The First Mining School in Russia

The Moscow Mining Academy was established¹ in 1918. The main task of the Academy was to train mining engineers and techni- " cians, to popularize technological achievements among miners, to work on important problems of mining and metallurgical engineering arid to direct scientific research.

There were three departments in the Academy²: mining, geo­logical prospecting and metallurgy. The Moscow Mining Academy introduced a new course in coal mining mechanization which pro­vided the basis for the development of mining engineering. The two scientists A.M. Terpigorev and M.M. Protodyakonov wrote the first textbook on machinery for mining bedded deposits.

Much credit for the establishment of the Moscow Mining Acad­emy and the development of co-operation among outstanding scien­tists and educators is due to³ Academician I.M. Gubkin, a prominent geologist and oil expert.

In 1925 the Moscow Mining Academy was one of the best-known educational institutions in Russia.It had well-equipped labo­ratories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many volumes of Russian and foreign scientific books and journals.

The Academy established close contacts with the coal and ore mining industries. The scientists carried out scientific research and worked on important mining problems.

The rapid growth of the mining industry called for the training of more highly-qualified specialists and the establishment of new educational institutions.

New collieries and open-cast mines, concentration plants, met­allurgical works and metal-working factories for processing non-fer­rous and ferrous metals appeared in the country. The people took an active part in the construction of new industrial enterprises.

The Academy alone could not cope with the problem of training specialists. In 1930 the Moscow Mining Academy was transformed⁴ into six independent institutes. Among the new colleges which grew >out of the Academy's departments were the Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Pro-specting. Later, the scientific research Institute of Mining appeared near Moscow.

¹ was established— была основана (пассивный залог; вводится дальше).
Ср. ниже established close contacts— установила тесные контакты

² There were three departments in the Academy— В Академии было три
факультета.

Конструкция «there+ глагол to be»(в настоящем, прошедшем или бу­дущем времени) употребляется, когда нужно сообщить о наличии, сущест­вовании в данном месте предмета (предметов) или лица (лиц). Обратите внимание на то, что перевод предложений с таким оборотом лучше начи­нать с обстоятельства места (В Академии...). Подробнее см. Unit 4.

³ Much credit ... is dne— Большая заслуга... принадлежит

⁴ was transformed— была преобразована (Ср. пояснение 1.)

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

7. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста.
Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста.

1. There were four departments in the Academy.

2. The Academy introduced a new course in coal mining niechan-
ization.

3. In 1925 the Academy had only several well-equippea laborat­
ories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many vol­
umes of books.

4. The Academy established close contacts with the coal industry.

5. In 1930 the Academy was transformed into six independent in­
stitutes.

6. The Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Ge­
ological Prospecting were among the new colleges which grew
out of the Academy's departments.

8. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What was the main task of the Academy?

2. What new course did the Academy introduce?

3. Were there three or four departments at the Academy?

4. What industries did the Academy establish contacts with?

5. Who wrote the first textbook on machinery' for mining bedded
deposits?

6. Why was the Academy transformed into six independent insti­
tutes?

7. Why was the Academy transformed?

\

\ 9. Подберите к глаголам из списка А соответствующие существительныеиз списка Б. Переведите словосочетания.

1 А. Б.

| 1. to carry out a) new courses

I 2. to direct 6) laboratories

3. to prospect for в) experiments

4. to introduce r) research

5. to equip д) contacts

| 6. to establish e) new deposits

t

10. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих
сочетаний слов.

1. mining equipment а) обогатительная

2. to carry out фабрика
research б) подготовка горных

3. new course in инженеров

4. to direct scientific в) разведка нефти

- activity г) обработка цветных

5. to take an active part in металлов

6. prospecting for oil д) техническое

7. bedded deposit образование

8. concentration plant e) новый (учебный) курс по

9. technical education ж) принимать активное

10. processing of поп- участие

ferrous metals , з) проводить исследования

11. the training of и) направлять научную
geologist and mining деятельность
engineers к) горное оборудование

12. concentration plant л) пластовые

месторождения

б) Найдите в левой колонке английские эквиваленты русских сочетаний слов.

11. Найдите в каждом ряду слова или сочетания слов, имеющие
наиболее общее значение.

engineer, chemist, geologist, specialist, economist coal, mineral resources, oil, iron, gas, ferrous metals oil industry, gas industry, extractive industry the sun, atom, gas, energy source, coal, oil