The social worker advised them to put their handicapped child into care.

2. order (n) - порядок; юр. приказ, предписание, распоряжение, указание; инструкция

order (v) - приказывать, предписывать, распоряжаться, давать указания, инструкции

court order - распоряжение суда

order of court- судебный приказ

order of proof- порядок представления доказательств

probation order - судебный приказ о направлении на апробацию

public order - общественный порядок

supervision order - приказ об осуществлении надзора

The police must try to restore order.

He gave orders far the work to be started

a point of order = a question of procedure

I wish to raise a point of order.

She said she wouldn't take orders from a junior clerk.

The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded.

3. incur (v) - нести (ответственность, обязанность, расходы, ущерб)

to incur guilt - принять на себя вину

to incur liability = to incur responsibility - принять на себя ответственность, понести ответственность

to incur sentence - навлечь на себя наказание, понести наказание

Debts incurred by juvenile offenders are normally the responsibility of their parents.

4.guardian (n) - опекун, попечитель

guardian by appointment of court - опекун по назначению суда

legal guardian - опекун по завещанию

special guardian - опекун с ограниченными функциями, опекун в специальных целях

The police are guardians of law and order.

He is a guardian of an orphaned child.

guardianship (n) - опека, попечительство

Every pensioner needs social guardianship.

guard (n) - охрана, стража

guard (v) - охранять, сторожить

5. adult (n, adj) -взрослый, зрелый, совершеннолетний

His behaviour is not particularly adult.

He is an adult. He is old enough to vote. He is old enough to marry.

6. panel (n) - зд. список (присяжных, арбитров); состав присяжных
panel = jury

panel - шотл. юр. подсудимый, обвиняемый

The panel are the people on a jury.

In law a panel is a list of jurors.

7. refer (v) - посылать, отсылать (to - к кому-л., чему-л.); направлять (за)

They referred a complaint to another department.

The dispute was referred to the United Nations to arbitration.

You should refer a patient to a specialist for treatment.

The reader is referred to page 5.

referable (adj) - могущий быть приписанным или отнесенным (to - к кому-л., чему-л.)

referral (n) - отправка, отсылка; зд. судебное рассмотрение

the grounds for referral - основания для судебного рассмотрения

8. remit (v) - 1) прекращать, отменять, аннулировать; 2) прощать, помиловать; освобождать (от ответственности, наказания, уплаты); уменьшать ответственность; 3) пересылать, переводить деньги.

to remit the case - отсылать дело

His prison sentence has been remitted.

The taxes have been remitted.

The case has been remitted from the appeal court to a lower tribunal.

remission (n) - прощение, освобождение от уплаты, от наказания; отмена пли смягчение приговора.

9. remand (n) - юр. возвращение (арестованного) под стражу

a person on remand - I) подследственный; 2) арестованный, оставленный под стражей (для продолжения следствия)

remand (v) - 1) юр. отсылать обратно под стражу (для продолжения следствия); 2) отсылать (дело) обратно на доследование

The accused was remanded in custody for a week.

remand centre, remand home - дом предварительного заключения для малолетних преступников

prisoners on remand

detention on remand

a remand prisoner

Exc.3 Give Russian equivalents to the words given in bold type.

THE LAW AND THE FAMILY

Here, we will look at how the law sees the family a special institution;how some legal systems treat married couples and their children differently from the unmarried; the process of divorce; custodyof and responsibility for children; and protection from violencein the home. Finally, we will consider the rights of successionto the propertyof a family member when they die.

Beyond the mere function of providing a new generationof children, the family is often promotedfor its moral contribution to society. Despite a growing labor shortage,the Japanese government has passed very little legislation challenging the assumptionthat mothers should stay at home rather than go out to work. In Ireland, which is strongly influenced by the doctrines of the Catholic Church, divorce remains illegal.

In some societies the family is thought to be so important that there is very little legal interventionin family life. In many Islamiccountries, for example, fathers, brothers and sons are allowed considerable authorityover the femalesin their family. As late as the 1970s, the malehead of the household in Switzerland was deemedto represent the interests of everyone within that household, and, consequently, none of the women could vote in national elections. But in many parts of the world, the law now promotes the rights of individuals within the family unit, and regulates family relations through legislation.Raised from the taxes of the working population as a whole, child benefitis paid directly to the mother, and retirement pensionsare paid to grandparents, so that they are less dependent upon financial support from a family member. In Sweden, parents can be prosecutedfor physically punishingtheir children and children have a limited capacityto divorce their parents. In Britain, as in many countries, there are special family courts with very strong powers to control and transfer private property in the interests of children. Much of the work of other courts is also directly relevant tofamily life.

MARRIAGE REQUIREMENTS

Generally, romantic love is the basis of marriage in this country, but this is a relatively recent development.In the past bride seizure, paymentand parental arrangementwere regarded asthe normal methods for deciding on marriage partners. To belegally valid,a marriage must be: voluntary, between two single people, who are over sixteen, of the opposite sex and not closely related.

Both man and woman must be acting voluntarily.Force, fear and duresswill all invalidatethe marriage. But it must be real duress: for instance, social pressure and the desire to please one's parents do not invalidate the marriage.

The marriage will also be invalidif one of the couple does not realize what he or she is doing (e.g. if drink or old age affectstheir awarenessof what is happening).

Similarly, if there was a mistake as to the identityof the other partner the marriage would be invalid.But other mistakes will not invalidate it. For instance, if the man is mistaken as to the financial standing,social status or career prospects of his wife, he cannot argue that he would not otherwise have married her and so claim that the marriage is invalid. Duress and social pressure can also invalidate the marriage. This can be a particular problem with arranged marriages.

A nineteen-year-old Hindu girl was forced into an arranged marriage.Had she not agreed, her parents would have thrown her out of the house, leaving her homeless and penniless. The Court of Appealgranted a declaration that the marriage was a nullity— the crucial question in these cases is whether the threats, pressure, or whatever it is, is such as to destroy the reality of the consentand overbear the willof the individual. So, in many ways it was the threat of homelessnessand social ostracismthat were the key factors in this case, and not so much the mere parentaland social pressure.

This case should not be taken as showing that all arranged marriages can be set aside,but it is clear evidence of a change of attitude by the courts in being prepared to tacklethis difficult problem.