Времена группы Indefinite Active

Времена группы Indefinite обозначают факт совершения действия в

настоящем, прошедшем и будущем без уточнения, как оно протекает во

времени.

The Indefinite (Active)

Формы Indefinite (Active) показаны в табл. 24.

Таблица 24

Present

Past

Future

Утвердительная форма

{I, we, you, they}write {he, I, he, she, it,

{I, we} shall write

she, it} writes

we, you,

wrote

{he, she, it, you, they} will write

they

Вопросительная форма

Do{I,

we,

I, you,

you,

he, she,

will {I, he, she, it, you, they, write}

they}

write?

Did it, we,

write?

write?

they

Does

{he,

she}

Отрицательная форма

{I, we, you,

I, he,

they} do not write

she, it,

{I, he, she, it, you, we, they} will

we

did not write

not

{he, she, it} does

you,

not write

they

The Present Indefinite Tense

(настоящее неопределенное время)

The Present Indefinite выражает обычное, повторное действие, Часто

употребляется со словами always всегда, usually обычно, every day (week, year) каждый день (неделю, год) и т. д.:

We live in Moscow. Мы живем в Москве.

Утвердительная форма глагола в the Present Indefinite Tense совпадает

с инфинитивом без частицыto:

to study - учиться; I study - я учусь.

В 3-м лице единственного числа к глаголу добавляется окончание -s(-

es):

to speak - he speaks, to see - she sees, to wash - she washes, to dress - she

dresses, to do - he does, to pay - he pays, to study - he studies, to defend –he de-

fends.

Вопросительная и отрицательная формы глагола в Present Indefinite

образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do в форме do или does (для 3-го лица единственного числа) и смыслового глагола в инфинитиве

без частицы to. В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол

ставится перед подлежащим, а в отрицательном - после подлежащего, а

между ним и смысловым глаголом ставится отрицательная частица not: Do

we study the law?

Does he study the law?

She does not study the law.

We do not study the law.

The Past Indefinite Tense

(прошедшее неопределенное время)

The Past Indefinite Tense выражает действие в прошлом. Обычно

употребляется со словами yesterday - вчера, the day before yesterday -

позавчера, last year, month, week - в прошлом году, месяце, неделе, a month ago - месяц тому назад, the other day - на днях.

Правильные глаголы образуют утвердительную форму в Past Indefi-

nite путем прибавления окончания -ed к инфинитиву без частицы to для

всех лиц единственного и множественного числа: ask - asked, to study - stud-

ied.

Утвердительная форма неправильных глаголов в Past Indefinite

образуется особым способом и для каждого глагола приведена в таблице

неправильных глаголов (см. приложение). Вопросительная и отрицательная

формы в Past Indefinite образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола

did для всех лиц и чисел:

Did he enter the law faculty last year? Он поступил на юридический

факультет в прошлом году? He did not enter the law faculty last year. Он не

поступил на юридический факультет в прошлом году.

The Future Indefinite Tense

(будущее неопределенное время)

The Future Indefinite Tense выражает будущее действие со словами

tomorrow - завтра, the day after tomorrow послезавтра, tonight -сегодня

вечером, next year, month, week - в следующем году, месяце, неделе,

in...days (hours) - через ... дней (часов) etc.

Утвердительная форма в Future Indefinite образуется при помощи

вспомогательного глаголаwill (для всех лиц) и инфинитива глагола без

частицыto:

I will go to the court tomorrow. Завтра я пойду в суд.

Не will go to the court next week. Он пойдет в суд на следующей

неделе.

Вопросительная форма глагола в the Future Indefinite образуется

путем вынесения вспомогательного глагола will перед подлежащим:

Will we go to the court tomorrow? Мы пойдем завтра в суд ?

Will he go to the court next week? Он пойдет в суд на следующей

неделе ?

Отрицательная форма глагола в the Future Indefinite образуется при

помощи

отрицательной

частицыnot,

которая

ставится

после

вспомогательного глаголаwill.

Wewill not go to the court tomorrow. Мы не пойдем в суд завтра.

Неwill not go to the court next week. Он не пойдет в суд на следующей

неделе.

Глаголы в Present, Past и Future Indefinite переводятся как

совершенным, так и несовершенным видом глагола в настоящем,

прошедшем и будущем времени соответственно.

Упражнение 15.

Прочитайте примеры и объясните, как образуются вопросительные

формы.

Present Indefinite:

Do you study well?

Does he read English books?

Does she want to learn English?

Does it take you much time to get home?

Do they live near the Institute?

Past Indefinite:

Did you study English last year?

Did he (she) buy the book yesterday?

Did it take you much time to get home?

Did they come back the day before yesterday?

Future Indefinite:

Will you read the book tomorrow?

Will he (she) come back in a week?

Will it take you only 5 minutes to get home?

Will they leave for Moscow next week?

Упражнение 16.

Прочитайте и проанализируйте образование отрицательных форм.

Present Indefinite:

I do not (don't) speak French.

He (she) does not (doesn't) read German books.

It does not (doesn't) take me much time to get home.

We (you, they) do not (don't) live near the Institute.

Past Indefinite:

I did not (didn't) study English last year.

He (she) did not (didn't) spend the holidays in Minsk.

It did not (didn't) take me much time to get to the Institute.

We (you, they) did not (didn't) come home later than usually.

Future Indefinite:

I will not go for a walk in the evening.

He (she) will not (won't) be too tired after the trip.

It will not (won't) take you much time to get there.

We will not go to the country tomorrow.

You (they) will not (won't) come back to Minsk soon.

Упражнение 17.

Ответьте на вопросы.

What is your name?

How old are you?

Have you any sisters or brothers?

Are you a student of the University now?

Were you a student last year?

Do you know the Russian language?

Did you learn any foreign language at school?

What foreign language did you learn at school?

Упражнение 18.

Прочитайте и объясните образование вопросительных форм.

Present Continuous:

Am I reading this sentence correctly?

Is he (she) going home now?

Are you (we, they) studying Present Continuous now?

Past Continuous:

Was he (I, she) reading that sentence correctly?

Were you (we, they) studying Past Continuous at that time?

Future Continuous:

Shall I (we) be going there at once?

Will you (he, she, they) be studying Future Continuous at the next lesson?

Упражнение 19.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в нужную форму.

1. I never (to be) to Moscow. 2. She (lo make) a report two days ago. 3.

When you (to come)? 4. You (to read) this book? 5. When you (to read) it? 6. I

just (to see) him. 7. We (to know) Peter since 1995. 8. They (to read) many books

this year. 9. Who (to lake) my book? 10. She (to speak) at the meeting today. It

his brother (to finish) school last year. 12. They (to open) the window. 13. I (not

to see) him since we finished school. 14. Why you (not to do) your homework?

Упражнение 20.

Прочитайте и проанализируйте образование отрицательной формы.

Present Continuous:

I am not taking a Russian lesson now.

He (she) is not (isn't studying German.

We (you, they) are not (aren't) going home now.

Past Continuous:

I (he. she) was not (wasn't) doing my (his, her) home work then.

We (you, they) were not (weren't) living there in May.

Future Continuous:

I (we) shall not (shan't) be going there at once.

He (she, you, they) will not (won't) be watching TV tomorrow.

Упражнение 21.

Ответьте на вопросы.

What are you doing now?

Are you answering the questions?

Were you staying at home yesterday evening?

What were you doing then?

Were you watching TV at that time?

What was your mother doing when you came home?

Will you be having your supper at 8 o'clock?

What will you be doing at 8 o'clock tonight?

What did they do? What were they doing?

Упражнение 22.

Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст; ответьте на вопросы,

стоящие после текста.

Yesterday Peter and Nick worked until 4 o'clock. They left the office a

quarter of an hour later and walked to the canteen. They got there at 4.30. They

finished dinner at 5.15. Then they went to see the Petrovs and listened to some of

their new records. At 8 o'clock they said good night to the Petrovs and took the

tram home. Peter got back to his apartment at 9 and listened to the news on the

radio for a quarter of an hour. Nick went to the cinema and didn't get home till 12

o'clock.

What were Peter and Nick doing at 3.30?

Until what time did they work?

Were they working at 4 o'clock?

What did they do at a quarter past four?

What were they doing at 4.20?

What were they doing at 5?

When did they finish dinner?

Where did they go after leaving the canteen?

What did they do then?

What were they doing at the Petrovs' house?

At what time did they say good night to the Petrovs?

What were they doing at 8.15?

What time did Peter get home?

What did Peter do when he got home?

What was Peter doing at 9.10?

And what about Nick, where did he go?

Where was Nick at 10 o'clock?

When did Nick come home?

Упражнение 23.

Прочитайте и переведите предложения.

(1) She goes to the Institute every day. (2) Pete usually writes letters to his

parents on Sundays. (3) Yesterday I came home late at night. (4) Ann will go to

Moscow during the holidays. (5) I shall invite him to our evening party. (6) They

discussed the question during the interval. (7) They were discussing the question

during the interval. (8) It happened long ago. (9) We have our English classes

twice a week. (10) There were a lot of people at the theatre. (11) I’ll give you half

an hour to finish this work. (12) Don't go out. It is raining. (13) He will be

working in the library at this time tomorrow. (14) Does your friend live in the

hostel or with his parents at home? (15) How long does your working day last?

(16) Who(m) were you traveling with in the Caucasus? (17) Who took part in the

discussion of the question? (18) We will not take part in this work.

Упражнение 24.

Прочитайте и переведите текст «A Week-day of Mr.

Brown»;ответьте на вопросы, стоящие после текста.

Yesterday Mr. Brown woke at seven o'clock in the morning. He got up

quickly and opened the window. He did his exercise. Then he went to the

bathroom. He washed his hands and face. He brushed his teeth too. He did not

take a cold shower. At half past seven he sat down to breakfast.

After breakfast his day's work began. He walked round to his office. It is

not a long way off. It takes him little time to get there. He is never late.

Mr. Brown was busy at his office till one o'clock in the afternoon. Then he

went to the canteen to have dinner. At two o'clock he was again at his office. His

working day was over at five.

When did Mr. Brown wake yesterday?

What did he do then?

Why did he open the window?

Where did he wash his hands and face?

Did he brush his teeth and take a cold shower?

When did he sit down to breakfast?

When did his day's work begin?

How does he get to his office?

When did he go to the canteen to have dinner?

When was he again at his office?

When was his working day over?