Grammar focus 5. Reported speech.
am ,is → was; are →were; do, does →did
look, feel etc.(present) →looked, felt etc. (past)
have ,has → had; can → could
will → would
| ORIGINAL WORDS (DIRECT SPEECH) | REPORTED WORDS (INDIRECT SPEECH) |
| You look nice. | I told her that shelookednice. |
| I can’tswim. | He said that hecouldn’tswim. |
| I am learningFrench. | She thought that shewas learningFrench. |
| Hashe forgotten? | I wondered ifhehad forgotten. |
| Johnphoned. | She reported that Johnhad phoned. |
| Willyoumarryme? | I asked him ifhewould marryme. |
a) Translate sentences from English into Russian.
1. The reporter asked the judge why he had chosen this career.
2. Sarah claimed that she wanted to work at the Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation.
3. Angelina explained that she would not have enough work experience after graduating from the Academy.
4. The judge said that he was going to read a newspaper before the court session.
5. She said that he could not remember what the case was about.
6. He told us that the court trial would be very complicated.
b) Read the dialogue and change the sentences from direct to reported speech.
Ann: Hi, Mary! Where are you going?
Mary: I am going to the Regional court. My friend works as a judge there.
Ann: Oh, really! I have never been to the court! I have never seen a judge! May I go with you?
Mary: Sure. When we come to the court, we’ll have to pass through security including metal detectors.
Ann: Oh, it’s so exciting!
Mary: And it is necessary to have a passport for identification. If you have no passport, you won’t be allowed to enter the court building.
Ann: Oh, I’ve left my passport at home! What shall we do?
Mary: I am terribly sorry, but you’ll have to go to the court next time.
c) Translate sentences from Russian into English.
1. Преподаватель сказал, что мы будем писать контрольную по судебной системе на следующей неделе.
2. Студенты узнали, что Верховный суд США это высшая судебная инстанция в США.
3. Мы спросили судью, когда было рассмотрено то сложное дело.
4. В статье говорилось, что дело было пересмотрено по вновь открывшемся обстоятельствам на прошлой неделе.
5. Девушка думала, что она переводит текст про арбитражные суды.
6. Я знал, что в Конституционном суде РФ 19 судей.
Exercise 14
Dialogue focus. Presentations.
Make a presentation to describe the court system in Russia according to the plan:
1. Sources of law in the Russian Federation.
2. The main groups of courts in the RF.
3. The Courts of General Jurisdiction (structure and competence).
4. The Commercial Courts (structure and competence).
5. The Russian Federation Constitutional Courts (structure and competence).
Make use of the expressions below.
| HOW TO MAKE A PRESENTATION |
| 1. Greeting the audience Good morning/good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for coming |
| 2. Introducing yourself My name is ….and I’m +position I’m +name+from+organization |
| 3. Stating the purpose Today I'm going to tell you about... I’m here today to talk about… |
| 4. Stating the main points My presentation consists of three parts First , I’ll tell you about…. Second , I’ll talk about.... Finally, we are going to look at… |
| 5. Main part a) Let's start/begin with ... Now let's move on to ... And finally I'd like to turn to… b) Showing visuals and giving more details I'd like to show you a picture/a photo.. I'd like to add (that)… |
| 6. Summarizing So, first I spoke about Then we talked about Finally, we looked at |
| 7. Conclusion In conclusion, I’d like to say that… |
| 8. Questions Now if you have any questions, I'll be happy to answer them |
Section 2
Courts
Exercise 15
Pronunciation practice.
Practise saying the words:
[æ] in´valid; e´xamine; handle
[ai] comprise; higher; compliance; by
[ə:] certain; commercial; first; interpret; third
[ɛə] declare; there
[k]´competent
[ʃ] cassation; relation; issue; officially; session; initiate
[tʃ] structure; such
[ð] within; other; with; whether
[s]proceeding; council
[gz] e´xecutive; e´xamine
Exercise 16
a) Match the English word combinations with their Russian equivalents.
| 1. constituent entities | a. кассационная инстанция |
| 2. to handle cases (or appeals) | b. субъекты Федерации |
| 3. appeals against the decisions | c. проверять законы |
| 4. instance of cassation | d. апелляции на решения (судов) |
| 5. to examine laws | e. в рамках своей подведомственности |
| 6. within the jurisdiction | f. рассматривать дела (или апелляции) |
b) Fill in the gaps with the word-combinations from part a).
1. There are eighty three……. ….. in the Russian Federation.
2. …… ….. …… of the first instance court are handled by appellate courts.
3. The Constitutional Court can …… …….. at the federal level as to their compliance with the constitution.
4. Commercial courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation ….. …… as trial courts.
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