances in Melbourne but when the posh Pom arrived, he (treat) like a royalty. He (stay) for six months though he originally (say) it (be) "just a week or so", and during the entire period he never even (offer) to help with the household chores. They (take) him to all the sights, (go) to the opera and to the beach — all for no gratitude whatsoever.

Naturally, the family (be) intensely annoyed by this relative's manner, and when he announced the date when he (leave), they (can) not help feeling great relief. Before leaving, just for manners' sake, he suggested that the family (may) look him up and his rich widowed mother in their huge country house when they (visit) England later that year.

So, when the Aussies — mum, dad, and two young kids (arrive) at Heathrow, they immediately (ring) up the man who (stay) with them. His mother answered the phone and as soon as she (understand) who they (be), she (croon) that they really (must) come up for tea. To say the least, this was alarming to them — they (expect) (put) up at least for a week after the hospitality they (extend) to her obnoxious son.

However, they (decide) to travel to the mansion, deep in the Yorkshire dales, that very day. But the journey was a nightmare. The weather was horrid, wet and windy. Worse, their relatives' village (be) not on any map and they (have to) ask a dozen people in the locality before they (get) the right directions. Finally, just before 11 p.m., they (reach) the place and (be) thrilled in anticipation of what they (discover) about their forebears. The door (open) by a lady, who (tell) them to leave their bags in the car for the moment. She (lead) them by candlelight to a dim dusty study with a real fire which (glow) on one side, and explained how expensive electricity (become) in this day and age. The mother (disappear) and soon (come) back with a plate of ginger cake and a pot of tea and listened abstractedly to their description of the journey with a soppy fixed smile.

Half an hour later, she (stand up), (clasp) her hands together, (say) "Well" and (begin) walking towards the door. The family looked at each other — was she saying they (should) (go) and (get) their bags from the car now? But then their worst fears (confirm). The woman simply thanked them for coming and, without ceremony, (show) them through the door and out into the rain-drenched night.

Ex 347. Read the story and retell it in indirect speech